Inoshanda Emergency Solutions yeSodium Cyanide Kurasika

Sodium cyanide chinhu chine muchetura zvakanyanya chinowanzoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemaindasitiri, kusanganisira migodhi nekugadzira makemikari. Kuburitswa kwetsaona kwe sodium cyanide inogona kuburitsa hydrocyanic acid (HCN) uye cyanide ions (CN-), ichiisa njodzi huru kune hutano uye nharaunda. Kana zviitiko zvakadaro zvikaitika, nzira dzemhinduro dzechimbichimbi panguva uye dzinoshanda dzakakosha kudzikisira njodzi dzine chekuita nekuratidzwa kwecyanide. Pano, isu tinotsanangura nzira nhatu dzakajairika dzekupindura kwechimbichimbi: alkaline chlorination, acid-base neutralization, uye yakaoma absorption.

1. Alkaline chlorination nzira

Alkaline chlorination ndiyo imwe yenzira dzinoshanda dzekurapa Sodium Cyanide anoteuka. Iyi nzira inoshandisa kudzikisira zvimiro zve cyanide ions, iyo inogona kuve neoxidized neakasimba oxidants. Maoxidants akajairika anoshandiswa nenzira iyi anosanganisira kuchenesa hupfu (calcium hypochlorite) uye yavaibvisa hypochlorite.

Kana maoxidants aya asangana neiyo cyanide ions, kemikari inoitika inoshandura chepfu CN- kuita isiri-chepfu byproducts senge kabhoni dhaidhiyoni (CO2) uye nitrogen (N2). Shanduko iyi inonyatso kudzikamisa huturu hwecyanide, ichiita kuti ive nehushamwari.

Maitiro acho anoda akanyatso kudzora mamiriro kuti ave nechokwadi chakazara oxidation uye kudzivirira kuumbwa kwepakati chepfu chepfu. Vanopindura vanofanirwa kunyatso tarisisa maitiro uye kutevedzera kuchengetedza mapuroteni kuti vadzivise chero mhedzisiro isingatarisirwe.

2. Acid-base neutralization nzira

Imwe nzira yakajairika yekubata nayo Sodium cyanide kurashikirwa iacid-base neutralization. Iyi nzira inotora mukana weiyo isina simba acidity yehydrocyanic acid, iyo inogona kuderedzwa nehwaro hwakasimba. Kazhinji neutralizers inosanganisira limewater (calcium hydroxide), caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), uye ammonia (ammonium hydroxide).

Iyo neutralization reaction inoburitsa isingaite inovhuvhuta munyu yakasikwa inobatsira kudzora iyo hydrocyanic acid. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iyo inokonzeresa aqueous solution ichiri muchetura uye inofanirwa kuunganidzwa uye kugadziridzwa zvakare kuitira kuchengetedza.

Uye zvakare, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kudzora kupararira kweiyo neutralization mhinduro, nekuti kabhoni dhaidhiokisi mumhepo inogona kutsiva cyanide mumushonga wemvura, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwechipiri. Nokudaro, vanunuri vanofanira kushandisa matanho akasimba ekudzivirira kudzivirira kupararira kwezvinhu zvine chepfu.

3. Complexation absorption nzira

Iyo yakaoma absorption nzira yakavakirwa pane pfuma iyo cyanide ions inogona kugadzira macomplexes ane mamwe maion simbi (senge sirivheri nemhangura). Kana cyanide ions ikasangana neayoni esimbi aya, masimbi asina chepfu anoumbwa, senge silver cyanide complexes uye copper cyanide complexes.

Iyi nzira inoshandisa activated carbon semutakuri wesimbi ions. Kana sirivheri kana mhangura cyanide complexes yakanamirwa pamusoro peiyo activated kabhoni, inogona kuita nehydrocyanic acid kuti iumbe yakagadzika, isiri-chepfu macomplexes, ayo asingangobatsiri detoxify asiwo ane mhedzisiro yekuuraya utachiona nzvimbo yakakanganisika.

Kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza uye matanho ekupikisa

Pamusoro penzira dzekurapa dziri pamusoro, zvakakoshawo kutora matanho ekuchengetedza kana paine sodium cyanide inodonha. Kutanga, vashandi vekununura vanofanira kufambisa chero cyanide panzvimbo yetsaona kunzvimbo yakachengeteka kudzivirira kukanganisa kwepakiti uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kunotevera.

Muchiitiko chemoto wecyanide, vanunuri vanofanira kushandisa mvura yakapfapfaidza kudzima moto. Izvo zvakakosha kuti usashandise acidic kana alkaline yekudzimisa maajenti sezvo anogona kuwedzera mamiriro ezvinhu uye kukonzera kuburitswa kwemamwe magasi ane chepfu.

Pamusoro pezvo, kana hydrogen cyanide ichidonha, inorambidzwa zvachose kushandisa yakananga pfapfaidzo yechitatu-mu-imwe nzira yekuuraya utachiona, sezvo nzira iyi inogona kuita nyore kuti zvinhu zvine chepfu ive maaerosols, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekufumurwa kwevashandi uye nharaunda yakapoteredza.

pakupedzisa

Sodium cyanide spills inoda kukurumidza uye inoshanda yekupindura matanho ekuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Alkaline chlorination, acid-base neutralization, uye yakaoma absorption inzira nhatu dzakajairika dzekurapa dzinogona kuderedza njodzi dzine chekuita nekuratidzwa kwecyanide.

Nekudaro, vanopindura vanofanirwa kutevedzera maprotocol ekuchengetedza uye kuita matanho ekudzivirira kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwechipiri uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi vese vanobatanidzwa mukuedza kwekupindura. Nekunzwisisa uye nekushandisa idzi nzira dzekupindura kwechimbichimbi, indasitiri inogona kugadzirira zvirinani uye kupindura kune sodium cyanide kupera, pakupedzisira ichideredza mukana wekukuvara.