Nzira dzekurapa cyanide tailings ne hypochlorite

ziviso

Cyanide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yezvicherwa, kunyanya mumatanho ekuchera goridhe nesirivheri nekuda kwekugona kwayo kuumba macomplexes akatsiga nesimbi dzinokosha idzi. Zvisinei, kuvapo kwe cyanide mumisara inokonzeresa njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uye hutano. Cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya kuhupenyu hwemumvura, zvirimwa, nemhuka, uye inogona kusvibisa matsime emvura kana isina kunyatsogadziriswa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nzira dzinoshanda dzekubvisa cyanide mumaswe dzakanyanya kukosha. Imwe nzira yakadaro ndeyekushandisa hypochlorite, iyo yakaratidza chivimbiso mukuparadza cyanide compounds uye kuderedza huturu hwavo.

Kunzwisisa Cyanide muTailings

Kunobva Cyanide muMigodhi Operations

Muindasitiri yemigodhi, cyanide inonyanya kushandiswa mukuita cyanidation, inova nzira yakajairika yekubvisa goridhe nesirivha kubva mumatombo avo. Maitiro acho anosanganisira kunyungudika kwegoridhe nesirivheri mune cyanide mhinduro, kugadzira soluble metal-cyanide complexes. Mushure mekuita kwekubvisa, miswe yakasara ine cyanide yakasara, inogona kunge iri mumhando ye cyanide yakasununguka (CN-), yakaoma cyanide (eg, metal-cyanide complexes yakadai seCu (CN) 32-), kana kuti isina kusimba cyanide. Iko kusanganiswa kwecyanide mumaswe kunogona kusiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita serudzi rweore, migodhi uye nzira dzekubvisa dzinoshandiswa, uye kugona kweiyo cyanide kudzoreredza maitiro.

Zvakatipoteredza uye Utano Njodzi dzeCyanide muTailings

Cyanide chinhu chine muchetura zvakanyanya chinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya nharaunda uye hutano hwevanhu. Munharaunda, cyanide inogona kuva muchetura kune zvipenyu zvemvura kunyange pakadzika zvakanyanya. Inogona kumisa kushanda kwakajairika kwemaseru nekukanganisa enzyme yekufema cytochrome oxidase, zvichitungamira mukushaikwa kweokisijeni uye pakupedzisira kufa. Pamusoro pezvo, cyanide inokwanisa kuita pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zviri mumhoteredzo kuumba mamwe makomisheni ane chepfu, senge hydrogen cyanide gasi, ine ngozi zvakanyanya kuhutano hwevanhu.

Kuvanhu, kuratidzwa kwecyanide kunogona kuitika kuburikidza nekufema, kunwa, kana kubata ganda. Kunyanya kuratidzwa kune yakakwira cyanide kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakaita semusoro, dzungu, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, kufema nekukurumidza, uye mumatambudziko akaomarara, zvinogona kutungamirira kucoma nerufu. Kugara kuratidzwa kune yakaderera mazinga ecyanide kunogona zvakare kuve nemhedzisiro yehutano hwenguva refu, kusanganisira kukuvadzwa kune tsinga system, thyroid gland, uye yekubereka.

Hypochlorite: Muparadzi Anobudirira weCyanide

Mhando dzeHypochlorite Inoshandiswa muCyanide Kurapa

Hypochlorite ikemikari yemakemikari ine Clo-ion. Mukurapwa kwe cyanide miswe, marudzi maviri anozivikanwa e hypochlorite anoshandiswa: sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) uye calcium hypochlorite (Ca (ClO) 2). Sodium hypochlorite imvura yakasvibira-yellow iyo iri nyore kubata uye kuchengeta. Inowanzo shandiswa mumaindasitiri ekushandisa nekuda kwekunyungudika kwayo uye nyore kwedosing. Calcium hypochlorite, kune rumwe rutivi, ichena yakasimba iyo yakagadzikana kupfuura sodium hypochlorite uye inogona kushandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo inodiwa yakawanda yakanyanyisa ye hypochlorite.

Reaction Mechanism yeHypochlorite ine Cyanide

Kuita pakati pe hypochlorite ne cyanide kunoitika munhevedzano yematanho. Padanho rekutanga, hypochlorite oxidize cyanide kuita cyanate (CNO-). Mhinduro yacho inogona kumiririrwa neinotevera equation:

CN- + ClO- → CNO- + Cl-

Kuita uku kunokurumidza uye kunoitika mumamiriro e alkaline. Cyanate inoumbwa padanho iri haina chepfu yakawanda kupfuura cyanide, asi inogona kuramba ichioxidized. Padanho rechipiri, cyanate inooxidized uye inooxidized zvakare kuti iumbwe. kabhoni diokisijeni (CO2), gasi renitrogen (N2), uye maion echloride (Cl-). Maitiro ese anogona kumiririrwa seizvi:

2CNO- + 3ClO- + H2O → 2CO2 + N2 + 3Cl- + 2OH-

Iyo yakakwana oxidation yecyanide kune zvisiri-chepfu zvigadzirwa zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwemisara yakarapwa uye kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Maitiro eHypochlorite Kurapa kweCyanide Tailings

Preatment of Tailings

Pamberi peiyo hypochlorite kurapwa maitiro, iyo cyanide tailings inowanzoda pretreatment kugadzirisa yavo yemuviri nemakemikari zvimiro. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira matanho akadai sekukora kuti kuderedze huwandu hwematailings slurry, pH kugadziriswa kuti igadzire iyo yakakwana alkaline mamiriro ekugadzirisa ne hypochlorite, uye kubviswa kwezvimwe zvimedu zvakasimba kana tsvina inogona kukanganisa nzira yekurapa.

Kuwedzera kweHypochlorite

Kana miswe yacho isati yatanga, hypochlorite inowedzerwa kune tailings slurry. Huwandu hwehypochlorite hunodiwa hunoenderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei, zvinosanganisira kutanga kuwanda kwe cyanide mumaswe, rudzi rwe hypochlorite inoshandiswa, uye chiyero chinodiwa chekuparadzwa kwecyanide. Kazhinji, kuwanda kwe hypochlorite kunowedzerwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuzadza oxidation ye cyanide. Iyo hypochlorite inogona kuwedzerwa nenzira yemhinduro kana yakasimba, zvichienderana nerudzi rwe hypochlorite uye chirongwa chekurapa.

Reaction Conditions uye Monitoring

Kuita pakati pe hypochlorite ne cyanide kunoitika pasi pemamiriro e alkaline, kazhinji pa pH range ye 10 - 12. Tembiricha yezvinoitika inogonawo kukanganisa chiyero chekuita, nekupisa kwepamusoro kunowanzo tungamira kune kukurumidza kuita. Nekudaro, mune mazhinji maindasitiri ekushandisa, maitiro anoitwa pane ambient tembiricha kuderedza mari yesimba.

Munguva yekurapa, zvakakosha kutarisa kuunganidzwa kwe cyanide, hypochlorite, uye mamwe ma parameter akadai pH uye tembiricha. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuongorora, dzakadai setitration, spectrophotometry, kana ion-selective electrodes. Kuongorora kunobvumira kugadziriswa kwemaitiro ekurapa kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti chiyero chinodiwa chekuparadzwa kwecyanide chinowanikwa uye kuti nzira yekurapa iri kushanda zvakanaka.

Mushure mekurapa uye Kuraswa

Mushure mekunge maitiro apera uye cyanide yave yaparadzwa zvinobudirira, machira akabatwa anogona kuenda kune mamwe matanho ekurapwa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kusarerekera kwepH kune imwe nhanho inogamuchirika kwezvakatipoteredza, kubviswa kwechero yakasara yakaomeswa kana mvura inonaya, uye kuongorora kwekupedzisira kuratidza kuti cyanide concentration mumatailings inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekutonga. Kana machira akarapwa achinge asangana nemaitiro ekurasa, anogona kuraswa zvakachengetedzeka nenzira yakakodzera, senge murairo remarara kana kuvharirwa kwemiswe.

Zvakanakira zveHypochlorite Kurapa

Kubudirira Kwakanyanya muKuparadza kweCyanide

Hypochlorite kurapwa kwakaratidzwa kuve inoshanda zvakanyanya mukuparadza cyanide mumaswe. Pasi pemamiriro akakodzera, inogona kuwana yakakwira dhigirii ye cyanide oxidation, ichidzikisa cyanide concentration kusvika kumatanho anosangana kana kutopfuura zvinotarisirwa. Uku kushanda kwepamusoro kunokonzerwa nesimba rakasimba re oxidizing ye hypochlorite, iyo inobvumira kuti iite nokukurumidza ne cyanide uye ishandure kune zvigadzirwa zvisina chepfu.

Mari-inoshanda

Inofananidzwa nedzimwe nzira dzekuita cyanide kurapwa, senge electrochemical oxidation kana ozone kurapwa, hypochlorite kurapwa inogona kunge isingadhuri. Mutengo wehypochlorite unowanzo kuderera pane wemamwe maoxidizing agents, uye michina uye maitirwo anodiwa ekurapa hypochlorite zviri nyore. Mukuwedzera, maitiro anogona kuitwa pane ambient tembiricha uye kumanikidza, kuderedza mari yesimba. Nekudaro, iyo chaiyo mutengo weiyo nzira yekurapa inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita seyero yekushanda, kuwanikwa kwehypochlorite, uye mutengo wekutakura uye kuraswa kwemachira akabatwa.

Kureruka kweKubata uye Kuchengeta

Sodium hypochlorite, kunyanya, iri nyore kubata uye kuchengeta. Imvura inogona kupomba zviri nyore uye kuiswa mukati memisara slurry. Calcium hypochlorite, kunyangwe yakasimba, inogona zvakare kuchengetwa uye kubatwa nekuchengetedza kwakaringana. Mhando mbiri mbiri dze hypochlorite dzakagadzikana pasi pemamiriro ekuchengetedza akajairwa, izvo zvinoita kuti dzive dzakakodzera kushandiswa mumabasa emigodhi uko kuchengetedza kwenguva refu uye kuwanikwa kwakavimbika kwakakosha.

Matambudziko uye Mafungiro

Zvinogoneka Kudivi Reactions

Kunyange zvazvo kurapwa kwe hypochlorite kunobudirira mukuparadza cyanide, panogona kuva nemigumisiro yemativi inogona kuitika. Semuenzaniso, hypochlorite inogona kuita nezvimwe zvinhu zviripo mumaswe, senge sulfides, thiosulfates, uye organic matter. Aya maitiro eparutivi anogona kupedza hypochlorite uye kuderedza kushanda kwayo mukuparadza cyanide. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe maitiro eparutivi anogona kuburitsa ne-zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuve nemamiriro ekunze kana hutano. Semuenzaniso, kuita kwe hypochlorite ne sulfides kunogona kubudisa sulfur dioxide gasi, iyo inosvibisa. Kuti uderedze maitiro epadivi aya, zvakakosha kunyatso ratidza matailings uye kukwidziridza maitiro ekurapa paramita.

Impact paTailings Properties

Kuwedzerwa kwe hypochlorite kune tailings kunogona zvakare kuve nemhedzisiro pane yemuviri uye kemikari zvimiro zvemaswe. Semuyenzaniso, iyo oxidation process inogona kukonzera shanduko mukuchaja kwepamusoro kwezvimedu zvematailings, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro avo ekugadzirisa uye kugona kweakasimba-mvura yekuparadzanisa maitiro. Pamusoro pezvo, kuvapo kweyakasara hypochlorite kana maitiro ayo ekuita mumachira akabatwa anogona kuve nemhedzisiro yekugadzikana kwenguva refu uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemaswe. Saka zvakakosha kufunga nezvezvinhu izvi paunenge uchigadzira nekushandisa iyo hypochlorite kurapwa maitiro.

Regulatory uye Safety Aspects

Kushandiswa kwe hypochlorite mu cyanide tailings kurapwa kunoenderana nekusimba kwekutonga zvinodiwa. Migodhi inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti nzira yekurapa inosangana nemirairo yese yezvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedza. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinodiwa pakuchengetedza, kubata, uye kuraswa kwehypochlorite, pamwe nekutarisa uye kushuma kwecyanide uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa mumaswe akabatwa. Mukuwedzera, hypochlorite isimbi yakasimba oxidizing uye inogona kuisa njodzi dzekuchengetedza kana isina kubatwa nemazvo. Zvakakosha kupa kudzidziswa kwakakodzera kune vashandi uye kushandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekuchengetedza, dzakadai sekushandiswa kwezvidziviriro zvekuzvidzivirira uye kuiswa kwemichina yekuchengetedza munzvimbo yekurapa.

mhedziso

Hypochlorite kurapwa inzira inoshanda uye inoshanda yekuparadza cyanide mumaswe. Inopa zvakati wandei mabhenefiti, kusanganisira kushanda kwakanyanya mukuparadza cyanide, mutengo-kushanda, uye nyore kubata uye kuchengetedza. Kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvezviitiko, takaona kuti mabasa mazhinji emigodhi akabudirira kuita maitiro ekurapa ehypochlorite kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvekuteedzera kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuvandudza kushanda kwavo kwese kwese.

Nekudaro, senge chero nzira yekurapa, hypochlorite kurapwa zvakare ine matambudziko ayo uye kufunga kwayo. Zvinogona kuitika padivi, zvinokanganisa zvivakwa zvematailings, uye zvekudzora nekuchengetedza zvinhu zvinoda kunyatsogadziriswa. Nekunzwisisa zvinhu izvi uye nekugadzirisa maitiro ekurapa, migodhi inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kunoshanda kushandiswa kwe hypochlorite mukurapa kwecyanide tailings.

Sezvo indasitiri yezvicherwa ichiramba yakatarisana nekuwedzera kuongororwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kusimudzira uye kuita nzira dzakasimba uye dzinoshanda dzekurapa cyanide, senge hypochlorite kurapwa, ichaita basa rakakosha mukuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemabasa emigodhi nekuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda.