Sodium Cyanide mune Yakakosha Metal Mining: Iyo In - Yakadzama Kutarisa

ziviso

Munzvimbo yekuchera simbi dzinokosha segoridhe nesirivha, sodium cyanide yakaita basa rinokosha kwerinopfuura zana. Kubva pakaunzwa muma1880s, kushandiswa kwe cyanide - maitiro akavakirwa akachinja kutorwa kweaya masimbi akakosha kubva mumiviri ore. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa Sodium Cyanide in kuchera simbi inokosha, kusanganisira makemikari ayo, iyo kudhirowa nzira, matanho ekuchengetedza, uye zvakatipoteredza.

Chemical Properties yeSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ikemikari inoumbwa nesodium (Na), kabhoni (C), uye nitrogen (N). Inowanzoita sechena, mvura-inonyungudika yakasimba. Indasitiri, inogona kugadzirwa nenzira mbiri huru. Imwe ndeyekuita hydrogen cyanide (HCN) ine sodium hydroxide (NaOH), uye imwe iri kuburikidza neCastner process, apo sodium amide (NaNH₂) inopindirana nekabhoni pakupisa kwakanyanya.

Iyo Cyanide Leaching process

Ore Preparation

Isati yatanga cyanide leaching process, ore ine simbi dzinokosha inofanira kugadzirirwa. Izvi zvinowanzobatanidza kupwanya nekukuya simbi yacho kuita upfu hwakatsetseka. Chinangwa ndechekuwedzera nzvimbo ye ore, zvichiita kuti pave nekubatana kuri nani pakati pe Sodium cyanide mhinduro uye zvidimbu zvesimbi zvinokosha. Semuyenzaniso, mukucherwa kwegoridhe, kana goridhe rikaparadzirwa musimbi yose pamwero wakanaka, kukuya kwakafanira kunogona kuburitsa goridhe rakawanda pamushonga unoyerera.

Leaching

Kana iyo ore iri muchimiro chakakodzera, yakanyatsotariswa sodium cyanide mhinduro inounzwa. Muhupo hweokisijeni, kemikari inoitika. Iyo goridhe inoumba yakaoma ine cyanide ions, ichigadzira goridhe rinonyungudika - cyanide yakaoma. Iyi yakaoma inobva yanyunguduka mumhinduro, inonyatso kupatsanura goridhe kubva kune yasara ore matrix. Iyo okisijeni mukuita inoshandira kuunza oxidize goridhe, kufambisa kuparara kwayo.

Kudzorerwa Kwesimbi Anokosha

Mushure mekuita leaching, danho rinotevera ndere kudzoreredza simbi dzinokosha kubva mumushonga. Imwe nzira yakajairika ndeyekushandisa zinc. Kana zingi yawedzerwa kune mhinduro, inobvisa goridhe mugoridhe - cyanide complex, kushandura goridhe kuti ive yakasimba fomu. Iri goridhe rakasimba rinobva ragadziriswa zvakare, kazhinji kuburikidza nekunyungudutsa, kuti riwane goridhe rakanatswa.

Mhando dzeCyanide Leaching

Vat Leaching (Mairi Anodzora)

Iyo inozivikanwawo sekuti vat leaching, maitiro aya anowanzo kuitika muchigayo chehunyanzvi chiri panzvimbo yemugodhi. Ore yakapwanyika zvakanaka inoiswa mumushonga wecyanide munyu. Mushonga unosungirirana nemaion musimbi dzakakosha, zvichivabvumira kuti vaparadzanise kunze mumhinduro. Nekudaro, zvinhu zvakaita sekuvapo kwezvinhu zvakasiyana muore zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda kweichi chiitiko. Semuenzaniso, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuita necyanide kana simbi dzakakosha, zvichikanganisa kuumbwa kweiyo soluble complex. Pamusoro pezvo, nepo kuunzwa kweokisijeni yakawanda kuchigona kukurumidzira nzira yekucheka, izvi hazviwanzoitwa mumagayo nekuda kwekunetseka kwemitengo.

Heap Leaching

Heap leaching ndiyo imwe nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Mukuita uku, simbi yakapwanyika inounganidzwa kuita mirwi mikuru. Sodium cyanide solution inobva yapfapfaidzwa pamusoro pemirwi iyi. Sezvo mushonga wacho uchipinda musimbi, unonyungudutsa simbi dzinokosha. Heap leaching inodhura zvakanyanya - inoshanda kana ichienzaniswa nevat leaching, kunyanya kune yakaderera-giredhi ores. Iyo ine zvakare mukana wekuwedzera oxygen kumusanganiswa zvakajairika sezvo mhinduro ichitenderera kuburikidza neore. Nekudaro, chikuru chinokanganisa ndiko kuomerwa kwekudzora magumo emuchetura cyanide mhinduro mushure mekunge yapedza iyo leaching process.

Zvokuchengetedza Maitiro

Pasinei nekushanda kwayo mukuchera simbi yakakosha, sodium cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya. Mune ese akasimba uye ane gasi maitiro, anogona kuuraya kana akamwiwa kana kufemerwa. Nekudaro, muindasitiri yezvicherwa, matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza aripo. Iko kusanganiswa kwecyanide mumushonga wekubvisa inochengetwa yakaderera zvakanyanya, kazhinji muchikamu chezana kusvika kumazana mashanu pamiriyoni. Vashandi vanobata sodium cyanide, ingave iri muchimiro chemabriquette akasimba kana mhinduro, vanosungirwa kupfeka zvakafanira zvekuzvidzivirira nazvo, zvakaita semasks ekudzivirira kubva kuguruva rinofambiswa nemhepo kana magasi ane huwandu hwe cyanide. Muchokwadi, kuNorth America neAustralia, hakuna kufa kune cyanide-ine chekuita ne cyanide pakati pevashandi vemugodhi mumakore anopfuura zana, zvichiratidza kushanda kwezvirongwa zvekuchengetedza izvi.

Mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza

Chimwe chezvinonyanya kunetsa maererano nekushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mumigodhi ndiko kukanganisa kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza. Kana iyo cyanide mhinduro ikapinda mumvura yepamusoro, inogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakaoma. Hove dzinozivikanwa kuti dzinonzwa cyanide zvakapetwa kachuru kupfuura vanhu. Kusvibiswa kwecyanide kunogona kukanganisa zvipenyu, kukuvadza hupenyu hwemvura uye zvinogona kukanganisa chikafu chose. Kudzikamisa njodzi idzi, makambani emigodhi anoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekutarisira zvakatipoteredza. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemadziva ane mitsetse kuchengetedza mhinduro dzecyanide, masisitimu ekuchengetedza akakodzera kudzivirira kubuda, uye maitiro ekurapa ekubvisa cyanide - ine tsvina isati yaburitswa.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide inoramba iri kemikari yakakosha mukuchera masimbi anokosha. Kugona kwayo kunyatsoburitsa goridhe, sirivheri, uye mamwe masimbi akakosha kubva mumatombo akaita kuti ive musimboti weindasitiri yezvicherwa yemazuva ano. Zvisinei, njodzi dzinobatanidzwa, zvose maererano nekuchengeteka uye zvakatipoteredza, hazvigoni kufuratirwa. Kuburikidza nekuitwa kwemaitiro akasimba ekuchengetedza uye maitiro epamberi ekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza, indasitiri yezvicherwa inoramba ichishandisa sodium cyanide zvine hungwaru, kuenzanisa kudiwa kwekuchera simbi yakakosha nekuchengetedzwa kwehutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, zvingangoita kuti kunyangwe nzira dzakanyanya kushanda uye dzakatipoteredza dzekuchera simbi yakakosha dzichagadziridzwa, asi kune ramangwana rinoonekwa, sodium cyanide icharamba ichiita basa rakakosha muindasitiri iyi yakakosha.