Chengetedzo Kushandisa Kutsanangurwa kweSodium Cyanide

ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ikemikari ine chepfu yakawanda inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, akadai sekuchera goridhe, kugadzira simbi, uye kugadzira makemikari. Nekuda kwechepfu yayo yakanyanya, mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza inofanirwa kutevedzwa panguva yekubata kwayo, kuichengeta, kutakurwa, uye kushandiswa kwayo kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu nenharaunda. Chinyorwa chino chinopa gwara rakazara rekushandiswa kwakachengeteka kweSodium cyanide.

Kunzwisisa Zvivakwa zveSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide chinhu chena, chinonyungudika mumvura chine hunhu hwehwaro hwakasimba zvine mwero. Chine chepfu zvakanyanya uye chinogona kukonzera kukuvara kunouraya kuvanhu. Kufema, kunwa, kana kusangana neganda neSodium Cyanide kunogona kukonzera chepfu yakanyanya. Inodzivirira ma enzymes ekufema, zvichikonzera kushaya simba mukati memasero. Kunyangwe dose diki ye50 - 100mg inogona kukonzera rufu rwechimbichimbi. Pamusoro pezvo, kana sodium cyanide ikasangana nema acid, inogadzira gasi rehydrogen cyanide rine chepfu uye rinobvira moto.

Kuteerera Kwemitemo

National and International Regulations

Nyika pasi rose dzakaisa mitemo yakasimba yekugadzira, kuchengetedza, kutakurwa, uye kushandiswa kwe sodium cyanide. Semuenzaniso, muUnited States, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) yakaisa mitemo chaiyo maererano nemiganhu yekusvibiswa uye nzira dzekuchengetedza pakubata cyanides . MuEuropean Union, mutemo weREACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) unotonga kushandiswa kwakachengeteka kwezvinhu zvine njodzi zvakadaro. MuChina, "Mitemo yeKutarisira Kuchengetedzeka kweMakemikoro Ane Hazardous" inoisa mitemo yakasimba pakubata kwese kwe sodium cyanide.

Zvibvumirano uye Rezinesi

Masangano ese ane chekuita nekugadzira, kuchengetedza, kutakura, kana kushandisa sodium cyanide anofanirwa kuwana marezenisi anodiwa uye marezinesi zvinoenderana nemirairo yemuno. Izvi zvibvumirano zvinovimbisa kuti zvivakwa uye mashandiro anosangana nezvinodiwa kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza zviyero.

Chengetedzo Yekuchengetedza muMatanho Akasiyana

chengetedzo

1. Kusarudzwa Kwenzvimbo : Sodium cyanide inofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo yakatsaurirwa, ine mhepo inotonhorera, uye inotonhorera. Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inofanira kunge iri kure nezvinhu zvinopisa, zvinobatidza moto, uye zvinhu zvisingaenderane nazvo. Inofanirawo kunge iri munzvimbo isingasvikwe nyore nevashandi vasina mvumo.

2. Zvinodiwa paMudziyo : Shandisa midziyo inodzivirira ngura uye yakavharwa zvakasimba yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakakodzera. Kune sodium cyanide yakasimba, madhiramu esimbi akakora kana midziyo yepurasitiki ine zvivharo zvakasimba anowanzo shandiswa. Kune mhinduro dze sodium cyanide, matangi ekuchengetera anofanira kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira ngura yealkaline, zvakaita semhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi isina ngura kana matangi epurasitiki akagadzirwa nehunyanzvi. Matangi acho anofanira kunge akanyorwa zvakajeka kuti "Poison" uye "Sodium Cyanide" pamwe chete nezviratidzo zvine njodzi.

3. Mamiriro Ekuchengetedza : Chengetedza nzvimbo yakaoma munzvimbo yekuchengetera, sezvo hunyoro huchigona kukurumidzisa kuparara kwe sodium cyanide uye kuwedzera njodzi yekuburitswa kwegasi re hydrogen cyanide. Hunyoro munzvimbo yekuchengetera hunofanira kuchengetwa pasi pe80%. Uyewo, iva nechokwadi chekuti mhepo inofefetera zvakanaka kudzivirira kuungana kwemagasi angangobuda.

4. Kuparadzaniswa nezvinhu zvisingaenderane nechinhu : Sodium cyanide inofanira kuchengetwa yakasiyana neacids, oxidizing agents, uye mamwe makemikari anogona kuita nayo kuti igadzire zvinhu zvine njodzi. Semuenzaniso, kuichengeta pedyo neacids kunogona kutungamira mukuumbwa kwegasi rine chepfu ine hydrogen cyanide.

kutakura

1. Kurongedza : Kurongedza kwekutakura sodium cyanide kunofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvakasimba. Kurongedza kwekunze kunofanirwa kunge kwakasimba zvakakwana kuti kugone kubatwa zvakanaka panguva yekutakura uye kudzivirira mudziyo wemukati kubva mukukuvadzwa. Kurongedza kwemukati kunofanirwa kunge kusina kudonha uye kwakavharwa zvakanaka. Kurongedza kunofanirwawo kunyorwa zvakajeka nezita remakemikari, yambiro dzenjodzi, uye ruzivo rwekuonana nekukurumidza.

2. Mota Dzekutakura : Shandisa mota dzekutakura dzakagadzirirwa kutakura makemikari ane njodzi. Mota idzi dzinofanira kunge dziine masisitimu ekudzivirira kudonha kwemvura, michina yekubatsira panguva yenjodzi , uye mhepo inofefetera zvakanaka. Mota inofanirawo kuratidza zviratidzo zvekunyevera nezvenjodzi zvinoenderana nemitemo yekufambisa.

3. Kudzidziswa Kwevatyairi : Vatyairi vanotakura sodium cyanide vanofanira kunge vakadzidziswa zvakanyanya kubata zvinhu zvine njodzi. Vanofanira kunge vachiziva hunhu hwesodium cyanide, nzira dzekupindura nekukurumidza kana pakaitika tsaona kana kudonha kwemvura, pamwe nemitemo yekufambisa yakakodzera.

4. Kuronga Nzira : Ronga nzira yekufambisa pachine nguva kuti usanyanya kuzara nevanhu, nzvimbo dzekugara, nenzvimbo dzine njodzi huru yetsaona. Zivisai vakuru vemunharaunda nezvekutakurwa kwe sodium cyanide, kunyanya kana muchipfuura nenzvimbo dzine njodzi.

Kubata uye Kushandisa

1. Midziyo Yekudzivirira Munhu (PPE) :

• Dziviriro Yekufema : Vashandi vanofanira kupfeka dziviriro yakakodzera yekufema, senge chinodzivirira mweya kumeso chose chine firita yemhepo inoshanda zvakanyanya (HEPA) uye kanisita inobvumirwa yekudzivirira cyanide. Munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru kana kana paine mukana wekuputika zvakanyanya, mudziyo wekufema wega (SCBA) unogona kudiwa.

• Dziviriro Yemaziso : Pfeka magogorosi anodzivirira ganda kana chifukidziro chemeso kuti udzivirire maziso kubva mukupfapfaidzwa kana zvidimbu zveguruva zve sodium cyanide.

• Kudzivirira Ganda : Shandisa magirovhosi asingapindi mvura akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita sebutyl rabha kana nitrile, pamwe chete nemachira ekuvhara kana maapuroni asingapindi makemikari. Iva nechokwadi chekuti PPE iri mumamiriro akanaka uye inokwana zvakanaka.

2. Kugadzika Nzvimbo Yebasa :

• Kufefetera : Nzvimbo yebasa inobatwa sodium cyanide inofanira kunge iine mhepo inofefetera yakanaka. Masisitimu emhepo anobuda mumhepo anofanira kuiswa kuti abvise utsi kana guruva rinobuda panguva yekubata. Kufefetera kwemukamuri kunofanirwawo kukwana kuchengetedza hunhu hwemhepo.

• Midziyo Yekukurumidzira : Ipai michina yekukurumidzira iri nyore kuwana, yakadai senzvimbo dzekugezesa maziso, nzvimbo dzekugezesa dzakachengeteka, uye makit ekubatsira kutanga. Nzvimbo dzekugezesa maziso nedzimba dzekugezesa dzakachengeteka dzinofanira kuongororwa nguva nenguva kuti dzive nechokwadi chekuti dziri kushanda zvakanaka.

• Kuchengetedza Kudururwa Kwemvura : Iva nezvinhu zvekuchengetedza kudururwa kwemvura pamwe nezvishandiso zviripo, zvakaita semapedhi anonyudza mvura, jecha, uye makiyi ekudzora kudonhedza mvura. Sarudza nzvimbo chaiyo yekuchenesa kudururwa kwemvura uye iva nechokwadi chekuti vashandi vanoziva mashandisirwo ezvinhu izvi nemazvo.

3. Maitiro Ekushanda :

• Kubata Sodium Cyanide Yakasimba : Shandisa zvishandiso zvakakodzera, zvakaita sezvipunu kana mbato, kubata sodium cyanide yakasimba. Dzivisa kugadzira guruva, nekuti kufema guruva recyanide kune njodzi huru. Paunenge uchiyera sodium cyanide, shandisa chikero chekuyera munzvimbo ine mhepo inofema zvakanaka uye yakavharirwa, zviri nani pane fume hood.

• Kugadzirira Mhinduro : Paunenge uchigadzira mhinduro dze sodium cyanide, wedzera sodium cyanide yakasimba zvishoma nezvishoma kune solvent (kazhinji mvura), uchikurunga zvinyoro nyoro. Ita izvi munzvimbo ine mhepo yakanaka uye tevera zviyero zvinokurudzirwa zvekusanganisa nokungwarira. Usambofa wakawedzera mvura kune sodium cyanide yakasimba, sezvo izvi zvinogona kukonzera mhinduro ine simba.

• Kudzora Kusangana Kwemakemikari : Munguva yekuchinjana kwemakemikari kunosanganisira sodium cyanide, nyatso dzora mamiriro ekuchinjana akadai sekupisa, pH, uye nguva yekuchinjana. Shandisa michina yakakodzera yekutarisa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti kusangana kwacho kuenderera mberi sezvaitarisirwa uye hakugumisi kuburitswa kwemagasi ane chepfu.

Kuderedza Kurasikirwa

1. Kupatsanura : Bvisa marara e sodium cyanide kubva kune mamwe marudzi emarara. Usaasanganise nemarara emakemikari kana asina njodzi. Nyora zviri mumatura acho zvakajeka se "Marara eSodium Cyanide" uye ratidza mhando yemarara (akaoma, emvura, nezvimwewo).

2. Kurapa : Marara eSodium cyanide anofanira kugadziriswa kuti asave nengozi asati araswa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira nzira dzekurapa nemakemikari, dzakadai sekuoxidation nehypochlorite kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakakodzera zvekuoxidation, kushandura cyanide kuita mishonga isina chepfu. Marara akagadziriswa anofanira kuongororwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwecyanide huri mukati memiganhu inobvumirwa kuraswa.

3. Kuraswa kwetsvina neZvivakwa Zvakatenderwa : Rasa tsvina yesodium cyanide kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzakatenderwa dzekuraswa tsvina dzine njodzi. Nzvimbo idzi dzine hunyanzvi nemidziyo yekubata nekurasa tsvina ine chepfu nenzira isina njodzi kune nharaunda. Usarasire tsvina yesodium cyanide mumapombi emvura, mumadhaka emvura, kana munzvimbo dzemvura.

Mhinduro Yekurumidzira

1. Zvirongwa zveEmergency : Gadzira hurongwa hwakazara hwekupindura panguva yenjodzi hunosanganisira maitiro ekugadzirisa kudonha kwemvura, kubuda kwemvura, moto, uye zviitiko zvekusangana nesodium cyanide. Chirongwa ichi chinofanira kutsanangura zvakajeka mabasa nemabasa evashandi vese vanobatanidzwa mukupindura panguva yenjodzi.

2. Kudzidziswa uye Kudzidzira : Itai kudzidziswa kwekupindura panjodzi nguva nenguva kune vese vashandi vanogona kunge vari mukubata sodium cyanide. Itai kudzidzira kwekumhanyira nguva nenguva kuti muve nechokwadi chekuti vashandi vanoziva maitiro ekupindura uye vanogona kuita nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kana paine emergency.

3. Matanho Ekubatsira Pakutanga : Ipai vashandi kudzidziswa kwekubatsira kwekutanga kuti vangapindura sei kana munhu abatwa nesodium cyanide. Kana munhu abatwa nemweya wekufema, kurumidzai kuendesa munhu wacho kumhepo itsva. Kana munhu wacho anwa sodium cyanide, musamuita kuti arutse, asi fonerai rubatsiro rwekukurumidzira nekukurumidza. Kana mukasangana neganda, bvisai mbatya dzine utachiona uye gezai nzvimbo yacho nemvura yakawanda kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri. Kana mukasangana nemaziso, sukurudzai maziso nemvura yakawanda kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu.

4. Ziviso : Kana pakaitika emergency inosanganisira sodium cyanide, zivisai masangano emunharaunda anorwisa emergency, akadai sebazi remoto, masangano ekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, nenzvimbo dzinodzora chepfu. Vapei ruzivo rwakarurama nezvemhando uye kukura kwechiitiko chacho.

mhedziso

Iko kushandiswa kwakachengeteka kwesodium cyanide kwakakosha zvakanyanya nekuda kwekunyanyisa kwayo muchetura. Nekunyatsoomerera kune zvinodiwa nemutemo, kuita matanho ekuchengetedza akakodzera mukuchengetedza, kutakura, kubata, kushandiswa, uye kuraswa kwemarara, uye kuve nehurongwa hwekupindura kwechimbichimbi munzvimbo, njodzi dzine chekuita nesodium cyanide dzinogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya. Vese vanhu nemasangano ane chekuita nehupenyu hwesodium cyanide anofanirwa kuzvipira kuchengetedza yakakwira mwero wekuchengetedza kuchengetedza hupenyu hwevanhu uye nharaunda.