Kurambidzwa kweCyanide Kutenderedza Globe: Kuburitsa Nyaya

ziviso

Cyanide, boka remakemikari ane yakasarudzika uye anowanzo kutsanangurwa se "anovava maarumondi - senge" kunhuhwirira, ane mukurumbira nekuda kwehupfu hwakanyanya. Muzvimiro zvayo zvakasiyana, zvakadai sehydrogen cyanide (HCN), Sodium cyanide (NaCN), uye potassium cyanide (KCN), ine simba rekukonzera kukurumidza uye kukuvadza zvakanyanya kune zvipenyu.

Iyo chepfu yecyanide iri mukukwanisa kwayo kukanganisa kushanda kwakajairika kwemaseru padanho rakakosha. Kamwe mukati memuviri, cyanide inosunga kuatomu resimbi mu cytochrome c oxidase, enzyme inoita basa rakakosha muketani yekutakura maelectron mukati memasero. Kusunga uku kunomisa nzira yekufema kwemasero, kudzivirira masero kubva kushandisa oxygen kugadzira simba muchimiro cheATP (adenosine triphosphate). Nekuda kweizvozvo, maseru anoshaya simba uye anotanga kusashanda zvakanaka, zvichitungamira kune kuwanda kwezviratidzo zvinogona kukurumidza kufambira mberi kusvika pakutadza kwenhengo uye kufa.

Mhedzisiro yecyanide inosvika kure kupfuura kunetseka kwehutano hwemunhu. Munharaunda, cyanide - ine tsvina kubva kumaindasitiri, kunyanya kubva mumigodhi, inogona kuva nemhedzisiro inoparadza. Kana yaburitswa mumiviri yemvura, kunyangwe munzvimbo yakaderera, cyanide inogona kuuraya hupenyu hwemumvura. Semuenzaniso, kuungana kwe 0.04 - 0.1 mg/L ye cyanide ions (CN⁻) mumvura inokwana kuuraya hove. Izvi hazvingokanganise mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza emumvura chete asiwo zvine zvazvinoreva kumaindasitiri ekuredza uye kuenzana kwezvisikwa.

Uyezve, kuvapo kwecyanide muvhu kunogona kusvibisa ivhu rekurima, kukanganisa kukura kwezvirimwa uye zvinogona kupinda mucheni yechikafu. Kana zvinomera zvakatora cyanide kubva muvhu, inogona kuungana munyama yavo, uye kana ikadyiwa nevanhu kana mhuka, inogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko ehutano asingagumi.

Tichifunga nezvenjodzi dzakakura dzine chekuita necyanide, hazvishamisi kuti nyika zhinji pasi rese dzakatora matanho ekurambidza kana kunyatso kudzora kushandiswa kwayo, kuchengetedza, uye kufambisa. Kurambidzwa uku imhinduro kune kukosha kwekuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji, kuchengetedza nharaunda, uye kuve nechokwadi cheramangwana rakagadzikana. Muzvikamu zvinotevera, tichaongorora kurambidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwecyanide pasi rose, zvikonzero zviri shure kwavo, uye zvinorehwa nemaindasitiri akasiyana uye vane chekuita.

Nyika dzine Cyanide Bans

North America

nyika dzakabatana

MuUnited States, nyaya yekushandiswa kwecyanide mumigodhi yave iri nyaya yekukakavadzana kwakanyanya uye kuita kwekutonga. Montana, semuenzaniso, yakatora chimiro chakasimba ichipokana nekushandiswa kwecyanide mukuchera goridhe. Muna 1998 chirongwa cheMontana Environmental Information Center's Citizens 137 chakatenderwa. Danho iri rakakonzera kurambidzwa kushandiswa kwecyanide mukuchera goridhe uye kuvhurika murwi wemhepo munyika. Dare Repamusorosoro reMontana rakatsinhirawo kuti kurambidzwa uku hakuna kutyora Bumbiro reMitemo reUnited States. Sarudzo iyi yaive yekukunda kwakakosha kune vanoongorora zvakatipoteredza uye avo vane hanya nekugona kuitika kwezvakatipoteredza uye hutano kukanganisa kwekuita kwemugodhi wecyanide.

Nekudaro, mamiriro eColorado akanyanya kuoma. Mamwe matunhu muColorado, akadai seCostilla, Gunnison, Conejos, neGilpin, pakutanga akanga arambidza kucherwa kwecyanide. Asi Dare Repamusorosoro reColorado, mumutongo wakapihwa neColorado Mining Association Complaints Commission, rakati dunhu, sebazi rehurumende, rinogona kusarambidza mishonga inobvumidzwa pasi peColorado Mining Land Reclamation Act. Mutemo wemubatanidzwa, unokurudzira kuongororwa, kuchera, uye kutorwa kwezvicherwa zvakakosha, wakatsunga kutora pamberi pemitemo yedunhu. Hondo yemutemo iyi inoburitsa makakatanwa ari pakati pekuedza kwenzvimbo kuchengetedza nharaunda kubva kunjodzi dzekucherwa kwecyanide uye mitemo yemubatanidzwa ine chinangwa chekusimudzira kutorwa kwezvicherwa mukusimudzira hupfumi.

South America

Argentina

Argentina yakaona patchwork yemirau ine chekuita nekucherwa kwecyanide padanho repurovhinzi. Mupurovhinzi yeChubute, kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu 5. 2003. kuchera cyanide, kuchera gomba rakavhurika, uye kubviswa kwesimbi zvakarambidzwa. Kurambidzwa uku kwakaiswa kuchengetedza nharaunda yenzvimbo, sezvo cyanide-based migodhi migodhi inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa kumatsime emvura uye kunaka kwevhu. Semuyenzaniso, tsvina ine cyanide inobva mumigodhi inogona kupinda mumvura yepasi, ichisvibisa migove yemvura kunharaunda dzenharaunda uye kukanganisa mabasa ekurima.

Purovhinzi yeRio Negro yakatora danho rakafanana musi waChikunguru 21. 2005. payakarambidza kushandiswa kwecyanide mukuchera, kusimudzira, uye kugadzirwa kwesimbi. Mupurovhinzi yeTucuman, kubva muna Kubvumbi 20. 2007. kuchera cyanide, migodhi yakazaruka-gomba, uye kubviswa kwesimbi zvakarambidzwa. Mendoza yakatevera musi waChikumi 20. 2007. kurambidza kushandiswa kwecyanide mukuona simbi, kuongorora, budiriro, uye maindasitiri. La Pampa province, musi waNyamavhuvhu 16. 2007. yakarambidzwa yakavhurika - kuchera gomba, kuchera simbi, uye kushandiswa kwecyanide pakuongorora, kusimudzira, kudhirowa, uye kuchengetedza simbi. Cordoba province, musi waGunyana 24. 2008. yakatemerawo zvirambidzo pakucherwa kwegomba rakavhurika, kucherwa kwesimbi, uye kushandiswa kwecyanide kumabasa anoenderana.

Nekudaro, mamiriro edunhu reRioha akati siyanei. Pakutanga yakarambidza kushandiswa kwecyanide kubvisa simbi musi waAugust 3. 2007. asi kurambidzwa uku kwakabviswa musi waSeptember 26. 2008. Zvikonzero zvekusimudza zvinogona kunge zvine chokuita nemafungiro ehupfumi, zvakadai sekusimudzira hupfumi hwemunharaunda kubva mumabasa ekuchera simbi. Asi shanduko iyi yakasimudzawo kushushikana pakati pemapoka ezvemhoteredzo pamusoro pekuparara kwenzvimbo kungangotevera kutangwazve kwemigodhi yecyanide.

Kosita Rika

Muna 2002. Costa Rica yakaita sarudzo yakakosha kumisa kuvhurwa kwemigodhi yecyanide leaching. Iyi nhanho yakanga iri imwe yenhamburiko huru dzenyika yacho kudzivirira mhoteredzo yayo yakapfuma yechisikigo. Costa Rica inozivikanwa nekusiyana-siyana kwayo, uye kucherwa kwecyanide leaching, uko kunosanganisira kushandisa cyanide kuburitsa goridhe nedzimwe simbi kubva mumatombo, zvakaonekwa sekutyisidzira kunhaka iyi yechisikigo. Kumiswa kwacho kwakanangana nekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemvura kungangoita, sezvo cyanide - ine tsvina yemvura kubva kumigodhi inogona kuve ine muchetura kuhupenyu hwemumvura. Yakanangawo kuchengetedza hutano hwenharaunda dzenzvimbo, sezvo kuratidzwa kune cyanide kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yehutano.

Europe

Czech Republic

Muna 2002. Paramende yeCzech yakaita sarudzo yakashinga yekurambidza kubuda kwegoridhe cyanide. Sarudzo iyi yaive mhinduro kumatambudziko arikura pamusoro penjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uye dzehutano dzine chekuita necyanide - yakavakirwa kutorwa kwegoridhe. Goridhe cyanide leaching inosanganisira kushandisa cyanide mhinduro kunyungudutsa goridhe kubva musimbi, uye maitiro anogona kuburitsa marara akawanda ane muchetura. Nekurambidza nzira iyi, Czech Republic ine chinangwa chekuchengetedza matsime emvura, kunaka kwevhu, uye kugara zvakanaka kwevagari vayo. Kurambidzwa uku kwakatumirawo mashoko akasimba pamusoro pekuzvipira kwenyika mukuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza pakatarisana nekukanganisa kungaita indasitiri yezvicherwa.

Jerimani

Muna 2006. Germany yakatora danho rekudzikisa kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza pamugodhi nekudzikisa zvishoma nezvishoma huwandu hwecyanide inobvumidzwa mumigodhi. Iyi nzira yaive yakayerwa zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nekurambidzwa chaiko. Kudzikiswa kwekushandiswa kwecyanide kungangove kwakakonzerwa nekuenzanisa pakati pekukosha kwehupfumi hweindasitiri yezvicherwa muGermany uye kudiwa kwekuchengetedza nharaunda. Nekudzikisa zvishoma nezvishoma kushandiswa kwecyanide, hurumende yeGermany yakava nechinangwa chekupa indasitiri yezvicherwa nguva yekugadzirisa nekutsvaga dzimwe nzira, dzine hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza dzekuchera. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuisa mari mukutsvagisa nekuvandudza matekinoroji matsva anogona kuwana mhedzisiro imwe chete pasina kushandisa yakawanda yecyanide.

Hangari

Muna December 2009. Paramende yeHungary, mumushandirapamwe wakarongwa neHungarian Cyanide - Free Association, yakavhota kurambidza zvachose kuchera cyanide. Kurambidzwa uku kwaive kukunda kwakakosha kune vatsigiri vezvakatipoteredza uye hutano. Kucherwa kwemigodhi yeCyanide kwave kunetsa muHungary nekuda kwekugona kurasika kwecyanide, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa nzira dzemvura nenyika. Iyo 2000 Baia Mare cyanide yakateuka munharaunda yakavakidzana neRomania, uko cyanide - yakavharwa mvura yetsvina yakadirwa munzizi dzeDanube neTisza, zvichikonzera kuparara kwakawanda kwezvakatipoteredza, zvingangove zvakamuka kuHungary. Kuteuka uku kwakave nemhedzisiro inosvika kure kune zvipenyu zvemumvura, maindasitiri ekuredza, uye hupenyu hwese hwese mumatunhu akakanganisika. Kurambidzwa kweHungary yaive nzira yekudzivirira kudzivirira njodzi dzakafanana mukati memiganhu yayo.

European Union

Muna 2010. European Parliament yakatora danho pamusoro pekuchera cyanide nekuvhota kukurudzira European Commission kuti iite kurambidzwa kwakakwana kwekutorwa kwecyanide. Zvisinei, Komisheni yakaramba kurumbidza mutemo. Maererano nevanhu vanoziva nezvenyaya iyi, chikonzero chikuru chekuramba uku kwaiva kunetseka kuti kurambidza kutorwa kwegoridhe yecyanide muEurope kwaizova nemigumisiro yakaipa pamabasa. Indasitiri yezvicherwa, kunyanya kumatunhu ane cyanide - kucherwa kwegoridhe kwakawanda, inopa mikana yemabasa kuvanhu vazhinji. Komisheni yaifanira kuyera mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza ekurambidzwa kwecyanide zvichipesana nemhedzisiro inogona kuitika mune zvehupfumi nemagariro ekurasikirwa nemabasa. Ichi chisarudzo chakaita kuti pave nokukamukana pakati pevanoongorora zvakatipoteredza, avo vakaona kudiwa kwokurambidzwa kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, uye vaya vaiva muindasitiri uye vamwe vagadziri vemitemo vainyanya kutyira zvaizoitika mune zvoupfumi.

Asia

Teki

Muna 2007. Turkey State Council, yakavakirwa paChikamu 56 cheBumbiro reMitemo yeTurkey, iyo inotaura nezve“Kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu dzokugara munzvimbo ine utano,” yakasarudza kusabvumira kucherwa kwecyanide. Sarudzo iyi yaive chiratidzo chakajeka chekuzvipira kweTurkey kuchengetedza hutano hwevagari vayo uye nharaunda. Kucherwa kwemigodhi yeCyanide, nekugona kwayo kusvibisa matsime emvura nevhu, kwakaonekwa sekutyisidzira kwakananga nharaunda ine hutano iyo bumbiro rine chinangwa chekuchengetedza. Nekurambidza kucherwa kwecyanide, Turkey ine chinangwa chekudzivirira kushatiswa kwezviwanikwa zvayo uye kuve nechokwadi chekugara kwakachengeteka kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera.

Central America

E Savhadho

Mukufamba kwakazara, El Salvador, nyika yeCentral America, yakarambidza marudzi ose okucherwa kwesimbi munharaunda yayo. Musi waMarch 29. 2017. paramende yeEl Salvador yakavhota, uye kurambidzwa kwakazara kwemigodhi yesimbi kwakapasiswa nerutsigiro rwenhengo dze70 dzemapato akasiyana. Kurambidzwa kusvika kure uku kunoreva kuti kuongorora simbi dzese, kukwenenzverwa, nekugadziriswa, kungava pasi kana pasi pevhu, hazvibvumidzwe. Pamwe chete neizvi, makemikari ane chepfu senge cyanide uye NGONI zvinorambidzwawo. Kurambidzwa kwacho kwaive mhinduro kune zvakatipoteredza uye zvemagariro zvinonetsa zvine chekuita nekucherwa kwesimbi. Mabasa emigodhi muEl Salvador aikwanisa kukonzera kuparadzwa kwemasango, kusvibiswa kwemvura, uye kusagadzikana kwevanhu. Nekurambidza kucherwa kwesimbi kwese, El Salvador ine chinangwa chekuchengetedza nharaunda yayo, matsime emvura, uye kodzero dzenharaunda.

Zvikonzero Zvisina Kurambidzwa

Kunetseka Nezvakatipoteredza

Cyanide inoisa njodzi yakakura kune zvakatipoteredza, uye ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuitwa kwekurambidzwa munyika dzakawanda. Imwe yezvinokonzeresa uye zvinooneka zvinokanganisa cyanide iri pamitumbi yemvura. Kana cyanide - ine tsvina ikaburitswa munzizi, madziva, kana pasi pemvura, inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa pazvipenyu zvemumvura. Semuyenzaniso, muna 2000 pakateuka cyanide yeBaia Mare muRomania, kutadza kwedhamu remasarira pamugodhi wegoridhe rakaburitsa mvura zhinji yecyanide - yakavharwa munzizi dzeTisza neDanube. Kuwanda kwe cyanide mumvura kwakakonzera kufa kwehove dzakawanda uye zvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura. Kuteuka uku hakuna kungokanganisa indasitiri yehove yemuno chete asiwo kwakave nemhedzisiro yenguva refu mukusiyana-siyana kwenzizi.

Pamusoro pekusvibiswa kwemvura, cyanide inogonawo kusvibisa ivhu. Mabasa emigodhi anoshandisa cyanide anowanzo buritsa marara akawanda, anozivikanwa sematailings, ane cyanide yakasara. Kana miswe iyi ikasabatwa zvakanaka, cyanide inogona kupinda muvhu. Kana yave muvhu, cyanide inogona kutadzisa kukura kwezvirimwa nekukanganisa maitiro avo emagetsi. Inogonawo kutorwa nemiti, iyo inobva yapinda mumaketani ezvokudya. Iyi bioaccumulation yecyanide mucheni yechikafu inogona kuva nemhedzisiro inosvika kure kune mhuka dzesango nevanhu. Semuyenzaniso, kana zvikara zvikadya zvirimwa zvine cyanide, zvinogona kutambura neutano, uye cyanide inokwanisa kupfuudzwa kuzvikara zvinodya mhuka idzi.

Ngozi dzehutano

Kuchetura kwecyanide kuhutano hwevanhu kwakanyatso kunyorwa uye ndiyo simba guru rinokonzera kurambidzwa kwepasirese. Cyanide inhibitor yakasimba yekufema kwemasero. Sezvambotaurwa, inosunga kune cytochrome c oxidase, enzyme yakakosha kune elektroni yekutakura cheni mumaseru. Nekuvhara enzyme iyi, cyanide inodzivirira masero kubva pakushandisa oxygen kugadzira simba, zvichitungamira kune mamiriro anozivikanwa se cellular asphyxiation.

Mune acute cyanide chepfu, zviratidzo zvinogona kukurumidza uye zvakanyanya. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinogona kusanganisira musoro, dzungu, kuda kurutsa, uye kurutsa. Sezvo chepfu inofambira mberi, zviratidzo zvakakomba zvakadai sekukurumidza kufema, kurwadziwa kwechipfuva, uye kuvhiringidzika zvinogona kuitika. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, chepfu yecyanide inogona kutungamirira mukurasikirwa nekuziva, kubatwa, uye pakupedzisira kufa. Mushonga unouraya wecyanide unogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita sechimiro checyanide, nzira yekufumurwa (kufemerwa, kupinza, kana kubata ganda), uye huremu hwemuviri wemunhu uye hutano hwese. Semuyenzaniso, mumuromo unouraya dose yehydrogen cyanide inofungidzirwa kuva inenge 50 - 100 mg, nepo inouraya dose ye. Sodium Cyanide inenge 1 - 2 mg / kg yehuremu hwemuviri.

Kugara kuratidzwa kune yakaderera mazinga e cyanide kunogona zvakare kuve nehurefu-hurefu hutano mhedzisiro. Inogona kukonzera kukanganisa kuhurongwa hwetsinga, zvichiita kuti zviratidzo zvakadai sekushaya simba, kupera, uye kuoma mukubatana. Panewo kutyira pamusoro pezvingangoitika zvecarcinogenic mhedzisiro yenguva refu cyanide kuratidzwa. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kubatana pakati pekusagadzikana kwecyanide uye njodzi yakawedzera yemamwe marudzi egomarara, kunyangwe kutsvagisa kwakawanda kuchidikanwa kumisikidza hukama hwakasimba.

Dzvinyiriro Dzemagariro Nenharaunda

Zvekutyira nharaunda dzenharaunda pamwe nekupesvedzerwa kwemapoka ezvekutongwa kwezvakatipoteredza nemagariro zvakabatsira zvikuru mukukurudzira hurumende kurambidza cyanide. Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzinoshanda maindasitiri ane cyanide, akadai semigodhi, vagari veko vanonyatsoziva njodzi dzinogona kuitika kuhutano hwavo nenharaunda. Vanowanzo kutya mhedzisiro yekuteuka kwecyanide kana mhedzisiro yenguva refu yekugara munzvimbo ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekusvibiswa kwecyanide.

Somuenzaniso, munharaunda dziri pedyo nemigodhi yegoridhe inoshandisa cyanide pakuchera, vagari vemo vanganetseka pamusoro pokunaka kwemvura yavo yokunwa, kuchengeteka kwevana vavo vachitamba panze, uye kukanganisa pakurima kwavo. Izvi zvinonetsa zvinogona kukonzera kuratidzira kwakarongeka, zvichemo, uye mishandirapamwe yeruzhinji inoda kuti hurumende iite kurambidza kana kudzora kushandiswa kwecyanide.

Masangano ezvezvakatipoteredza anoitawo basa rakakosha mukuzivisa nezve njodzi yecyanide uye kukurudzira kurambidzwa. Mapoka aya anoita tsvagiridzo, anoburitsa mishumo, uye anopinda munhaurirano neveruzhinji kudzidzisa veruzhinji nezve njodzi yezvakatipoteredza nehutano ine chekuita necyanide. Vanokurudzirawo hurumende nemasangano epasi rose kuti aite mitemo yakasimba kana kurambidza zvachose cyanide. Kuedza kwavo kwakabatsira mukuunza nyaya yecyanide pamberi peruzhinji nezvematongerwo enyika, zvichikonzera kubvumwa kwezvirambidzo munyika dzakawanda.

Zvikonzero zveKurambidzwa

Pamusoro peMigodhi Indasitiri

Kurambidzwa kwecyanide kwakakanganisa zvakanyanya indasitiri yezvicherwa. Kumakambani emigodhi agara achivimba necyanide - yakavakirwa nzira dzekuchera, kunyanya mukuchera goridhe, kurambidzwa kwakakonzera matambudziko makuru. Ivo zvino vatarisana nechido chekuchinja zvachose maitiro avo ekuchera kana kutsvaga mamwe makemikari ekutsiva cyanide.

Imwe yematambudziko makuru ndeyekudhura kwakanyanya kwakabatana nekuchinja. Kugadzira nekuita matekinoroji matsva ekuchera kazhinji kunoda mari yakawanda mukutsvagisa nekusimudzira, pamwe nemidziyo mitsva nezvivakwa. Semuyenzaniso, mamwe makambani emigodhi ari kuongorora mashandisirwo emamwe maajenti ekuleaching akadai sethiosulfate kana bromide. Nekudaro, idzi dzimwe nzira dzinogona kusashanda secyanide-based process mune dzimwe nguva, uye dzingangoda akasiyana mamiriro ekushandisa uye michina. Izvi zvinoreva kuti makambani emigodhi anofanirwa kuisa mari mukudzidzisa vashandi vavo kushandisa michina mitsva uye kunzwisisa maitiro matsva.

Mukuwedzera, kurambidzwa kunogona kutungamirira kune kuderera kwekanguva mumabasa emigodhi sezvo makambani anogadzirisa kumitemo mitsva. Munguva ino yeshanduko, kugadzirwa kunogona kudzikiswa, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa zvakananga mari yekambani. Mamwe makambani madiki emigodhi anogona kutotarisana nenjodzi yekubuda kunze kwebhizinesi kana asingakwanisi kubhadhara mari ine chekuita neshanduko.

Zvakadaro, kurambidzwa uku kunopawo mukana wekuti indasitiri yezvicherwa igadzirise. Dzvinyiriro yekutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzekubvisa nayo yakurudzira tsvakiridzo nebudiriro mumunda. Mayunivhesiti mazhinji, masangano ekutsvagisa, uye makambani emigodhi ave kushanda pamwe chete kugadzira hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza uye hunoenderera mberi hwemigodhi. Aya matekinoroji matsva haangoderedzi kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemugodhi asiwo ane mukana wekuvandudza kushanda uye pundutso yemabasa emigodhi mukufamba kwenguva. Semuenzaniso, dzimwe nzira itsva dzekuchera dzinogona kukwanisa kubvisa simbi zvakanyanya kusarudza, kuderedza huwandu hwemarara anogadzirwa uye kuwedzera goho rose rekuchera migodhi.

Pamusoro peEconomy

Mamiriro ehupfumi ekurambidzwa kwecyanide ari maviri. Munharaunda umo indasitiri yezvicherwa chikamu chakakosha chehupfumi hwenzvimbo, kurambidzwa kunogona kutanga kukonzera kukanganisa kwehupfumi. Semuyenzaniso, mune mamwe madhorobha madiki ekuArgentina uko migodhi yakavakirwa pacyanide ndiyo yaive indasitiri huru, kurambidzwa kwakakonzera kurasikirwa nemabasa sezvo zvimbambaira zvakaderedza mashandiro avo kana kuvharwa. Izvi zvakakanganisa hupfumi hwenzvimbo iyi, zvichikanganisa mabhizimisi akaita semaresitorendi, zvitoro, nevanopa mabasa vaivimba nemari yevacheri.

Izvo zvinorambidzwa zvinogona zvakare kukanganisa hupfumi hwakakura maererano nekupa uye kudiwa kwesimbi. Kana kugadzirwa kweimwe simbi, segoridhe, kwakadzikira nekuda kwekutadza kushandisa cyanide mukubvisa, kupihwa kwesimbi idzi pamusika kunogona kudzikira. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwemutengo wesimbi, izvo zvinogona kuve nezvazvinoreva kune akasiyana maindasitiri anoshandisa simbi idzi semidziyo. Semuenzaniso, indasitiri yezvishongo, inova mutengi mukuru wegoridhe, inogona kutarisana nemitengo yakakwira kana mutengo wegoridhe ukawedzera nekuda kwekupa - kudivi zvipingaidzo.

Nekune rimwe divi, zvirambidzo zvinogadzirawo mikana yekukura kwemamwe matunhu. Kudiwa kwemamwe matekinoroji ekuchera uye masevhisi ekugadzirisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakonzera kusimudzirwa kwemaindasitiri matsva. Makambani ane hunyanzvi mukugadzira nekupa zvigadziriso zvisiri zvecyanide, pamwe neaya ane chekuita nekurapa nekurasa tsvina yemugodhi nenzira ine hushamwari, ari kuona kudiwa kuri kuita zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi avo. Izvi zvine mukana wekuumba mabasa matsva uye kukurudzira kukura kwehupfumi mumapazi ari kusimukira aya. Semuyenzaniso, makambani anopa bio-leaching tekinoroji seimwe nzira yecyanide - based extraction ari kuwedzera mukurumbira, uye vari kuhaya masayendisiti, mainjiniya, uye matekinoroji kuti vagadzire nekushandisa matekinoroji aya.

PaNzvimbo uye Hutano Hwevanhu

Kurambidzwa kwecyanide kwave nemhedzisiro yakanaka kune zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hweveruzhinji. Sezvambotaurwa, cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya uye inogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakakura kune nharaunda kana isina kunyatsogadziriswa. Nekurambidza kushandiswa kwayo mumigodhi nemamwe maindasitiri, njodzi yecyanide - ine chekuita nekusvibiswa yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.

Panyaya yemhando yemvura, zvirambidzo zvakabatsira kuchengetedza nzizi, madziva, uye matsime emvura yepasi kubva mukusvibiswa kwecyanide. Izvi zvakakosha pakuchengetedza hutano hwezvipenyu zvemumvura uye kuve nechokwadi chekupihwa kwakachengeteka kwemvura yekunwa kunharaunda dzenharaunda. Somuenzaniso, munyika dzakaita seCosta Rica neCzech Republic, uko kurambidzwa kwecyanide kwave kuchishandiswa kwenguva yakati, kwave kune vandudziko inocherekedza mukunaka kwemvura yemitumbi yemvura iri pedyo. Hupenyu hwemumvura, hwakaita sehove nemamphibians, hausisiri panjodzi yekuiswa muchetura nemvura ine tsvina ine cyanide, uye kuwanda kwezvipenyu zvose zvezvipenyu izvi kwatanga kupora.

Kurambidzwa kunobatsirawo mukuchengetedzwa kwehutano hwevhu. Ne cyanide shoma iri kushandiswa mumigodhi, kune njodzi yakaderedzwa yecyanide inonyudza muvhu uye kusvibisa ivhu rekurima. Izvi zvakakosha pakuchengetedza kuorera kwevhu uye kuona kuchengetedzwa kwezvirimwa zvekudya. Pamusoro pezvo, kuderedzwa kwecyanide - kusvibiswa kwakabatana kune mhedzisiro yakanaka pamhando yemhepo, sezvo cyanide inogona zvakare kuburitswa mumhepo mune mamwe maindasitiri maitiro. Nekubvisa kana kuderedza kushandiswa kwecyanide, huwandu hwezvinokuvadza zvinosvibisa mumhepo hunoderera, izvo zvinobatsira kune hutano hwekufema hwevagari vemo.

Pakazere, kurambidzwa kwecyanide kunoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza nharaunda uye hutano hweveruzhinji, uye inhanho yakakosha yekuwana budiriro inoenderera.

Zvimwe kune Cyanide

Mukupindura kunetsa kuri kuramba kuchikura pamusoro pekushandiswa kwecyanide, kunyanya muindasitiri yemigodhi, dzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzakagadzirwa. Idzi dzimwe nzira dzinopa nzira yakagadzikana uye ine hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza kudhirowa kwesimbi.

Imwe yedzimwe nzira dzinovimbisa ndeye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo - inoshamwaridzana goridhe leaching reagents. Aya ma reagents akagadzirirwa kutsiva cyanide mune yegoridhe kudhirowa maitiro pasina chikonzero chekuchinja yekutanga maitiro uye michina zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, mamwe emareagents aya anobva pathiosulfate, iyo yakaratidzwa kuva inotsiva inoshanda yecyanide mune mamwe marudzi egoridhe ores. Thiosulfate - based leaching agents ane akawanda mabhenefiti. Izvo hazvina muchetura kupfuura cyanide, zvinoreva kuti njodzi yekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kukuvadza kuhutano hwevanhu yakadzikira zvakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, vanogona kunyanya kusarudzwa mukutora goridhe, kuderedza kuwanda kwemarara anogadzirwa panguva yekuchera.

Imwe nzira ndeye kushandisa bio-leaching maitiro. Nzira iyi inosanganisira kushandisa tupukanana twakadai semabhakitiriya nefungi, kubvisa simbi kubva mumatombo. Utachiona hunopwanya dombo uye kusunungura simbi, iyo inogona kudzoserwa. Bio - leaching inzira yechisikigo uye yakagadzikana ine yakaderera nharaunda kukanganisa. Izvo hazvidi kushandiswa kwemakemikari ane muchetura se cyanide, uye anogona kuitwa pane yakaderera tembiricha uye kumanikidza. Nekudaro, bio-leaching inzira inononoka kana ichienzaniswa necyanide - yakavakirwa kudhirowa, uye inogona kunge isina kukodzera kune ese marudzi e ores.

Kugadziridzwa nekushandiswa kwedzimwe nzira idzi hakungogadzirise matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedza zvine chekuita necyanide chete asi zvakare kunovhura mikana mitsva yekuti indasitiri yezvicherwa ishande zvine mwero uye zvine hungwaru. Sezvo tekinoroji iri kuramba ichifambira mberi, tinogona kutarisira kuona nzira dzakasimba uye dzinodhura - dzinoshanda dzecyanide dzichibuda mune ramangwana.

mhedziso

Kurambidzwa kwepasi rose kwecyanide kunomiririra danho rakakosha kuenda kune remangwana rakagadzikana uye rakachengeteka. Zvichitungamirwa nekunetsekana kwezvakatipoteredza, njodzi dzehutano, uye kumanikidzwa kwemagariro, zvirambidzo izvi zvakave nemhedzisiro inosvika kure pane dzakasiyana siyana munharaunda.

Indasitiri yezvicherwa, iyo yagara ichinyanya kushandisa cyanide, yakatarisana nematambudziko mukugadzirisa kurambidzwa. Nekudaro, matambudziko aya akakurudzirawo hunyanzvi, zvichitungamira mukuvandudzwa kwedzimwe nzira dzekuchera uye matekinoroji. Idzi dzimwe nzira hadzingodzikisi njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uye dzehutano dzine chekuita necyanide asi dzinopawo mukana wekuita mabasa emugodhi anobudirira uye anoenderera mberi kwenguva refu.

Kukanganisa kwehupfumi kwezvirambidzo kwakaoma, nekukanganisa kwenguva pfupi uye nemikana yenguva refu. Munguva pfupi, matunhu anovimba zvakanyanya nemaindasitiri ecyanide anogona kurasikirwa nemabasa uye kudzikira kwehupfumi. Asi nekufamba kwenguva, kukura kwemaindasitiri matsva akatarisana nekugadzira nekupa mamwe magadzirirwo anogona kugadzira mabasa matsva uye kukurudzira kukura kwehupfumi.

Kunyanya kukosha, kurambidzwa kwakave nemhedzisiro yakanaka kune zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hweveruzhinji. Nekudzikisa kushandiswa kwecyanide, njodzi yekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, senge mvura uye kusvibiswa kwevhu, yakadzikira zvakanyanya. Izvi, zvakare, zvinobatsira kuchengetedza hutano hwenharaunda dzenzvimbo uye kuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvipenyu.

Sezvatinoenda kumberi, zvakakosha kuti maindasitiri arambe achiisa mari mukutsvagisa nekusimudzira kuti awane dzimwe nzira dzakasimba uye dzinoshanda dzecyanide. Hurumende nemasangano epasi rese anoitawo basa rinokosha mukurambidza zvirambidzo, kusimudzira kushandiswa kwemamwe matekinoroji, uye kuona kuti zvakatipoteredza uye utano hweveruzhinji zvakachengetedzwa.

Nyaya yekurambidzwa kwecyanide pasi rose chiratidzo chesimba rekuita pamwe chete mukugadzirisa matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza uye ehutano. Zvinoratidza kuti nekuziva njodzi dzine chekuita nezvimwe zvinhu uye nekutora matanho akasimba, tinogona kugadzira ramangwana rakagadzikana uye rakabudirira isu uye kuzvizvarwa zvichauya.