Basa reLeaching Aids muSodium Cyanide Gold Extraction

ziviso

Cyanide leaching yagara iri nzira ine simba mukuchera goridhe nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanyanya uye mutengo wakaderera. Nekudaro, maitiro acho haasi asina matambudziko ayo, sekudikanwa kwenguva refu yekudonha, yakakwirira cyanide kushandiswa, uye kuvapo kwezvicherwa zvinoramba zvinogona kukanganisa kupera kwegoridhe. Apa ndipo Leaching aids kupinda kutamba. Leaching aids zvinhu zvinowedzerwa kune cyanide leaching solution kusimudzira kutorwa kwegoridhe, zvichipa nzira inoshanda uye inodhura-inoshanda pakuchera goridhe.

Mashandiro Aids Aids

Kuwedzera Yakanyungudutswa Oxygen

Rimwe remabasa ekutanga ezviyamuro zvakawanda zveleaching nderekuwedzera iyo yakanyungudika oksijeni yemukati mune cyanide mhinduro. Kuti goridhe rinyunguduke mu cyanide mhinduro, okisijeni inodiwa semushonga weoxidizing kufambisa oxidation yegoridhe uye musanganiswa wayo unotevera nemaioni ecyanide. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, okisijeni inopihwa kubva kumhepo kazhinji haina kukwana, izvo zvinoganhurira mwero wekunyungudika kwegoridhe. Leaching aids senge peroxides uye persulfates anogona kuputsa uye kuburitsa okisijeni, kuve nechokwadi chepamusoro soro yeokisijeni yakanyungudika mune slurry. Semuenzaniso, hydrogen peroxide inoora kuti ipe imwezve sosi yeokisijeni yekuita pakati pegoridhe necyanide.

Kugadzira Galvanic Cells (Heavy Metal Salts)

Mimwe heavy metal munyu, senge lead salt, NGONI munyu, uye bismuth munyu, zvinogona kuita sezviyamuro zvekuregedza nekugadzira ma galvanic cells. Kana yawedzerwa kune cyanide slurry, aya masimbi anorema anoisa pamusoro pezvimedu zvegoridhe. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nemusiyano unokwanisa pakati pegoridhe neheavy metal yakaiswa, izvo zvinomhanyisa kuparara kwegoridhe. Iyo goridhe inoshanda seanode panoitika oxidation, uye iyo inorema simbi - yakavharwa nzvimbo inoita secathode. Iyi electrochemical - senge nzira inomhanyisa zvakanyanya mwero wekucherwa kwegoridhe.

Chelation uye Kusachena Kubviswa

Zvimwe zvinobatsira zvekubvisa zvinogona kusunga kana kubvisa tsvina iripo mune ore iyo inogona kukanganisa cyanide leaching process. Mune ores ine simbi ions semhangura, zingi, simbi, kusvibiswa uku kunogona kuita necyanide, kuipedza uye kuderedza huwandu huripo hwekunyungudika kwegoridhe. Chelating agents ari muleaching aids anoumba macomplexes akagadzikana ane aya asina kuchena maion, achivachengeta kure uye kudzivirira maitiro avo necyanide. Izvi hazvingodzikisi kushandiswa kwecyanide chete asiwo zvinovandudza kushanda kwese kwegoridhe - leaching process.

Mhando dzeLeaching Aids uye Mabatiro Avo Akajeka

Oxidizing Agents

1.Peroxides

• rehydrogen peroxide: Hydrogen peroxide imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa oxidizing leaching aids. Inogona kukurumidza kuwedzera iyo yakanyungudika okisijeni yemukati mune cyanide mhinduro. Mukushandiswa kwemaindasitiri, kuwedzera hydrogen peroxide kune cyanide leaching system inogona kupfupisa zvakanyanya nguva yekudonha. Semuenzaniso, mune mimwe migodhi yegoridhe, nguva yekudonha inogona kudzikiswa kusvika pa50% apo hydrogen peroxide inoshandiswa seyamuro yekudonha. Inobatsirawo mukudzikisa kushandiswa kwecyanide sezvo iyo yakakwidziridzwa oxidation yegoridhe inobvumira kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwecyanide.

• Calcium peroxide: Calcium peroxide inonyanya kubatsira mune ores ine yakakwirira sulfur content. Inoora zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura hydrogen peroxide, ichipa kusunungurwa kwakasimba kweokisijeni. Pamusoro pezvo, inogona kuderedza kuparara kwe cyanide nesarufa - ine zvicherwa. Mune yakakwirira - sulfur ores yegoridhe, kushandisa calcium peroxide seyamuro yekubvisa inogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwe10 - 15% mukudzoreredzwa kwegoridhe zvichienzaniswa neyekare cyanide leaching.

• Barium peroxide: Barium peroxide ine yakasarudzika pfuma yekupa inononoka uye yakagadzikana kuburitswa kweokisijeni. Izvi zvinovimbisa kugara kwakakwira kweokisijeni yakanyungudika muslurry kwenguva yakareba. Iyo goridhe yekunyungudika mwero inowedzera mutsetse nekuwedzera kwe barium peroxide yekuwedzera, nepo cyanide inoshandiswa inoramba yakagadzikana. Zvakare zvakareruka kugadzirira nekushandisa mukuita mabasa emugodhi.

2.Persulfates

• Persulfates ane simba oxidizing agents. Kana yawedzerwa kune cyanide leaching system, inoputsika kuita yakanyanya reactive sulfate radicals. Aya ma radicals anogona oxidize goridhe zvakanyanya kupfuura ma molecular oxygen, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwegoridhe leaching rate. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mwero wekunyungudika kwegoridhe unogona kukwidzwa kusvika pa8 - kupetwa kana zvichienzaniswa neyakajairwa cyanide leaching nemhepo senzvimbo yeokisijeni.

Heavy Metal Salts

1.Lead Salts

• Lead salt inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu cyanide leaching. Mune ores ine sulfide zvicherwa se pyrite uye arsenopyrite, zvicherwa izvi zvinogona kuita ne cyanide uye oksijeni, zvichizvidya uye kuderedza kushanda kwegoridhe leaching. Muto wemunyu unogona kuumba mutsetse unopfuura pamusoro pemaminerari e sulfide, uchitadzisa kuita kwavo ne cyanide uye oxygen. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutungamiri unogona kuumba galvanic cell negoridhe, inokurudzira kupera kwegoridhe. Muchirimwa cheCanadian cyanide, nekuwedzera muto wemunyu nekuchengetedza mweya wakanyungudika wakanyungudika, mhedzisiro yemaminerari e sulfide pa cyanidation yakakundwa zvakabudirira, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwe10 - 15% mukupora kwegoridhe.

2.Mercury uye Bismuth Salts

• Mercury munyu uye bismuth munyu zvinogona zvakare kuita seanomhanyisa mucyanide leaching. Zvakafanana nemunyu wekutungamirira, vanogona kuumba galvanic masero negoridhe, kuwedzera chiyero cheleaching. Nekudaro, nekuda kwe toxicity ye Mercury uye mutengo wakakwira webismuth, mashandisirwo azvo ane mashoma kana achienzaniswa nemunyu wemutobvu. Asi mune zvimwe zviitiko apo iyo ore ine yakasarudzika zvivakwa, aya mamunyu anogona kuramba achionekwa seanoshanda ekubatsira leaching.

Chelating Agents uye Vamwe

1.Citric Acid

• Citric acid inogona kushandiswa seyamuro yekubvisa mukati Cyanide goridhe kutorwa. Mune ores ane maion esimbi akadai semhangura, zingi, iron, maion aya anogona kushandisa cyanide uye oxygen, zvichideredza kushanda kwegoridhe leaching. Citric asidhi inogona kusunga neayoni esimbi, ichigadzira macomplexes akatsiga. Semuenzaniso, inoumba mhangura - citrate yakaoma. Izvi hazvingodzikisi chete kushandiswa kwecyanide uye oxygen neaya asina kuchena maion asi zvakare zvinobatsira mukuparadzira zvicherwa zve gangue, kuvandudza nharaunda yese yeleaching. Mune zvimwe zviedzo zvemurabhoritari, kuwedzera citric acid kune cyanide leaching solution yakawedzera kupora kwegoridhe ne5 - 10%.

2.ammonia - based Compounds

• Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ammonia - based compounds inogona kushandiswa seyamuro yekuchenesa, kunyanya mune ores ine mhangura - zvicherwa zvegoridhe. Ammonia inogona kuumba macomplexes ane copper ions, kuderedza kupindira kwemhangura mucyanide leaching yegoridhe. Nekugadzirisa iyo ammonia - cyanide ratio mune leaching mhinduro, zvinokwanisika kunyungudutsa goridhe nekusarudza uchidzikisa kunyungudika kwemhangura, iyo inobatsira kune inotevera nzira yekudzoreredza goridhe.

Nyaya Dzokushandisa

1.Mumugodhi weGoridhe muAustralia

• Mugodhi uyu waigadzira chicherwa chegoridhe chepasi-giredhi, chepamusoro-soro. Nekushandisa musanganiswa wehydrogen peroxide nesalt ye lead seyamuro yeleaching, budiriro huru yakaitwa. Kuburitswa kwegoridhe kwakawedzera ne8 - 10% kana zvichienzaniswa nevechinyakare cyanide leaching. Kuwedzerwa kwehydrogen peroxide kwakapa okisijeni yakawedzerwa, ichiwedzera oxidation yegoridhe, nepo muto wemunyu waidzivisa kukanganisa kwemaminerari esulfide. Kushandiswa kweCyanide kwakaderedzwawo neinosvika 20%, zvichikonzera kuchengetedza kwakakosha kwemutengo.

2.Mugodhi wegoridhe wekuChina Unobata neComplex Ores

• Chicherwa chaiva mumugodhi uyu chaive netsvina yakawanda yemhangura nesimbi. Nekushandisa citric acid seyamuro yekubvisa cyanide leaching process, mwero wekudzoreredza goridhe wakawedzera kubva pa70% kusvika 78%. Citric acid inosungwa nemhangura uye iron ions, kuderedza kupindira kwavo mugoridhe - cyanide reaction. Iyo leaching nguva yakaderedzwawo zvishoma, ichivandudza chibereko chese chekushanda kwemigodhi.

Mafungiro eKusarudza uye Kushandisa Leaching Aids

1.Ore Hunhu

• Kuumbwa kweore kwakakosha pakuona iyo yakakodzera leaching rubatsiro. Kune yakakwirira - sulfur ores, oxidizing agents se calcium peroxide kana barium peroxide inogona kunyanya kukodzera sezvo isingagoni kupa oxygen chete asiwo kuderedza kukanganisa kwesarufa. Mune ores ane huwandu hwakanyanya hwekusachena kwesimbi ions, chelating agents se citric acid kana ammonia - based compounds inofanirwa kutariswa.

2.Cost - kubudirira

• Mutengo weiyo leaching aid, kusanganisira mutengo wayo wekutenga, chekufambisa, uye kuchengetedza, inoda kuongororwa. Zvimwe zvinoyamura, zvakadai semimwe munyu webismuth, zvingashanda asi zvichidhura. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kuenzana pakati pemutengo uye kuvandudzwa kwekudzorerwa kwegoridhe kunoda kurohwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kudzikiswa kwekushandiswa kwecyanide uye nguva yekuregedza nekuda kwekushandiswa kweaid yekubatsira kunofanirwa kuverengerwa mumutengo - ongororo yekubudirira.

3.Environmental Impact

• Sezvo cyanide leaching yatove nekunetsekana kwezvakatipoteredza nekuda kwehupfu hwecyanide, sarudzo yekubatsira leaching inofanirawo kufunga nezvekuita kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza. Semuyenzaniso, mamwe maoxidizing agents anogona kugadzira ne-zvigadzirwa zvinoda kunyatsorapwa. Kushandiswa kwe Mercury munyu, kunyangwe unoshanda mune dzimwe nguva, unodzivirirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwehupfu hwakanyanya uye njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza.

mhedziso

Leaching aids inoita basa rakakosha mukutorwa kwegoridhe cyanide. Ivo vanogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kweiyo leaching maitiro nekuwedzera goridhe kudzoreredza, kuderedza leaching nguva, uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwecyanide. Nekunzwisisa marudzi akasiyana ezviyamuro zvekubvisa, maitiro avo ekushanda, uye masarudzire akanyanya kufanira zvichienderana nehunhu hwesimbi, vanochera goridhe vanogona kukwidziridza mashandiro avo. Sezvo kudiwa kwegoridhe kuri kuramba kuchikura, kushandiswa kweaids mu cyanide leaching kungangowedzera kupararira, zvichibatsira kune yakagadzikana uye inoshanda maitiro ekuchera goridhe.