Iyo yekuita maitiro eiyo leaching agent sodium cyanide

1. ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yakakosha Leaching agent mukuchera simbi dzinokosha, kunyanya goridhe nesirivha. Kushandiswa kwayo muindasitiri yezvicherwa kunotangira mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, uye kubva zvino yave chikamu chakakosha cheiyo hydrometallurgical maitiro ekudzoreredza simbi idzi dzakakosha kubva mumatombo avo. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa mune yakadzama nzira yekuti sei Sodium cyanide mabasa mu Leaching process, ichijekesa magadzirirwo ayo emakemikari, basa rezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kukosha kwayo pakuchera simbi dzinokosha.

2. Chemical Properties yeSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide ichena, crystalline yakasimba inonyungudika mumvura. Mune mhinduro ine aqueous, inoputsika kuita sodium ions (Na+) uye Cyanide ions (CN-). Iyo cyanide ion ndicho chinhu chakakosha chinokonzera leaching simbi dzinokosha. Se ligand yakasimba, ine hukama hwepamusoro kune mamwe maion esimbi, kunyanya goridhe nesirivha. Ichi chivakwa chinochitendera kuti chigadzire akagadzika macomplexes ane aya masimbi, ayo akakosha pabasa rayo seanoregedza agent.

3. Iyo Leaching process yeGoridhe neSilver ine Sodium Cyanide

3.1 Chemical Reactions

Kana leaching goridhe uchishandisa Sodium Cyanide, mhinduro inoitika muhupo hweokisijeni munzvimbo ine mvura. Cyanide ions inogadzira inonyungudika ine goridhe, ine okisijeni ichiita seanoxidizing agent kufambisa maitiro. Kuita kwakafanana kunoitika kana sirivheri ichinyungudutswa, apo maatomu esirivheri anoita nawo sodium cyanide uye okisijeni kugadzira inonyungudika sirivheri-cyanide yakaoma.

3.2 Matanho ekuita pachikamu cheMorecular

Kusiyana: Sodium cyanide inoparadzanisa mumvura kuburitsa cyanide ions. Aya maioni ecyanide, pamwe chete nemamorekuru eokisijeni akanyungudika, anofamba nemumhinduro kuti asvike pamusoro pegoridhe kana sirivheri mukati meore. Iko kumhanya kwekupararira uku kunogona kupesvedzerwa nezvinhu zvakaita setembiricha, kusagadzikana, uye mhinduro viscosity. Kunyanya tembiricha uye kwakawedzera kugwinya kunowanzo wedzera mwero wekupararira nekuwedzera molecular kinetic simba nekuvandudza musanganiswa wemhinduro.

Adsorption: Pane imwe nzvimbo yesimbi, cyanide ions uye mamorekuru eokisijeni anozvisungirira pamusoro pegoridhe kana sirivheri zvimedu. Iyo adsorption ye cyanide ions inosarudza zvakanyanya nekuda kwehukama hwakasimba hwesimbi. Oxygen adsorption yakakosha zvakaenzana sezvo ichipa iyo inodiwa oxidizing simba kune inotevera maitiro.

Electrochemical Reaction: Pamuganhu pakati pesimbi uye mhinduro, electrochemical reaction inoputika. Maatomu egoridhe kana esirivheri ari pamusoro ane oxidized, achishanduka kuita ayoni esimbi. Ioni idzi dzesimbi dzinobva dzaita pamwe neiyo adsorbed cyanide ions kugadzira soluble metal-cyanide complexes. Iyo oxidation yesimbi inoburitsa maerekitironi, ayo anopedzwa panguva yekuderedzwa kweokisijeni mumushonga.

Desorption uye Diffusion Away: Iyo yakagadzirwa simbi-cyanide complexes inobvisa kubva pamusoro pesimbi uye inopararira mukati memuviri mukuru wemhinduro. Izvi zvinojekesa nzira itsva ye cyanide ions uye mamorekuru eokisijeni kuti adsorb pamusoro pesimbi, zvichiita kuti nzira yekucheka ienderere mberi.

4. Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kushanda KweLeaching yeSodium Cyanide

4.1 Kuiswa kweSodium Cyanide

Huwandu hwesodium cyanide mumhinduro yeleaching inonyanya kupesvedzera chiyero cheleaching. Pakutanga, sezvo huwandu hwe sodium cyanide huchikwira, ndizvo zvinoitawo mwero wekunyudzwa kwegoridhe nesirivheri, sezvo maioni ecyanide akawanda aripo kuti aite nesimbi. Asi kupfuura imwe nguva, chiyero cheleaching chinogona kumira kuwedzera kana kuderera. Izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuti pakakwirira, cyanide ions inopindirana nemvura kuti igadzire hydrogen cyanide, chinhu chinoputika chinobuda mumushonga, chichideredza kushanda kweiyo cyanide ions pakubuda.

4.2 Kuisa Okisijeni

Oxygen inokosha mu sodium cyanide leaching process. Inodiwa kuti oxidize goridhe nesirivheri, nhanho inodiwa vasati vagadzira macomplexes ane cyanide ions. Yakakwira mwero weokisijeni yakanyungudika mumhinduro inowanzo tungamira kune kukurumidza leaching mitengo. Sezvo okisijeni ine kushomeka kwekunyungudika mumvura, maindasitiri ekuleaching maitiro anowanzo shandisa nzira dzakaita senge aeration kana mweya wakafumiswa neokisijeni kuti ukwidziridze huwandu hweokisijeni.

4.3 pH yeSolution

Iyo pH yemhinduro yeleaching yakakosha kuchengetedza kugadzikana kweiyo cyanide ion uye iyo yakazara leaching maitiro. Cyanide ions inoramba yakagadzikana mune alkaline mhinduro. Munzvimbo dzine acidic, dzinosangana nehydrogen ions kuti dzigadzire gasi rine muchetura uye rinoputika rehydrogen cyanide. Kuti udzivise izvi uye uchengetedze kugadzikana kweiyo cyanide ions, pH yemushonga weLeaching inowanzochengetwa pakati pe10 ne11. Lime inowanzowedzerwa kune mhinduro yekugadzirisa nekuchengetedza pH pahutano hwakanaka.

4.4 Kupisa

Tembiricha inokanganisa nzira yekudonha munzira dzakawanda. Kazhinji, kuwedzera kwetembiricha kunomhanyisa kuita kwemakemikari, kusanganisira kupararira kwemareactants, kushambadza kwecyanide ion uye oxygen pamusoro pesimbi, uye electrochemical reaction. Zvisinei, pane zvipingamupinyi. Pakupisa kwakanyanya, cyanide ions inowanzoita hydrolysis, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwecyanide sehydrogen cyanide gasi. Uyezve, tembiricha yakakwira inogona kuwedzera kunyungudika kwetsvina muore, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro ekudonha kana kukonzera kunyanyisa kushandiswa kweiyo cyanide ions. Mukuita, tembiricha yeLeaching inowanzotenderedza 20 - 30 °C, kunyangwe tembiricha yepamusoro inogona kushandiswa kana matanho akakodzera akatorwa kudzora cyanide hydrolysis.

4.5 Chikamu Chekukura kweOre

Saizi yezvimedu zveore inokanganisa zvakananga leaching kugona. Finer-grained ores inopa yakakura pamusoro penzvimbo yekuita pakati pesimbi particles uye leaching solution. Izvi zvinosimudzira kukurumidza kupararira kweiyo cyanide ion uye oxygen kune pamusoro pesimbi uye nekukurumidza kuumbwa kwesimbi-cyanide complexes, zvichikonzera kuwanda kwemazinga. Nekune rimwe divi, maore akaomeswa-grained angangoda nguva yakareba yekurebesa kana kuti yakanyanya kugadziridzwa kuti iwane imwe nhanho yekudzoreredza simbi.

5. Kukosha Kwekunzwisisa Mechanism

Kubata mashandiro anoita sodium cyanide mukuita leaching kwakakosha zvikuru kuindasitiri yemigodhi. Iyo inobvumira mainjiniya uye metallurgists kunyatso-tune leaching process paramita, senge reagent concentration, pH, tembiricha, uye saizi yechikamu, kuwedzera simbi kudzoreredza mitengo. Nekugadzirisa zvinhu izvi, indasitiri inogona kutora simbi dzakakosha zvakanyanya, kuderedza kushandiswa kwe reagent, uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwekushandisa sodium cyanide. Pamusoro pezvo, ruzivo urwu runogona kufambisa kuvandudzwa kwematekinoroji matsva uye anoshanda zvakanyanya, kungave nekuvandudza maitiro aripo ecyanide-based kana kuongorora mamwe maajenti ekucheka.

6. Mhedziso

Sodium cyanide inoita basa rakakosha mukubviswa kwesimbi dzakakosha kuburikidza nekuita leaching. Nekunzwisisa magadzirirwo ayo, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvinopesvedzera kushanda kwayo, indasitiri yezvicherwa inogona kuramba ichisimudzira mashandiro ayo, zvichiita kuti kucherwa kwegoridhe nesirivha kuve kwakasimba uye kunoshanda. Tsvagiridzo yeramangwana inogona kutarisisa kuwedzeredza cyanide-based leaching process kana kugadzira dzimwe nzira dzekuvandudza dzinogona kuderedza njodzi kwezvakatipoteredza dzine chekuita nekushandiswa kwesodium cyanide.