NACN-Sodium Cyanide Zvikumbiro muMetallurgy uye Chemical Indasitiri

ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ikemikari yemakemikari inoita basa rakakosha mune zvese zvesimbi uye makemikari maindasitiri. Kunyangwe iyo ine muchetura zvakanyanya, yakasarudzika makemikari zvimiro inoita kuti ive yakakosha mune akati wandei maindasitiri maitiro. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa mumashandisirwo akasiyana e Sodium cyanide mukati mezvikamu zviviri izvi zvakakosha zveindasitiri.

Zvinhu zveSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide ikristaro chena yakasimba uye isina kusimba, inovava yealmond hwema. Iine huremu hunosvika 49.01 g/mol. Iyo inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura, ine anenge 46 gramu inonyungudika mu100 milliliters emvura patembiricha yekamuri. Mushonga wacho une Na⁺ cation uye CN⁻ anion. Iyo ine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka inosvika 564 °C uye nzvimbo yekuvira ingangoita 1496 °C. Izvi zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvivakwa zvakakosha pakunzwisisa mashandisiro ayo mune akasiyana maindasitiri mamiriro.

Zvishandiso muMetallurgy

Kuchera Goridhe neSirivha

Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa maapplication e Sodium Cyanide mune metallurgy iri mukutorwa kwegoridhe nesirivha kubva mumatombo avo. Iyi nzira, inozivikanwa se Cyanidation, inobva pakukwanisa kweiyo cyanide ions kuumba yakagadzikana yakaoma negoridhe nesirivha. Muhupo hweokisijeni nemvura, sodium cyanide inopindirana negoridhe musimbi sezvinotevera:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Iyo goridhe - cyanide complex [Au(CN)₂]⁻ inonyungudika mumvura, zvichiita kuti goridhe riparadzaniswe kubva kune ore matrix. Mushonga uyu unozoitwazve kuti udzore goridhe rakachena. Saizvozvo, sirivheri inogona kutorwa uchishandisa yakafanana reaction mechanism. Cyanidation inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yezvicherwa nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwayo hwekudzoreredza simbi dzakakosha kubva kune yakaderera-giredhi ores. Nekudaro, kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba uye mapuroteni ezvakatipoteredza anofanirwa kuteverwa panguva iyi kudzivirira kuburitswa kwechepfu cyanide makomisheni.

Metal ra

Sodium cyanide inoshandiswawo mune electroplating maitiro. Mu electroplating, chidimbu chitete chesimbi chinoiswa pamusoro pechimwe chinhu. Cyanide - yakavakirwa electroplating mabhati anoshandiswa kugadzira simbi semhangura, sirivha, cadmium, uye zinc. Iyo cyanide ions mubhati inoshanda mabasa akati wandei. Ivo vanobatsira mukuparara kweanode simbi, kuve nechokwadi chekugadzika kweiyo simbi ions yekuisa. Cyanide inoshandawo sechinhu chinoomesera, chinogona kuvandudza kunaka kweiyo yakaiswa simbi layer. Inogona kuderedza hukuru hwezviyo zvedhipoziti, zvichiita kuti pave yakapfava uye yakawanda yunifomu coating. Semuenzaniso, mune sirivheri plating, sodium cyanide mune yekugezesa yekugezera inobatsira mukuwana yakajeka, inoteedzera sirivheri yekuputira pane substrate.

Nyaya Kuoma Kwesimbi

Muchiitiko chekuoma kwesimbi, sodium cyanide inoshandiswa kuwedzera kuoma kwepamusoro kwezvinhu zvesimbi. Iyo nzira inosanganisira kupisa simbi pamberi pecyanide - ine komputa. Iyo cyanide inoora pakupisa kwakanyanya, ichiburitsa kabhoni nenitrogen maatomu. Aya maatomu anopararira pamusoro pesimbi, achigadzira zvinhu zvakaomarara zvakaita sesimbi carbides uye nitrides. Izvi zvinoguma nekunze kwakaomarara kwesimbi, nepo musimboti wacho unoramba wakapfava uye wakapfava. Kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide kana kuomeswa kunogona kukwidziridza kusamira uye kupera simba kwezvikamu zvesimbi, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kushandiswa senge magiya, shafts, uye mabearings.

Zvishandiso muKemikari Indasitiri

Synthesis yeOrganic Compounds

Sodium cyanide chinhu chakakosha kutanga zvinhu zvekugadzira zvakasiyana-siyana zveorganic compounds. Inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga, mapurasitiki, dhayi, uye mamwe makemikari. Semuenzaniso, muindasitiri yemishonga, inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga yakadai sepenicillin, vhitamini B₆, uye folic acid. Mukugadzirwa kwepenicillin, sodium cyanide inobatanidzwa munhevedzano yemaitiro anotungamira mukuumbwa kwehunhu β - lactam mhete chimiro chemushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Mukugadzira mapurasitiki, sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa kugadzira monomers. Semuenzaniso, inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwe acrylonitrile, inova monomer yekugadzira polyacrylonitrile (PAN), yakajairika polymer inoshandiswa mukugadzira fibers ekugadzira uye mapurasitiki. Kuita kwe sodium cyanide nemamwe makemikari kunogonawo kutungamira mukuumbwa kweakasiyana organic intermediates ayo anowedzera kugadziriswa kuti awane magumo anodiwa - zvigadzirwa.

Kugadzirwa kweInorganic Cyanides

Sodium cyanide inoshandiswa sechinhu chekutanga kugadzirwa kwezvimwe zvakakosha inorganic cyanides. Somuenzaniso, inoshandiswa kugadzira Potassium cyanide (KCN), zinc cyanide (Zn(CN) ₂), uye copper cyanide (CuCN). Izvi inorganic Cyanides vane zvikumbiro zvavo mumaindasitiri akasiyana. Potassium cyanide inoshandiswa mu electroplating, kunyanya mukuputira kwegoridhe nesirivha. Zinc cyanide inoshandiswa mu zinc - plating process, uye copper cyanide inoshandiswa mumhangura electroplating uye mukugadzirwa kweimwe mhangura - based alloys. Kugadzirwa kweaya inorganic cyanides kunowanzo sanganisira kuita sodium cyanide neakakodzera simbi munyu kana kuburikidza nemamwe maitiro emakemikari.

Shandisa muChemical Analysis

Mukuongorora kwemakemikari, sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa mune mamwe maitiro ekuongorora. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirisa kweimwe simbi ions mukugadzirisa, cyanide inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinogadzirisa. Nekuwedzera sodium cyanide kune mhinduro ine iron ions, chaiyo simbi - cyanide complexes inogona kuumbwa. Aya macomplexes anowanzo kuve ane hunhu hunhu, hwakadai seruvara kana solubility, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuona kana kuverengera maion simbi. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekunyanya kutyisa kwe sodium cyanide, kushandiswa kwayo mukuongorora kwemakemikari kunogadziriswa zvakanyanya, uye dzimwe nzira, nzira dzisina chepfu dzinowanzodiwa kana dziripo.

Kufunga Zvekuchengetedza

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti sodium cyanide ine chepfu zvakanyanya. Kuratidzwa kune sodium cyanide, kungave kuburikidza nekufema, kupinza, kana kubata ganda, kunogona kuuraya. Inoshanda nekukanganisa kufema kwemasero, kudzivirira masero kubva pakushandisa oxygen zvinobudirira. Mukushandiswa kwemaindasitiri kwe sodium cyanide, matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kuitwa. Vashandi vanobata sodium cyanide vanofanira kupfeka midziyo yekudzivirira yakafanira, kusanganisira magirovhosi, magirazi uye kudzivirira kufema. Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera sodium cyanide dzinofanirwa kugadzirwa kudzivirira kudonha uye kupera, uye zvirongwa zvekupindura zvechimbichimbi zvinofanirwa kunge zviripo kana pakaburitswa tsaona. Kudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunonyanya kunetsa, sezvo chero kuburitswa kwesodium cyanide mumhoteredzo kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa kumhuka dzesango nematsime emvura.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide, kunyangwe iine huturu hwayo, ine zvakasiyana-siyana uye yakakosha mashandisirwo mune ese ari maviri simbi uye makemikari maindasitiri. Mumetallurgy, yakakosha pakubvisa simbi yakakosha, simbi yeplating, uye kuomesa kesi. Muindasitiri yemakemikari, inoshanda sekiyi yekutanga zvinhu zvekubatanidza akawanda organic uye inorganic makomponi uye ine maapplication mukuongorora kemikari. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide kunofanirwa kugara kuchiperekedzwa nekuchengetedza kwakasimba uye matanho ekudzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza kudzikisa njodzi dzine chekuita neiyi muchetura zvakanyanya. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, kuedza kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kugadzira dzimwe nzira dzinogona kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvemaindasitiri pasina kushandisa kemikari ine njodzi yakadai, asi parizvino, sodium cyanide inoramba iri chinhu chakakosha mumaindasitiri mazhinji.