Yakakosha Matanho Ekuchengetedza Kana Uchishanda neSodium Cyanide

I. Kutanga

Cyanide sodium, kemikari ine muchetura zvakanyanya, inoda kuomerera kumitemo yekuchengetedza kana yabatwa. Nekugona kwayo kukonzeresa kukuvadza kwakanyanya uye kunyange kuisa hupenyu mungozi, kunzwisisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekubata Sodium Cyanide inokosha zvikuru. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora nzira dzakasiyana dzekuchengetedza uye matanho anofanirwa kutorwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekubata kwakachengeteka kwechinhu ichi chine njodzi.

II. Kunzwisisa Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide is an inorganic compound ine kemikari formula NaCN. Inowanzoita seichena crystalline granules kana poda, iyo inowanzoita deliquescence. Iine kunhuhwirira, kunhuhwirira kwealmond. Mushonga uyu unonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura, uye mhinduro yawo ine aqueous inoratidza yakasimba alkalinity. Sodium cyanide yakakosha kemikari mbishi zvinhu, kuwana mashandisirwo akawandisa mundima dzakadai seyakakosha makemikari synthesis, electroplating, metallurgy, uye organic synthesis yemishonga nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene. Iyo inoshanda seyakaomesesa agent uye masking agent, ichiita basa rakakosha mune akasiyana maindasitiri maitiro. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekunyanyisa kwayo Toxicity, inoda chiyero chepamusoro chekuchenjerera uye matanho ekuchengetedza panguva yekubata.

III. Kuchengetedza Kwakakosha

III.1 Zvishandiso Zvekuzvidzivirira Pamunhu (PPE)

Pakubata sodium cyanide, kusarudzwa kwakakodzera uye kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemidziyo yekuzvidzivirira kwakakosha. Chekutanga, yemhando yepamusoro guruva mask inofanira kusarudzwa. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa masiki anosangana nezviyero zveN95 kana pamusoro munyika dzakaita seUnited States, kana FFP2 kana pamusoro muEurope. Aya masiki anogona kusefa kunze zvakanaka zvimedu zve Sodium cyanide guruva, kudzivirira inhalation. Paunenge wakapfeka mask, ita shuwa kuti snug inokodzera pamhino nemuromo, isina maburi ekudzivirira chero kuvuza.

Chechipiri, nokuda kwekudzivirira kwemaoko, marudzi akasiyana-siyana emagetsi anowanikwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Kana uchibata yakasimba sodium cyanide, gobvu, makemikari anodzivirira magirovhosi akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita se nitrile rabha anodiwa. Ivo vanopa yakanaka abrasion kuramba uye vanogona kudzivirira kupinda kwekemikari. Paunenge uchibata ne sodium cyanide mhinduro, kunze kwekupikisa kwemakemikari, magirovhosi anofanirwa kuve nekuita kuri nani kusapinda kwemvura. Zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza magirovhosi akanyatsogadzirirwa kubata zvinwiwa zvinoparadza. Mushure mekushandisa magirovhosi, anofanirwa kubviswa zvakanaka kuti asasvibisa dzimwe nzvimbo uye anyatsogezwa nemvura inoyerera.

Chekupedzisira, magirazi emakemikari ekupfapfaidza akakosha kuchengetedza maziso. Aya magogi anofanirwa kuve nenzvimbo yakafara yekuona uye chisimbiso chakanaka kudzivirira chero splashes ye sodium cyanide solution kubva mumaziso. Dzinofanirwawo kusapindirana nemhedzisiro kudzivirira kukuvadzwa netsaona. Paunenge uchipfeka magirazi, gadzirisa tambo kuti uve nechokwadi chekugadzikana uye chakachengeteka kukwana.

III.2 Kudzivirira Kufema uye Kubata Ganda

Kudzivirira inhalation yesodium cyanide guruva kana gasi, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi chekufema kwakanaka munzvimbo yebasa. Isa maepoust ventilation masisitimu emunharaunda pedyo nenzvimbo yekubata kuti akurumidze kubvisa chero zvimedu zvemhepo. Paunenge uchivhura midziyo yesodium cyanide kana kuita maoparesheni anogona kuburitsa huruva, sekuyera kana kutamisa, ita izvi nekunonoka uye nekuchenjerera kuderedza kupararira kweguruva. Vashandi vanofanirwawo kudzivirira kumira pasi pemhepo yekuvhiya kuti vaderedze njodzi yekufema.

Kudzivirira kubata kweganda kunokosha zvakaenzana. Nguva dzose pfeka zvipfeko zvekushanda zvine maoko marefu uye tirauzi kuvhara ganda zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Dzivisa kupfeka zvipfeko zvine maburi kana misodzi inogona kuburitsa ganda. Kana wasangana netsaona nesodium cyanide, pakarepo bvisa zvipfeko zvakasvibiswa uye geza nzvimbo yakakanganiswa zvakakwana nemvura inoyerera kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Kana pane maronda akazaruka kana mabrasions paganda, kuchenjerera kunofanira kutorwa kudzivirira kusangana, sezvo kemikari inogona kupinda mumuviri nyore nyore kuburikidza nenzvimbo idzi.

III.3 Dziviriro Yeziso

Pamusoro pekupfeka magirazi emakemikari esplash, zvinodikanwa kuve nezviteshi zvekukurumidzira zvekuwachira maziso zviri nyore munzvimbo yebasa. Kana sodium cyanide ikasangana nemeso, sukurudza maziso nekukurumidza nemvura yakawanda yakachena, inoyerera kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Usakwesha maziso, sezvo izvi zvinogona kukonzera kumwe kukuvadza. Rereka musoro zvishoma kudivi kuti mvura iyerere pamusoro peziso rose. Mushure mekugeza, tsvaga kurapwa nekukurumidza. Kunyange kana pasina zviratidzo zvinokurumidza, zvichiri kukurudzirwa kuva nenyanzvi yekuongorora kuti ibvise chero kukanganisa kunogona kuitika.

III.4 Kubatwa Kwekuparara

Muchiitiko chekuparara kwe sodium cyanide, zvakakosha kuita nekukurumidza uye nekudzikama. Kutanga, pakarepo bvisa nzvimbo yacho kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi. Vashandi vakadzidziswa zvechimbichimbi chete vakapfeka PPE yakakodzera ndivo vanofanira kusvika panzvimbo inorasikira. Shandisa purasitiki kana foshoro isingapisi kuti unyatsotora yakateuka sodium cyanide woiendesa mumudziyo wakachena, wakavharwa. Dzivisa kushandisa maturusi esimbi anogona kuita nekemikari. Zvinhu zvinonyura zvakaita severmiculite kana jecha rakaoma zvinogona kushandiswa kunyudza zvidiki zvidiki zvemvura yadeuka, asi zvinofanirwa kuraswa zvakanaka mushure. Usabvumira yakateuka sodium cyanide kuti isanganise nemvura kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera kemikari kuita. Kana kurasika kwave kurimo, bata vezvemamiriro ekunze nekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo kuti uwane nhungamiro yakakodzera yekurasa.

III.5 Chemical Compatibility

Sodium cyanide inofanira kuchengetedzwa kure nemaasidhi uye mabhesi asina simba nguva dzese. Kana yasangana nemaasidhi, inogona kukurumidza kuburitsa muchetura wehydrogen cyanide gasi, inoisa njodzi kuhupenyu. Naizvozvo, usachengeta maasidhi kana mabhesi asina simba munzvimbo imwechete sesodium cyanide. Paunenge uchibata sodium cyanide, ita shuwa kuti nzvimbo yebasa uye chero maturusi anoshandiswa haana maasidhi kana ekutanga masara. Kana paine njodzi yekusangana netsaona, iva nekukurumidzira kufefetedza uye gasi rekuona midziyo panzvimbo yekukurumidza kupindura kune chero inogona kuburitswa gasi.

III.6 Mamiriro Ekuchengetedza

Nzvimbo yekuchengetedza yesodium cyanide inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba. Zvichengete munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma, uye ine mhepo yakanaka. Tembiricha yakaringana iri pakati pe10°C kusvika 25°C, sezvo tembiricha yepamusoro ichigona kukurumidzisa kuora kwekemikari. Hunyoro hunofanirwa kuchengetwa huri pasi pe60% kudzivirira kubatwa kwemwando, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuumbwa kwehydrogen cyanide gasi. Shandisa midziyo yakavharwa yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinopikisa sodium cyanide, zvakadai sepamusoro-density polyethylene kana simbi isina tsvina. Nyora mumidziyo zvakajeka nezita, fungidziro, uye nyevero dzengozi dzekemikari. Chengetedza midziyo pamasherufu kana maraki paurefu hwakakodzera kudzivirira kukuvara netsaona. Gara uchiongorora nzvimbo yekuchengetera uye midziyo kana paine zviratidzo zvekudonha kana kukuvadzwa.

IV. Emergency Response

IV.1 Matanho eKubatsira Kwekutanga

Kana ukafemerwa netsaona guruva resodium cyanide kana gasi, kurumidza kutamisa munhu wacho kunzvimbo ine mhepo yakachena ine mhepo yakachena. Sunungura chero hembe dzakasimba pamutsipa nepachipfuva kuti kufema kuve nyore. Kana munhu wacho achitadza kufema kana kuti akarega kufema, kurumidza kufema. Zvisinei, dzivisa muromo-ku-muromo kumutsidzira uye shandisa bhegi-vharuvhu-mask kana zvimwe zvakakodzera kufema midziyo kana iripo. Dana rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi uye ramba uchifema kusvika rubatsiro rwasvika.

Kana sodium cyanide ikasangana neganda, kurumidza kubvisa chero zvipfeko zvakasvibiswa. Geza nzvimbo yakakanganiswa zvakakwana nemvura yakawanda inoyerera kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Shandisa sipo yakapfava kana zvichidikanwa, asi dzivisa kukwesha zvine simba sezvo zvingakuvadza ganda. Mushure mekugeza, vhara nzvimbo yacho nemucheka wakachena, wakaoma uye tsvaga kurapwa nekukasika.

Muchiitiko chekutarisa kwemaziso, pakarepo penya maziso nemvura yakawanda yakachena, inoyerera kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Isa musoro kudivi kuti uone kuti mvura inosvika kumativi ese eziso. Usakwesha maziso nekuti zvinogona kukonzera kumwe kukuvadza. Mushure mekugeza, chengetedza maziso akavhara uye tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba pakarepo.

Kana sodium cyanide ikabatwa netsaona, usaite kurutsa kunze kwekunge warairwa nenyanzvi dzezvokurapa. Inwa mvura yakawanda kana mukaka pakarepo kuti uwedzere kemikari mudumbu. Dana rubatsiro rwezvehutano hwekukurumidzira uye ugovapa ruzivo rwakawanda sezvinobvira pamusoro pekupinza, sehuwandu uye nguva yekudya.

IV.2 Njodzi dzeMoto neKuputika

Kunyangwe sodium cyanide pachayo isingabatike, inogona kuburitsa muchetura wehydrogen cyanide gasi kana ichipisa kusvika pakuora. Muchiitiko chemoto unosanganisira sodium cyanide, vanodzima moto vanofanira kupfeka giya rekudzivirira rakazara, zvinosanganisira midziyo yekufema-yega (SCBA), sutu dzinodzivirira kemikari, magurovhosi, uye bhutsu. Shandisa kemikari yakaoma yehupfu, carbon dioxide, kana zvimwe zvinodzimisa zvakakodzera kuti udzime moto. Dzivisa kushandisa mvura sezvo inogona kuita nesodium cyanide uye kuburitsa mamwe magasi ane chepfu. Budai munzvimbo yakatenderedza muchinhambwe chakachengeteka uye kudzivirira chero munhu kupinda muutsi kana gasi pombi. Mushure mekunge moto wadzima, bata yakasara sodium cyanide uye chero zvinhu zvakasvibiswa nekuchenjerera kwakanyanya kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwechipiri.

V. Kudzidziswa uye Kuziva

Kudzidziswa kwakakodzera kwevashandi kubata sodium cyanide hakugone kutaurirana. Vese vashandisi vanofanirwa kuwana kudzidziswa kwakadzama kunosanganisira ruzivo rwakadzama rwezvakaita kemikari, njodzi dzinogona kuitika, uye mabatiro chaiwo. Kudzidziswa uku hakufanire kungobata mabasa ezuva nezuva chete asiwo mamiriro ekukurumidzira.

Nguva dzose kuchengetedza drills uye simulations zvakakosha kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vashandi vanogona kupindura nokukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kana pakaitika tsaona. Madhiri aya anofanirwa kutevedzera mamiriro ehupenyu chaiwo sekudururwa, kubuda, kana kubuda netsaona. Nekutora chikamu muzviitwa izvi, vashandi vanojairana nemaprotocol ekupindura kwechimbichimbi, kusanganisira mashandisiro emidziyo yekuchengetedza, kubuda munzvimbo, uye kupa rubatsiro rwekutanga.

Uyezve, dzidzo inoenderera mberi uye makosi ekuvandudza zvakakosha kuti vashandi varambe vachivandudzwa pamitemo yazvino yekuchengetedza uye maitiro akanaka. Sezvo tsvakiridzo nyowani kana zviitiko zvine chekuita nesodium cyanide kubata zvinobuda, zvakakosha kuti vashandisi vaziviswe uye vagadzirise maitiro avo zvinoenderana. Iyi inoenderera mberi yekudzidza inobatsira kuchengetedza danho repamusoro rekuziva nezvekuchengetedza uye kugona munzvimbo yebasa.

VI. Mhedziso

Mukupedzisa, kubata sodium cyanide kunoda iyo yakanyanya mwero yekuchenjerera uye kuomerera kwakasimba kumapuroteni ekuchengetedza. Migumisiro inogona kuitika yekusabata muchetura uyu musanganiswa wakakomba, kwete chete kune vanhu vanobatanidzwa zvakananga asiwo kune nharaunda yakapoteredza. Nekunzwisisa nekushandisa matanho anodiwa ekuchengetedza, tinogona kuderedza njodzi dzine chekuita nesodium cyanide kubata. Kuenderera mberi kudzidziswa uye kuziva kwakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti vashandi vese vanogara vakagadziridzwa pane zvazvino kuchengetedza maitiro. Yeuka, kuchengeteka ibasa rinogoveranwa, uye ngwariro iri yose inotorwa nhasi inogona kudzivirira njodzi inogona kuitika mangwana.