Iyo Itsva Tekinoroji Yekuchera Goridhe: Kudzvinyirira Oxidation - Cyanidation Maitiro

1. ziviso

Ndarama yagara iine kukosha kukuru mundima dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakugadzira zvishongo kusvika kune zvemagetsi uye nezvemari. Kubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo ayo nemazvo uye zvine hupfumi chinhu chakakosha muindasitiri yekuchera goridhe. The zvechivanhu Cyanidation process, iyo inoshandisa cyanide semugadziri wekunyungudutsa goridhe kubva kune ore, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekukwira kwayo kwekutengesa uye kusarudza kwakanaka. Zvisinei, inewo miganhu, kunyanya kana ichibata nayo Refractory gold ores. Refractory goridhe ores ndeaya umo goridhe rinowanzobatanidzwa nemaminerari esulfide, uye nzira yechinyakare cyanidation haigone kuburitsa goridhe kubva kwavari. Izvi zvakakonzera kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji nyowani, pakati peiyo yekumanikidza oxidation - cyanidation process inomira pachena.

2. Nheyo yePressure Oxidation - Cyanidation Process

2.1 Kudzvinyirira Oxidation

Nhanho yekutanga yeiyi maitiro matsva ndeyekumanikidza oxidation. Mune refractory goridhe ores, goridhe rinowanzo kuvharirwa mukati me sulfide zvicherwa senge pyrite uye arsenopyrite. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, cyanide haigone kuwana goridhe zvinobudirira. Kudzvanya oxidation kunoitwa mune autoclave pane yakakwirira tembiricha (kazhinji 120 - 220 ° C) uye kumanikidza (akawanda mamiriro ekunze). Mune ino yakakwirira-tembiricha uye yakakwirira-kudzvanywa nharaunda, iyo sulfide zvicherwa zvinoiswa oxidized. Iyi oxidation maitiro inopwanya zvicherwa zve sulfide, ichiburitsa goridhe rakavharirwa uye kuita kuti ive nyore kuwanikwa kune inotevera cyanidation nhanho.

2.2 Cyanidation

Mushure mekumanikidza oxidation, iyo ore slurry inoiswa pasi peiyo cyanidation process. Cyanide ions inobata negoridhe muhupo hweokisijeni. Iyo goridhe inoumba soluble complex ine cyanide ions, iyo inogona kubva yapatsanurwa kubva kune yasara ore zvikamu kuburikidza nenzira dzakaita seyakasimba - yemvura kupatsanurwa.

3. Process Flow

3.1 Gadziriro yeOre

Danho rekutanga nderekugadzira simbi. Iyo mbishi refractory ore yegoridhe inotanga yapwanyika uye inogayiwa kusvika pakukura kwakanaka. Izvi zvinowedzera nzvimbo yepamusoro ye ore, iyo inobatsira kune zvose zviri zviviri kudzvinyirira oxidation uye cyanidation maitiro. Chinangwa ndechekuwana saizi yechidimbu inobvumira kuita kwakanyatsoita kemikari ichiri kugoneka mumatanho anotevera ekugadzirisa.

3.2 Kudzvinyirira Oxidation Stage

Ore yakatsetseka inozoiswa mu autoclave. Okisijeni inounzwa mu autoclave, uye tembiricha uye kudzvanywa zvinogadziriswa kune akakodzera mazinga. Nguva yekugara mu autoclave inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rweore asi kazhinji maawa akati wandei. Munguva ino, iyo sulfide zvicherwa muore inoiswa oxidized. Mushure mekunge iyo yekumanikidza oxidation process yapera, iyo slurry inoburitswa kubva kune autoclave.

3.3 Cyanidation Stage

Iyo oxidized ore slurry inotonhodzwa uye yozoendeswa kune tangi yecyanidation. A cyanide solution, kazhinji Sodium Cyanide, inowedzerwa mutangi. Iyo slurry inobvongodzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekubatana kwakanaka pakati peiyo cyanide mhinduro uye ore particles. Ndarama iri mune ore inopindirana nemaioni ecyanide kuti igadzire iyo inonyungudika. Iyo cyanidation process inowanzotora maawa akawanda kuti isvike pakakwirira Kuchera goridhe muzinga.

3.4 Kudzoreredza Goridhe

Mushure mekuita cyanidation, danho rinotevera nderekutora goridhe kubva mumushonga wecyanide. Imwe nzira inowanzo shandiswa ndeye kabhoni -in-pulp (CIP) kana kuti carbon-in-leach (CIL). Kabhoni inoshandiswa inowedzerwa mumushonga wecyanide, uye gold-cyanide complex inonamirwa pamusoro pemvura. Yakagadziriswa CarbonKabhoni ine goridhe rakanyungudutswa inobva yaparadzaniswa nemushonga. Imwe nzira ndeyekudzikisa zinc, uko upfu hwezinc hunowedzerwa mumushonga wecyanide. Zinc inobvisa goridhe kubva muchinhu ichi, yogadzira goridhe resimbi, iro rinogona kusefetwa uye kunatswa zvakare.

3.5 Tailings Kurapa

Iyo yakasara slurry mushure mekudzoka kwegoridhe ndiyo miswe. Sezvo miswe inogona kunge iine imwe cyanide uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza, kurapwa kwakakodzera kunodiwa. Iyo miswe inowanzoiswa pasi pemaitiro ekubvisa matokisi kuti iparadze iyo yasara cyanide. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nenzira dzakadai semakemikari oxidation kana biological treatment. Mushure me detoxification, miswe inogona kuraswa zvakachengeteka.

4. Zvakanakira Kudzvinyirira Oxidation - Cyanidation Process

4.1 Yakakwirira Goridhe Kudzoreredza Mwero

Kune refractory goridhe ores, iyo yekumanikidza oxidation - cyanidation process inogona kuwana yakanyanya kukwira goridhe kudzoreredza mitengo kana ichienzaniswa neyechinyakare cyanidation. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mwero wekudzoreredza goridhe unogona kusvika pamusoro pe90%, nepo cyanidation yechinyakare inogona kungowana 30 - 60% kune imwechete refractory ores. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nhanho yekumanikidza oxidation inosunungura goridhe kubva kumaminerari esulfide, ichibvumira cyanide kuita nayo zvakanyanya.

4.2 Kuchinja kune Akasiyana Ores

Iyi nzira inogona kubata akasiyana siyana erefractory goridhe ores, angave ane yakakwira mazinga emaminerari e sulfide kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakaomarara. Inopa kuchinjika mukusarudza ore kumakambani emigodhi, sezvo asingagumiri pakungogadziriswa zviri nyore - ores inorapika.

4.3 Mutengo - Kushanda muNguva Yakareba

Kunyangwe iyo yekutanga investimendi mukuvaka yekumanikidza oxidation - cyanidation chirimwa chakanyanya kukwira nekuda kwekudiwa kwemichina yakakosha senge autoclaves, nekufamba kwenguva, inogona kudhura - inoshanda. Iyo yakakwira goridhe kudzoreredza mwero inoreva kuti goridhe rakawanda rinogona kugadzirwa kubva kune imwecheteyo ore, kuwedzera mari. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo nzira yakagadzikana inoderedza njodzi yekurasikirwa kwekugadzira nekuda kwekutadza kudhirowa.

5. Matambudziko uye Mhinduro

5.1 Yakakwira Capital Investment

Kuvakwa kwekumanikidza oxidation - cyanidation chirimwa chinoda huwandu hukuru hwekudyara mari. Iwo ma autoclaves, ayo akakosha pakumanikidza oxidation process, anodhura kutenga nekuisa. Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko iri, makambani emigodhi anogona kufunga nezvemabhizimusi akabatanidzwa kana mari yenguva refu. Vanogona zvakare kuita ongororo dzakadzama dzekuita vasati vadyara kuti vaone hupfumi hwepurojekiti.

5.2 Zvemamiriro ekunze uye Zvekuchengetedza Zvinonetsa

Cyanide chinhu chine muchetura zvakanyanya, uye chero kuvuza kana kuraswa zvisina kunaka kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba ezvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedza. Mukumanikidza oxidation - cyanidation process, matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kunge aripo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwekuvuza - humbowo midziyo, yakavharwa - loop masisitimu ekutenderera kwecyanide mhinduro, uye kugara uchitarisa mazinga ecyanide munharaunda. Pakurapa matailings, matekinoroji epamusoro ekubvisa detoxification anofanirwa kushandiswa kuona kuti machira akaburitswa haakonzerese nharaunda.

5.3 Technical Complexity

Kushanda kweiyo pressure oxidation - cyanidation process inoda hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hunyanzvi. Vashandi vanofanirwa kudzidziswa zvakanaka mukushandisa autoclave, kudzora tembiricha uye kudzvanywa, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuwedzera kwakaringana kwema reagents mukuita cyanidation. Makambani emigodhi anogona kuisa mari muzvirongwa zvekudzidzisa vashandi vavo kana kuhaya vanamazvikokota vane ruzivo. Vanogona zvakare kutanga kudyidzana nemasangano ekutsvagisa kuti vaenderane neazvino budiriro yetekinoroji uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanaka kwemaitiro.

6. Mhedziso

Iyo pressure oxidation - cyanidation process ndeyekufambira mberi kwakakosha mumunda wekutorwa kwegoridhe, kunyanya kune refractory goridhe ores. Iyo inopa yakakwirira goridhe kudzoreredza mareti, kuchinjika kune akasiyana ores, uye yenguva refu mutengo - kushanda. Nekudaro, senge chero tekinoroji, inotarisanawo nematambudziko akadai sekudyara mari yakawanda, zvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedza kunetseka, uye kuoma kwehunyanzvi. Nekugadzirisa matambudziko aya kuburikidza nekuronga kwakaringana, kudyara mukuchengetedza uye kudzidziswa, uye kuenderera mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji, iyo pressure oxidation - cyanidation process inogona kuita basa rinowedzera kukosha mukusimudzira indasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe.