Kurapa Kwakakodzera kweLiquid Sodium Cyanide Waste

ziviso

Sodium cyanide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai sekuchera migodhi, electroplating, uye makemikari nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwemakemikari hwakasiyana. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kweSodium Cyanide kunoburitsa marara ane cyanide, uye marara eLiquid Sodium Cyanide , kunyanya, anotyisidzira hutano hwevanhu nenharaunda kana akasabatwa zvakanaka. Cyanide ine chepfu yakawanda uye inogona kukonzera kukuvara kukuru kuzvisikwa kunyangwe muhuwandu hudiki. Saka, zvakakosha zvikuru kushandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekugadzirisa marara aya.

Njodzi dzeLiquid Sodium Cyanide Waste

Toxicity Kuvanhu

Cyanide inogona kupinda mumuviri wemunhu kuburikidza nekufema, kunwa, kana kusangana neganda. Kana yapinda mumuviri, inogona kukurumidza kusunganidzwa ku cytochrome oxidase mumasero, ichidzivisa kufema kwemasero uye zvichikonzera hypoxia yetishu. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, inogona kukonzera rufu nekukurumidza. Kunyangwe kuratidzwa kwakaderera kwenguva yakareba kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakaita semusoro, dzungu, kushaya simba, uye mune dzimwe nguva, matambudziko ehutano asingaperi. Pakubata tsvina ye sodium cyanide yemvura , njodzi yekubata netsaona yakanyanya, kunyanya kana pasina matanho akakodzera ekudzivirira.

Impact paZvipenyu Zvemvura

Tsvina yeLiquid Sodium cyanide , kana ikaburitswa mumvura, ine chepfu yakanyanya kuhupenyu hwemumvura. Kunyangwe kana ikanyanya kuwanda, inogona kukanganisa mashandiro emuviri ehove, mhuka dzisina mapfupa, nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura. Inogona kukanganisa kufema kwavo, kukura, kubereka, uye masoja ekudzivirira muviri. Semuenzaniso, kana huwandu hwecyanide ion huri 0.02 - 1.0 mg/l (mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana), hove dzinogona kufa. Cyanide inogonawo kukonzera kukuvara kwenguva refu kuzvisikwa zvemumvura nekuderedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu uye kukanganisa cheni yechikafu.

Migumisiro paZvirimwa

Kana zvidyarwa zvakafumurwa kune mvura sodium cyanide tsvina, inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa pakukura kwavo nekukura. Yakanyanya kuwanda yecyanide inogona kutadzisa chirimwa kukura, kuderedza kutorwa kwekudya, uye kukanganisa photosynthesis. Munzvimbo dzekurima, izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuderera kwegoho uye kunaka. Pamusoro pezvo, kana tsvina yesodium cyanide ikashandiswa pakudiridzira, inogona kusvibisa ivhu, zvichikanganisa kunaka kwevhu uye kukura kwezvirimwa zvinozotevera.

Kurapa Nzira dzeLiquid Sodium Cyanide Waste

Alkaline Chlorination Method

Musimboti : Nzira iyi inogadzirisa pH yemvura yakasviba ine sodium cyanide kusvika pa8.5 - 9 uye yobva yawedzera ma oxidants ane chlorine. Ma oxidants ane chlorine, akadai se bleach (kunyanya NaClO) kana chlorine gas (Cl₂, inonyunguduka mumvura kuti igadzire HClO), anoita nema cyanide ions (CN⁻). Mudanho rekutanga, cyanide inosanganiswa kuita cyanate (CNO⁻), iyo isina chepfu yakawanda. Kuwedzera oxidation kunogona kushandura cyanate kuita carbon dioxide (CO₂) uye nitrogen (N₂). Maitiro emakemikari anogona kutaurwa seizvi:

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺

2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → 2CO₂ + N₂ + 3Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

Zvakanakira Nezvakaipa : Nzira ye alkaline chlorination iri nyore kushandisa uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya. Inogona kuderedza huwandu hwe cyanide mumvura yakasviba kusvika padanho rakaderera. Zvisinei, yakakodzera kurapa mvura yakasviba nehuwandu hushoma hwe cyanide. Kana huwandu hwe cyanide hwakanyanya, panodiwa huwandu hwakawanda hwe chlorine-based oxidants, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mutengo wekurapa uye kugadzira zvimwe zvinosvibisa.

Pressurizing Hydrolysis Method

Musimboti : Munzira iyi, mvura yakasviba ine sodium cyanide inoiswa mumudziyo wakavharwa. Alkali inowedzerwa, uye mvura yakasviba inodziiswa uye inomanikidzwa. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, cyanide inopinda muhydrolysis reactions. Maion eCyanide anoita nemamorekuru emvura kuti agadzire non-toxic sodium formate (HCOONa) uye ammonia (NH₃). Chemical reaction equation ndeiyi:

CN⁻ + 2H₂O → HCOO⁻ + NH₃

Zvakanakira Nezvakaipa : Nzira ye pressurizing hydrolysis ine nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzirisa huwandu hwe cyanide mumvura yakasviba. Inogonawo kubata complex cyanide compounds. Kushanda kwayo kuri nyore kana tichitarisa maitiro ekuita. Zvisinei, nzira iyi inoda michina yakakosha ye pressurization nekudziisa, izvo zvinoita kuti maitiro ese ave akaoma. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwesimba uye mari inoshandiswa mumidziyo yakakwira, zvichikonzera mari yakawanda yekurapa.

Acidized Method

Nheyo : Munzira yekuisa acid, sulfuric acid inowedzerwa mumvura yakasviba ine sodium cyanide kuti pH ienderane ne2 - 3. Kana paine acidity, cyanide iri mumvura yakasviba inoita hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN). Sezvo huwandu hwegasi rehydrogen cyanide hushoma, uye uchishandisa musimboti wekumanikidzwa kwemhepo, mhepo inopfuudzwa nemumvura yakasviba kuti ibudise gasi rehydrogen cyanide. Gasi rehydrogen cyanide rinoburitswa rinogona kuiswa mualkali solution kuti ridzokororwe. Maitiro makuru emakemikari ndeaya:

CN⁻ + H⁺ → HCN↑

Zvakanakira Nezvakaipa : Chimwe chezvakanakira zvenzira iyi ndechekuti inogona kudzoreredza sodium cyanide, iyo ine kukosha kwayo kwehupfumi. Zvisinei, nzira iyi inoda kudzora zvakanyanya mamiriro ekushanda. Hydrogen cyanide gasi ine chepfu zvakanyanya, uye chero kubuda kwemvura panguva yekushanda kunogona kutyisidzira nharaunda nehutano hwevanhu. Nokudaro, matanho ekuchengetedza epamusoro uye kuvhara michina zvinodiwa.

Biological Treatment Nzira

Musimboti : Mamwe mabhakitiriya ane simba rekuora cyanide. MuBiological Treatment Methods , mabhakitiriya chaiwo kana fungi anoshandiswa kuparadza cyanide mumarara emvura. Mabhakitiriya aya anogona kushandisa cyanide senzvimbo yekabhoni kana nitrogen kuburikidza nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ema enzyme, achiishandura kuita zvinhu zvisina chepfu zvakaita se carbon dioxide, mvura, uye ammonia. Semuenzaniso, mamwe mabhakitiriya anoparadza cyanide anogona kuputsa cyanide kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi zvakanyanya kuburikidza nenzira dze metabolic.

Zvakanakira Nezvakaipa : Nzira dzekurapa nemakemikari dzinochengetedza nharaunda zvakanyanya sezvo dzisingaunze huwandu hwakawanda hwemakemikari anoshandiswa. Dzinogona kushanda zvakanaka pakurapa marara emvura ane cyanide shoma kwenguva yakareba. Zvisinei, dzinonzwa zvinhu zvakaita sekupisa, pH, uye kuvapo kwezvimwe zvinhu zvine chepfu mumarara. Maitiro ekurapa anogonawo kutora nguva yakareba kuti awane mhedzisiro yekurapa inodiwa, uye kutanga kwegadziriro yekurapa nemakemikari kunogona kuoma.

Chengetedzo Yekuchengetedza panguva Yekurapa

Pakurapa marara e sodium cyanide, matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza anofanira kutorwa. Vashandi vanofanira kupfeka midziyo yekudzivirira yakakodzera, kusanganisira masutu asingapindi mishonga, magirovhosi, magogorosi, uye michina yekudzivirira kufema. Nzvimbo yekurapa inofanira kunge iine mhepo yakakwana, uye michina yekubatsira vanhu panguva yenjodzi yakadai senzvimbo dzekugezesa maziso neshawa dzekuchengetedza inofanira kuwanikwa zviri nyore. Pamusoro pezvo, mabasa ese ekurapa anofanira kutevedzera mitemo nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza kudzivirira tsaona uye kuona kuti vashandi nenharaunda zvakachengeteka.

mhedziso

Kurapwa kwakaringana kwemarara sodium cyanide kwakakosha kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Nekunzwisisa njodzi dzemarara aya uye kushandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekurapa dzakadai sealkaline chlorination, kudzvanya hydrolysis, acidized kurapwa, kana biological kurapwa, pamwe chete nekuchengetedza kwakasimba kwekuchengetedza, isu tinogona zvinobudirira kuderedza njodzi dzine chekuita nemarara sodium cyanide. Izvo zvakakosha kuti maindasitiri anogadzira tsvina yakadaro aise mari munzvimbo dzakakodzera dzekurapa uye ave nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvekubata uye nzira dzekurapa dzinoitwa nenzira ine mutoro uye inoteedzera.