Ndeapi mabasa e sodium sulfide mukudhaya nedhayi dzesarufa?

ziviso

Indasitiri yemachira inovimba zvakanyanya nayo Maitiro ekudhaya kuwedzera ruvara uye aesthetic kukwezva kune machira. Pakati pemakemikari akasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa, Sodium sulfide inoita basa rakakosha, kunyanya mune mamwe marudzi enzira dzekudhaya. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa mune chaiwo mabasa uye kukosha kwe sodium sulfide mumamiriro ekudhaya.

Chemical Properties yeSodium Sulfidi

Sodium sulfide, ine kemikari formula Na₂S (inowanzo sangana seyayo hydrate Na₂S·9H₂O), haina ruvara, mvura - inonyungudika munyu. Kana yakanyungudutswa mumvura, inoumba yakasimba alkaline mhinduro. Iyi alkalinity chinhu chakakosha chinobatsira mukushanda kwayo mukudhaya maitiro. Pamusoro pezvo, sodium sulfide ine simba rekudzikisa, iyo inobvumira kuti itore chikamu mune redox maitiro ayo akakosha kune akawanda machira ekudhaya.

Sodium Sulfide muSulfur Dye Synthesis

Kukurudzira Dye Intermediate Shanduko

Dhayi dzesarufa dzakakosha muindasitiri yemachira, kunyanya kugadzira mavara akasviba kunge dema uye navy. Sodium sulfide yakakosha mukuumbwa kwedhayi idzi. Inokurudzira kushandurwa kwemavara edhayi. Semuenzaniso, mukuita kwemamines anonhuhwirira kana phenols ane sarufa kana polysulfides kuumba Sulfur dhayi, sodium sulfide inoshanda seyakagadziriswa inobatsira kufambisa mhinduro mberi. Inogona kutora chikamu mukuita kunounza sulfur - ine mapoka mune dhayi chimiro, izvo zvakakosha kune ruvara - kugadzira zvimiro zvekupedzisira dhayi chigadzirwa.

Impact paFinal Dye Product Performance

Kuvapo kwesodium sulfide panguva yesarufa dhayi synthesis zvakare inokanganisa kuita kwedhayi yekupedzisira. Inogona kupesvedzera zvimiro zvakaita sekumhanya kwemavara, kureruka, uye kusimba kwemavara edhayi. Nekudzora maitiro ekuita ne sodium sulfide, vagadziri vanogona kukwidziridza zvivakwa izvi kuti zvisangane nezvinodiwa zveakasiyana machira ekushandisa. Semuenzaniso, huwandu hwakakodzera hwesodium sulfide hunogona kuita kuti dhayi ireruke, zvichiita kuti jira rakadhayiwa rirambe rakaita ruvara rwaro kana rakavhenekwa nezuva kwenguva yakareba.

Sodium sulfide muDyeing Maitiro

SeMumiririri Anoderedza

1.Kuderedza Sulfur Dyes yeKutora

Madhayi eSulfur, munharaunda yavo yekuzvarwa, haana kunyungudika mumvura uye haakwanise kubatanidza zvakananga pamucheka. Sodium sulfide inoshanda sechinhu chine simba chekudzikisa. Iyo inoderedza dhayi dzesarufa, kutyora sulfur - sulfur zvisungo mukati medhayi mamorekuru. Iyi nzira yekudzikisa inoshandura iyo isinganyunguke dhayi dzesarufa kuita inonyungudika, isina ruvara mafomu anozivikanwa seleuco - makomisheni kana sodium munyu weleuco - fomu (mune alkaline medium). Semuyenzaniso, mune yakajairika sarufa dema dhayi, sodium sulfide anopindirana pamwe dhayi Morekuru, kupa maerekitironi kuputsa sarufa - sarufa linkages uye kuumba soluble mhando inogona kubatwa nejira.

2.Kuchengetedza Nzvimbo Inoderedza

Munguva yekugadzira dhayi, zvakakosha kuchengetedza nharaunda inodzikisira kudzivirira iyo isati yasvika oxidation yedhayi yakaderedzwa. Sodium sulfide inoenderera mberi ichiita senge inodzikisa mumiriri mukati mekuita, kuve nechokwadi chekuti leuco - fomu yedhayi inoramba yakagadzikana. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti kana iyo leuco - fomu yakashongedzwa nekukasira, inodzokera kune isingagone kunyungudika uye haizokwanise kupinda mumucheka zvakanaka. Simba rekudzikisa sodium sulfide nderekuti rinogona kurwisa chero maoxidizing agents angave aripo mudhayi yekugezesa, senge okisijeni yakanyungudika kubva mumhepo.

Semupi weAlkalinity

1.Dye Solubilization

Pamusoro pekudzikisa kwayo basa, sodium sulfide inobatsira kune alkalinity yedhayi yekugezesa. Iyo alkaline yemhando yemhinduro inobatsira mukunyorovesa iyo yakaderedzwa sarufa dhayi. Kana madhayi esarufa akaderedzwa ne sodium sulfide, anoumba leuco - acids. Iyo alkaline nharaunda yakapihwa nesodium sulfide inobva yaita kuti leuco - acids idzi dziite, dzichivashandura kuita mafomu avo emunyu wesodium, ayo anonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura. Iyi solubilization inokosha pakugovera yunifomu yedhayi mubhati yedhayi uye iyo inotevera inotorwa nemucheka.

2.Fiber Kuzvimba uye Dye Kupinda

Iyo alkalinity kubva ku sodium sulfide inoitawo kuti ma fiber ari mumucheka azvimbe zvishoma. Kumafibhi echisikigo akaita sedonje, mhinduro yealkaline inovhiringa hydrogen bonding mukati mefiber structure, zvichiita kuti ive yakawanda. Kuzvimba uku kunobvumira mamorekuru edhayi akaderedzwa kupinda zviri nyore mukati mefiber. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nzira yekudhaya inowedzera kushanda, uye kupenya kwemavara uye nekukurumidza kunovandudzwa.

Sechiyamuro chekudhaya chekuvandudza Hunhu

1.Enhancing Dye Uptake uye Levelness

Sodium sulfide inogona kusimudzira kutora kwedhayi pajira. Iyo sodium ions inoburitswa kubva sodium sulfide mudhayi yekugezesa inogona kupindirana nenzvimbo dzisina kuchena dzakapomerwa pamusoro pefiber surface (munyaya ye cellulosic fibers sekotoni, iyo ine zvishoma zvakashata mhosva nekuda kwekuvapo kwemapoka ehydroxyl). Kudyidzana uku kunobatsira kuwedzera kukwezvana pakati pemamorekuru edhayi uye fiber, zvichikurudzira kutora dhayi zviri nani. Uyezve, inogonawo kubatsira kune yakawanda kunyange kugovera dhayi (levelness) pamucheka. Nekufambisa mafambiro emamorekuru edhayi akananga kune fiber pamusoro uye kupinda mufiber, sodium sulfide inobatsira kudzivirira kuumbwa kwedhayi concentration gradients, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune isina kuenzana ruvara.

2.Kuvandudza Kutsanya Kwemavara

Kushandiswa kwesodium sulfide mukugadzira dhayi kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kukurumidza kwemavara kwejira rakadhayiwa. Iwo akaderedzwa esarufa dhayi, mushure mekubatwa nemucheka, anobva aiswa oxidized kuti agadzirise iyo isinganyunguke sulfur dhayi mukati meiyo fiber chimiro. Kuvapo kwesodium sulfide panguva yekutanga kudzikisa nhanho inovimbisa kuti dhayi inogoverwa zvakaenzana mukati mefiber. Kana dhayi yaiswa oxidized uye yakagadziriswa panzvimbo, kugovera uku kunoguma nekumhanya kuri nani kweruvara pakuwacha, kukwiza, uye kubuda pachena. Semuenzaniso, machira akadhayiwa nedhayi dzesarufa anoshandisa sodium sulfide sechinhu chinoderedza anowanzo chengetedza ruvara rwawo zviri nani mushure mekuwacha akawanda kana achienzaniswa neaya akadhayiwa nemamwe maajenti ekudzikisa kana pasi pemamiriro asina kunaka.

Kubvisa Kusvibiswa kweFiber muPre - kurapwa

1.Desizing uye Degumming

Mukutanga kurapwa kwefibers usati wadhayiwa, sodium sulfide inogona kushandiswa kubatsira mukubvisa tsvina. Kune machira echisikigo senge sirika, ine sericin (chingamu - sechinhu), uye donje, iyo inogona kunge iine saizi maajenti yakawedzerwa panguva yekugadzira machira, sodium sulfide inogona kubatsira mukuita uye degumming maitiro. Iyo alkaline chimiro chesodium sulfide inogona kuputsa sericin musilika uye saizi maajenti mudonje. Izvi hazvigadzirisi chete fiber pamusoro pekutora dhayi zviri nani asi zvakare inovandudza huwandu hwese hwejira.

2.Scouring uye Kuchenesa

Sodium sulfide inogona zvakare kushandiswa mukutsvaira maitiro ekubvisa mafuta, mafuta, uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa kubva kune fiber pamusoro. Mune yekugezesa yekugezesa ine sodium sulfide, iyo alkaline nharaunda inobatsira emulsify uye saponify iyo ine mafuta zvinhu zviripo pane fiber. Izvi zvinoguma neakachena fiber pamusoro, izvo zvakakosha pakuwana yunifomu yekudhaya. Nekubvisa tsvina iyi, sodium sulfide inova nechokwadi chekuti mamorekuru edhayi anogona kupindirana zvakananga nefiber pasina kukanganiswa kubva kune zvinosvibisa pamusoro.

Zvakakodzera Kushandisa uye Kufunga

Dosage Zvinodiwa

Huwandu hwesodium sulfide inoshandiswa pakudhaya inosiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei, kusanganisira rudzi rwedhayi, jira riri kudhayiwa, uye kudzika kweruvara kwaunoda. Kazhinji, pakudhaya sarufa, muyero wesodium sulfide unowanzo muchikamu che20% - 100% yehuremu hwedhayi. Zvisinei, kunyatsogadzirisa kunodiwa. Kushandisa yakawandisa sodium sulfide kunogona kukonzera kudzikisira kusakwana kwedhayi, zvichikonzera kusakura kwemavara uye kuderera kwedhayi kutora. Nekune rimwe divi, kushandisa zvakanyanya kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akadai sepamusoro-kudzikisira, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kunaka kwemavara uye zvakare zvinotungamira mukusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza nekuda kwekuwandisa sulfide mutsvina.

Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza

Kushandiswa kweSodium sulfide muindasitiri yekudhaya zvine zvazvinoreva kwezvakatipoteredza. Kana yaiswa mumvura, maion e sulfide anogona kuita nemvura neokisijeni kuumba gasi rehydrogen sulfide, rine kunhuwa kwakasimba, kusingafadzi uye kune chepfu kuupenyu hwemumvura. Kuti udzikise izvi, nzira dzakakodzera dzekuchenesa mvura dzinodiwa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira aeration kuita oxidize sulfide ions kune isingakuvadzi sulfate ions, kana kushandiswa kwemakemikari nzira dzekunaya kubvisa sulfide sezvo metal sulfide inonaya. Pamusoro pezvo, kuedza kuri kuitwa kuvandudza nzira dzakasimba dzekudhaya dzinoderedza kushandiswa kwesodium sulfide kana kuwana imwe nzira, inoderedza nharaunda.

mhedziso

Sodium sulfide ikemikari yakakosha mukuita kwekudhaya kweindasitiri yemachira. Yayo yakasarudzika makemikari zvimiro, seanoderedza mumiriri, alkalinity mupi, uye dhayi rubatsiro, inoita kuti ive yakakosha pakugadzira uye kushandisa dhayi dzesarufa. Inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kunaka kwemachira akadhayiwa, kubva pakusimudzira kutorwa kwedhayi uye kuenzana kusvika pakuvandudza kukurumidza kwemavara. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwayo kunodawo kunyatsotariswa kuenzanisa mabhenefiti ayo nekunetsekana kwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvo indasitiri yemachira ichiramba ichishanduka ichienda kune mamwe maitiro akasimba, basa resodium sulfide rinogona kuongororwazve, uye kuedza kugadzira mamwe matekinoroji anogona kuwana mhedzisiro yakafanana yekudhaya nekuderedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze kuchave kwakakosha zvikuru.