Sodium Cyanide Ngozi: Zvaunoda Kuziva

Musi waAugust 12. 2015. kuputika kwakaitika pa makemikari ane njodzi imba yekuchengetera zvinhu yeRuihai International Logistics Company muBinhai New Area yeTianjin, China. Kuputika uku kwakanyoresa ukuru hunosvika 2.9 pachiyero che Near Earthquake Magnitude (inowanzonzi ML), inoenzana nematani makumi maviri nerimwe eTNT. Maererano nenhamba, kuputika uku kwakakonzera kukanganisa kune zvishoma 21 motokari pedyo ne epicenter, uye kubva pa10.000 PM musi waAugust 3. 25. yakanga yaguma nekufa kwe2015 kwakasimbiswa, avo vose vakaonekwa. Sezvo vashandi vakakodzera vakaita tsvakiridzo yakakwana panzvimbo yetsaona, zvakaonekwa kuti paive ne135 matani e Sodium cyanide (NaCN) munzvimbo yepakati pekuputika, iyo inopeta ka70 kupfuura inobvumidzwa nemutemo muganhu wekuchengetedza makemikoro ane ngozi akadaro! Kuonekwa kwakangoerekana kwawanda kwekemikari iyi ine ngozi kwakangoerekana kwamutsa kunetseka pakati pemapato akasiyana. Chii Sodium Cyanide? Chii sodium cyanide kushandiswa? Vashandi vanofanirwa kubata sei kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nesodium cyanide kuputika? Iyi yese mibvunzo ine chekuita neruzhinji.

Chii chinonzi sodium cyanide?

Cyanides inozivikanwa seimwe yezvinhu zvine chepfu, uye akawanda ane simba rodenticides ane cyanides. Kwenguva refu, Cyanides vave vachionekwa nevoruzhinji sa "mambo wechepfu," anokwanisa kukonzera rufu kana akadya. Munhu akafukidzwa nehombe ye cyanide anogona kurasikirwa nekuziva uye kuona kusungwa kwemwoyo mukati me2-3 maminetsi, zvichiita kuti kufa nokukurumidza. Cyanides inozivikanwa nekukurumidzira uye inouraya. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, mauto eGermany marshal Erwin Rommel, anozivikanwa se "Desert Fox" uye "Eagle of the Empire," akatora cyanide (potassium cyanide) kuti apedze hupenyu hwake.

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) imhando ye cyanide, inoratidzika semachena ecrystalline granules kana hupfu ine kunhuhwirira kunovava kwearumondi. Kufanana nemacyanides ose, sodium cyanide ine chepfu zvikuru; kusangana nemaronda eganda, kufemerwa, kana kupinza kunyange diki (5% yeteapuni) inogona kutungamirira kune inouraya cyanide poisoning. Sodium cyanide inogona kuora kana paine mvura pasi pemamiriro eaerobic, ichigadzira magasi ane muchetura akadai sehydrogen cyanide (HCN) uye kabhoni monoxide. Inogona kunyungudutsa simbi dzakakosha segoridhe nesirivheri pamberi peokisijeni, ichigadzira makemikari ane muchetura. Uyezve, sodium cyanide inogona kuita zvechisimba ne nitrate uye nitrites, zvinogona kukonzera kuputika. Kunyangwe inotyisa huturu, iyo yakasarudzika zvimiro zvesodium cyanide inoita kuti ive yakakosha yakakosha kemikari mbishi zvinhu munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira michina, electroplating, metallurgy, uye mishonga.

Chii chinoshandiswa nesodium cyanide?

Sekureva kwevagadziri vechikamu ichi chesodium cyanide, matani mazana manomwe anowanikwa munzvimbo yepakati pekuputika akagadzirirwa kutengeswa kunze kwenyika. Zvisinei, mumwe haagoni kubatsira asi kushamisika: sodium cyanide ine ngozi zvikuru, saka nei kune kudiwa kwakanyanya kwakadaro? Chii chinonzi sodium cyanide inoshandiswa? Muchokwadi, sodium cyanide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri epasirese, uye yekutanga application iri mukuchera goridhe. Kana zviri zvekucherwa kwegoridhe, vanhu vanogona kuramba vachizvibatanidza nekumhanya mhanya kwegoridhe muzana remakore rechi700 munguva yeChinjo yeIndasitiri, asi kucherwa kwegoridhe kwemazuva ano kwakachinja zvikuru kubva kare.

Vamwe vangafunga nomuzvarirwo kuti mugodhi wegoridhe unofanira kuzadzwa nendarama, asi chokwadi chakasiyana: paavhareji, munongova neanenge magiramu mana egoridhe mutani yegoridhe. Hapana mugodhi wegoridhe munyika umo goridhe rakachena (goridhe nuggets) rinogona kutorwa zvakananga; chinocherwa ihuruva yegoridhe rakanatswa paruware. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuigadzirisa. Vachisundwa nekudiwa kwemusika kwakasimba uye purofiti inokwezva, vashandi vemigodhi havazotarise matombo ane goridhe rakaderera se4%. Kuti uwane huwandu hwepamusoro hwekudzoreredza (kubvisa goridhe rakawanda) kubva kune aya ores, tekinoroji yekunatsa yemazuva ano inoita basa rakakosha, iro rinopa nzvimbo yakakosha yekushandiswa kwesodium cyanide.

Kazhinji, kucheneswa kwegoridhe kunosanganisira matanho mana: kuchera, kugadzira ore, kunyungudutsa, uye kunatsa. Chakavanzika chekuchera goridhe chiri mukunyungudutswa nekunatswa. Mushure mekuchera uye kupfekedza ore, iyo ore yegoridhe inogadzika kuita slurry, uye imwe huwandu hwemakemikari reagents inowedzerwa kune slurry. Ikemikari reagents inobva yaita nokukurumidza ne slurry, zvichiita kuti ion dzegoridhe dzibatanidze pamusoro pemabhuru ari mu slurry, zvichiita kuti chii chinonzi "dhaka regoridhe." Zvadaro, chikamu chakati chesodium cyanide solution chinowedzerwa kumatope egoridhe, uye mushure mekunyunguduka kwepamusoro-soro, goridhe rinoparadzaniswa nemashiripiti kubva kune dzimwe tsvina, richiva goridhe rakanyungudutswa. Ndarama yakanyungudutswa inobva yatenderwa kuti itonhorese, uye inogona kukandwa muzvidhinha zvegoridhe, mbariro, kana ingots, ichipedzisa basa rese rekunatsa goridhe. Saka, zviri pachena kuti sodium cyanide inoita basa rakakosha mukuita kwakaoma uye kwakaoma pakunatsa goridhe, ndosaka indasitiri yemakemikari ichinyanya kushandisa iyi kemikari ine ngozi.

Tsanangudzo yemufananidzo: Hutsi hutema hutema hwakabuda panguva yeTianjin Ruihai Logistics Company ine ngozi kuputika kwekemikari musi wa12 Nyamavhuvhu kunoputira denga rose.

Maitiro ekupindura uye kubata kusvibiswa kwesodium cyanide?

Parizvino, vashandi vakakodzera vakabata nemazana ematani e sodium cyanide panzvimbo yenjodzi: vakaputira zvikamu zvakaratidzwa uye vakapfapfaidza hydrogen peroxide kuti iite zvishoma; nokuda kwenzvimbo dzakakura dzokurasa, vakavaka rusvingo pamusoro pemita imwe yakakwirira nevhu kana jecha kuti rigare; madhiramu asina kusimba akadzoserwa nekukasika kumakambani anoenderana kuti ashandiswe nemazvo.

Paive nerunyerekupe rwekuti gasi rinoputika rakagadzirwa nekuputika kweawa yakawanda yesodium cyanide panzvimbo yetsaona yaizove nehupfu hwakanyanya kana vasangana nemvura, zvichikonzera kutya kukuru pakati pevagari vakakurudzirwa kuti vasabatwa nemvura. Ichokwadi kuti sodium cyanide inogona kuburitsa gasi rine muchetura wehydrogen cyanide kana yasangana neasidhi, asi gasi iri rakareruka uye rinokurumidza kunyungudika mumhepo. Nokudaro, kunyange kana kuchinaya, hapana chikonzero chekutya kukuru, sezvo kusanganiswa kwehydrogen cyanide mumvura inonaya inenge yatove yakadzikiswa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekunyungudutswa mumhepo, zvichiita kuti zvisaitike kukuvadza muviri wemunhu. Injiniya mukuru weTianjin Environmental Protection Bureau muChina akataurawo kuti data rese rekutarisa remhepo, mvura, uye ivhu munzvimbo yakatenderedza tsaona parizvino rinosangana nezviyero, uye data rese rakarurama uye rakavimbika. Akakurudzira vagari kuti vadzokere kubasa ravo nehupenyu nekukurumidza. Vashandi vakakodzera vakurudzira kuti, senzira yekuzvidzivirira, vagari venzvimbo iyi vanofanirwa kudzivisa kunwa kubva kumvura ine tsvina uye kugara kure nenzvimbo yesodium cyanide biotreatment kudzamara magasi ane muchetura anyungudika zvakakwana mumhepo kuti asvike pakachengeteka asati apinda.