Nzira uye Matanho ekubvisa chetoxification yeCyanide Tailings

ziviso

Matope eCyanide marara akaoma anowanikwa panguva yekucheneswa kwemigodhi yegoridhe nemimwe migodhi. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwecyanide yakasara nedzimwe simbi dzinorema, kana ikasabatwa zvakanaka, inokuvadza nharaunda neutano hwevanhu. Chepfu yakanyanya yeCyanides inogona kupararira nemhepo, mvura, nevhu, ichisvibisa nharaunda yakapoteredza uye ichiisa panjodzi kuhupenyu hwemhuka nemiti. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kukurumidza kubvisa chepfu muCyanide Tailings . Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura zvakadzama nzira dzekubvisa chepfu uye maitiro ematope ecyanide tailings.

Hunhu uye Njodzi dzeCyanide Tailings

Kuumbwa kwe cyanide tailings yakaoma. Pamusoro pemacyanides asina kubatwa, inewo simbi dzinorema semhangura, lead, zinc, uye mercury. Aya masimbi anorema anonetsa kudzikisira munzvimbo yechisikigo uye anozoungana kwenguva yakareba. Cyanides inogona kuvharidzira basa rekufema ma enzymes mumasero ehupenyu, zvichiita kuti asphyxiation uye kufa kwezvipenyu. Semuenzaniso, kana mvura yetsvina ine cyanide tailings ikaiswa munzizi, zvinokonzeresa kufa kwezvipenyu zvemumvura zvakaita sehove, zvichiparadza chiyero chemvura. Kana masimbi anorema achipinda mumuviri wemunhu, anoungana munhengo dzevanhu uye kukonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, chepfu yomutobvu inotapura kukura kwetsinga, uye chepfu yemercury inokuvadza itsvo nouropi.

Detoxification Nzira

Chemical Oxidation Method

1. Nzira yeAlkaline Chlorination : Iyi inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya yekubvisa oxidation yemakemikari. Pasi pemamiriro ealkaline (kazhinji pH inodzorwa pa10 - 11), ma oxidant akadai se chlorine gas kana hypochlorites anowedzerwa kuma tailings e cyanide. Nheyo yayo yekuita seinotevera: Kutanga, ma cyanide ions (CN⁻) anosanganiswa kuita ma cyanate ions (CNO⁻), uye reaction equation ndeye CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺. Zvadaro, cyanate inoora kuita zvinhu zvisina njodzi senge nitrogen neCarbon dioxide pasi pe oxidation yakawedzerwa, 2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → N₂↑ + 3Cl⁻ + 2HCO₃⁻. Kubatsira kwenzira iyi ndekwekuti reaction rate inokurumidza uye detoxification effect iri pachena, asi dambudziko nderekuti zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvakaita se chlorine - ine exhaust gas zvinogona kugadzirwa.

2. Nzira yeHydrogen Peroxide Oxidation : Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) inogona kuoxidation nekuora cyanides kana paine catalyst yakakodzera. MaCatalysts akadai se ferrous ions (Fe²⁺) anowanzo sarudzwa. Munguva ye reaction process, hydrogen peroxide inoora kuti ibudise hydroxyl radicals (·OH), iyo ine simba rakasimba re oxidizing uye inogona kukurumidza kuoxidation cyanides. Reaction equation ndeye CN⁻ + H₂O₂ → CNO⁻ + H₂O. Kubatsira kwe hydrogen peroxide oxidation method ndeyekuti zvigadzirwa mushure mekuora kwe hydrogen peroxide imvura ne oxygen, uye hapana tsvina itsva inounzwa, asi mutengo wacho wakakwira, uye zvinodiwa zve reaction conditions zvakaoma.

Biological Oxidation Nzira

1. Nzira yekubvisa mabhakitiriya : Mamwe mabhakitiriya akakosha, akadai seThiobacillus ferroxidans, anoshandiswa. Mabhakitiriya aya anogona kushandisa cyanides senitrogen necarbon sources panguva yekukura kwawo uye ozvioxidation nekuzviparadza. Kuburikidza nemabasa avo ekugadzirisa muviri, mabhakitiriya anoshandura cyanides kuita zvinhu zvisina njodzi zvakaita secarbon dioxide, mvura, uye ammonia. Chinhu chakanaka chenzira iyi ndechekuti haina njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza uye inoshandisa simba shoma, asi dambudziko nderekuti kukura kwemakemikari kunokanganisa zvakanyanya zvinhu zvakaita sekupisa uye pH, uye nguva yekurapa yakareba.

2. Nzira yeBiofilm : Zvipembenene zvinonamirwa pamusoro pechinhu chinotakura zvinhu kuti zvigadzire biofilm. Kana masero ecyanide akasangana nebiofilm, cyanides inoparadzwa nezvipembenene. Biofilm ine simba rakasimba rekuwedzera uye kuderedza hutachiona, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwehutachiona pacyanides. Zvichienzaniswa nenzira yekubvisa hutachiona, zvipembenene zviri mubiofilm hazviregi kurasikirwa uye zvine kugadzikana kwakanyanya, asi zvinosanganawo nedambudziko rekuva nehanya nemamiriro ekunze.

Dzimwe Nzira

1. Nzira yekupisa zvakanyanya : Matope eCyanide anopiswa nemhepo pakupisa kwakanyanya (kazhinji pamusoro pe800℃), uye maCyanides anoora kuita magasi akadai senitrogen necarbon monoxide. Nzira yekupisa zvakanyanya inogona kubvisa maCyanides zvinobudirira, asi inoda simba rakawanda, uye simbi dzinorema dzinogona kuputika kana mamiriro ekupisa akakwira, zvichiwedzera kuoma kwekurapa kwegasi remuswe.

2. Nzira yeAdsorption : Adsorbents dzakadai seActivated Carbon ne zeolite dzinoshandiswa kunyudza cyanides. Adsorbents dzine nzvimbo yakakura uye dzinogona kunyudza cyanides pamusoro padzo, nokudaro dzichizadzisa chinangwa chekubvisa chepfu. Nzira yeadsorption iri nyore kushandisa, asi kugona kweadsorption kweadsorbent kwakaderera, uye adsorbent inofanira kutsiviwa nguva nenguva. Pamusoro pezvo, kurapwa kweadsorbent yaadsorbent kwakaomawo.

Detoxification Process

Kufungidzira

1. Kupwanya uye Kuongorora : Matope makuru ecyanide anopwanywa kuti aderedze saizi yematope, kuitira kuti nzira inotevera yekubvisa tsvina ikwanise kuenderera mberi zvizere. Matope anowanzo shandiswa anosanganisira majaw crushers, macone crushers, nezvimwewo. Matope akapwanywa anozoongororwa kuburikidza nemidziyo yekuongorora yakaita sema vibrating screens kuti abvise matope ematope akasiyana, zvichipa zvinhu saizi dzakakodzera dzekurapa.

2. Kubvisa tsvina : Kuti macyanide abatane zviri nani uye aite seanoshanda ne detoxification reagent, mvura kana zvimwe zvinonyungudutsa zvakakodzera zvinowanzo shandiswa kubvisa tsvina kubva mu cyanide. Maitiro ekuburitsa tsvina anoitwa mutangi rakasanganiswa, uye tsvina yacho inosanganiswa zvizere nekusanganisa. Zvinhu zvakaita se leaching time, tembiricha, uye liquid - to - solid ratio zvinokanganisa leaching effect, uye zvinowanzo fanirwa kugadziriswa zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo.

Detoxification Operation

1. Maitiro Ekushanda kweKemikari Oxidation Method : Tichitora nzira yealkaline chlorination semuenzaniso, mumushonga wekubvisa tsvina mushure mekubviswa, sodium hydroxide inotanga yawedzerwa kugadzirisa pH yemushonga kusvika pa10 - 11. Zvadaro, chlorine gasi inoiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kana sodium hypochlorite solution inowedzerwa, uye kusanganiswa kunoitwa panguva imwe chete kuti reaction ienderere mberi zvizere. Munguva ye reaction process, cyanide concentration mumushonga inofanira kutariswa munguva chaiyo. Kana cyanide concentration yaderedzwa kusvika pasi pe standard yakatarwa, kuwedzera kwe oxidant kunomiswa.

2. Maitiro Ekushanda kweNzira yeBiological Oxidation : Kana nzira yekubvisa utachiona ikagamuchirwa, Thiobacillus ferroxidans yakakurira zvakanaka nedzimwe tupukanana dzinobayiwa mushonga wekubvisa utachiona une cyanide tailings. Tembiricha ye reaction system inodzorwa mukati mehuwandu hwakakodzera hwetupukanana (kazhinji 25 - 35℃), uye pH value inogadziriswa kusvika pahuwandu hwakakodzera (kazhinji 2 - 4). Munguva ye reaction, zvinovaka muviri zvinofanirwa kuzadzwa nguva nenguva kuti zvigutse zvinodiwa netupukanana kukura. Kufambira mberi kwe detoxification reaction kunotongwa nekutarisa huwandu hwecyanide uye kukura kwetupukanana.

Kutevera Kurapwa

1. Kupatsanurwa Kwemvura Yakasimba : Mushure mekunge mushonga wekubvisa chepfu wapera, masero akabatwa anofanira kupatsanurwa nemvura yakasimba. Nzira dzakajairika dzekupatsanurwa kwemvura yakasimba dzinosanganisira kusefa uye centrifugation. Kuburikidza nemidziyo yekusefa yakadai sema plate-and-frame filter presses, masero akasimba anoparadzaniswa nemvura. Mvura yakaparadzaniswa inofanira kuongororwazve kuti ionekwe kuti ine cyanide here uye heavy metal kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inogona kuburitswa mushure mekusangana nezvinodiwa zvekubuditsa.

2. Kurasa Mitsetse : Mushure mekubviswa kwemvura mumuviri uye kupatsanurwa kwemvura yakasimba, kana simbi inorema iri mumatsetse ichiri yakawanda, kurapwa kwakawedzerwa kunodiwa. Semuenzaniso, tekinoroji yekusimba uye kugadzikana inoshandiswa, uye miswe yacho inosanganiswa nezvinhu zvinosimbisa zvakaita sesimende neraimu kugadzirisa simbi dzinorema mumuviri dzakasimba uye kuderedza kufamba kwadzo munzvimbo. Mitsetse yakarapwa inogona kuzadzwa ivhu kana kushandiswa zvakakwana zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo, akadai sekushandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu zvekuvaka.

mhedziso

Iyo detoxification kurapwa kwecyanide tailings kwakakosha zvikuru pakuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushandiswa kwakasimba kwezviwanikwa. Nzira dzakasiyana dzekubvisa huturu dzine zvadzo zvakanakira nekuipira. Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, nzira dzakakodzera dzedetoxification uye maitiro anofanirwa kusarudzwa zvizere zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sehunhu hwecyanide tailings, mutengo wekurapa, uye nharaunda zvinodiwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuenderera mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, matekinoroji matsva ekubvisa muto uye maitiro ari kuramba achibuda. Mune ramangwana, zvinotarisirwa kukudziridza nzira dzakasimba, dzakatenderedza nharaunda, uye dzehupfumi detoxification yecyanide tailings, ichipa mhinduro dziri nani kumatambudziko ezvakatipoteredza anounzwa necyanide tailings.