Iko kushandiswa kweSodium Cyanide muIndasitiri Yemishonga

Sodium cyanide, ine makemikari formula NaCN, ichena, mvura-inonyungudika, uye ine muchetura zvakanyanya. Pasinei nemukurumbira wayo wakashata nekuda kwehupfu hwayo, inoita basa rakakosha mu Chemishonga Indasitiri sechinhu chakakosha chemakemikari reagent mumhando dzakasiyana dzekugadzira.

1. Synthesis of Intermediates

1.1 Cyanohydrin Synthesis

Imwe yeakakosha maapplication e Sodium Cyanide mu pharmaceutical synthesis iri mukuumbwa kwe cyanohydrins. Kana iyo aldehyde kana ketone inopindirana nayo sodium cyanide Kana paine chinhu chinobatsira acid (kazhinji acid isina simba), cyanohydrin inogadzirwa. Maitiro ekuita izvi anosanganisira kuwedzera cyanide ion (CN-) mu nucleophilic. kabhoniyl kabhoni ye aldehyde kana ketone. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kwe mandelonitrile, benzaldehyde inopindura ne Sodium cyanide. Iyi reaction inomiririrwa sezvizvi:

Mandelonitrile uye mamwe macyanohydrins akakosha epakati mukubatanidzwa kwemishonga yakasiyana-siyana. Zvinogona kushandurwa zvakare kuita makomboni ane akasiyana biological zviitiko, senge alpha-hydroxy acids uye alpha-amino acids, izvo zvikamu zvakakosha zvemishonga yakawanda.

1.2 Nitrile Synthesis

Sodium cyanide inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya kugadzira nitriles. Mune SN2 (inotsiva nucleophilic bimolecular) maitiro, alkyl halides inobata ne sodium cyanide kuumba nitriles. Semuenzaniso, apo bromoethane inopindirana ne sodium cyanide, propionitrile inoumbwa:

Nitriles zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvaka mumakemikari emishonga. Inogona kuve hydrolyzed kune carboxylic acids, yakaderedzwa kuita amines, kana kuwedzera kuita kuti iite heterocyclic makomisheni. Mishonga yakawanda ine nitrile inoshanda mapoka, ayo anobatsira kune yavo pharmacological maitiro, senge mune mamwe antifungal uye antibacterial agents.

2. Kugadzirwa kweSpecific Pharmaceuticals

2.1 Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) Synthesis

Cyanocobalamin, inowanzozivikanwa sevhitamini B12. vhitamini yakakosha kune hutano hwevanhu. Kuumbwa kwe cyanocobalamin kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwe sodium cyanide. Muchikamu chekupedzisira cheimwe nzira dzekugadzira, cobalt - ine yepakati inobatwa ne sodium cyanide kuunza boka re cyanide, iro hunhu hwe cyanocobalamin. Boka re cyanide mu cyanocobalamin rinenge rakagadzikana pasi pemamiriro emuviri uye rinotora chikamu mukuita kwevhitamini yebhayoloji. Vitamin B12 yakakosha kuDNA synthesis, nerve function, uye kugadzirwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa, uye kugadzirwa kwayo kwesodium cyanide kunobatsira kuzadzisa kudiwa kwezvekudya uye kugadzirwa kwemishonga.

2.2 Synthesis yeMimwe Mishonga Inorwisa gomarara

Mukugadzirwa kwemamwe anti-kenza zvinodhaka, sodium cyanide inoshandiswa mukubatanidzwa kweakakosha epakati. Semuenzaniso, mukubatanidzwa kweimwe indole - yakavakirwa anti - cancer makomisheni, sodium cyanide inoshandiswa munhevedzano yemaitiro ekuvaka iyo molecular framework. Mapoka e nitrile akaunzwa nesodium cyanide anogona kugadziridzwa zvakare kuti awedzere kuwirirana kwemushonga wemasero egomarara, kurambidza ma enzymes anobatanidzwa mukukura kwekenza, kana kukanganisa nzira dzemetabolism dzekenza.

3. Matambudziko uye Kungwarira paKushandisa Sodium Cyanide

Kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide muindasitiri yemishonga kunouya nematambudziko makuru nekuda kwehupfu hwayo hwakanyanya. Matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza anodiwa mukubata kwayo, kuchengetedza, uye kushandiswa. Midziyo yakasarudzika uye vashandi vakadzidziswa zvakakosha kudzivirira chero kuvuza kana kuratidzwa. Muchigadzirwa chekugadzira, masisitimu ekufambisa akakodzera anoiswa kudzivirira kufemerwa chero kwecyanide - ine utsi. Pamusoro pezvo, kutonga kwemarara chinhu chakakosha. Chero tsvina ine sodium cyanide kana maitiro ayo zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kubatwa nekuchenjera kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kazhinji, nzira dzeoxidation dzinoshandiswa kushandura iyo ine muchetura cyanide makomisheni kuita zvinhu zvishoma zvinokuvadza zvisati zvaraswa.

4. Ramangwana Maonero

Sezvo indasitiri yemishonga iri kuramba ichishanduka, kutsvaga kwemaitiro anoshanda uye akachengeteka ekugadzira ari kuenderera mberi. Nepo sodium cyanide ichiramba iri yakakosha reagent mukugadzirwa kwemishonga ikozvino, kuedza kuri kuitwa kugadzira dzimwe nzira dzinogona kuderedza kana kubvisa kushandiswa kweiyi muchetura yakanyanya. Nekudaro, munguva pfupi iri kutevera, nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika reactivity yesodium cyanide mune dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira, inogona kuramba ichiita basa mukugadzirwa kwemamwe mishonga. Tsvagiridzo inogona kutarisisa pakugadzira mamwe anodzorwa maitiro ekuita kuderedza njodzi dzine chekuita nekushandiswa kwayo uye nekutsvaga akachengeteka analogs kana mamwe maitiro ekugadzira anogona kuwana zvakafanana zvigadzirwa zvemishonga zvine kuderera kwehupfu.

Mukupedzisa, sodium cyanide, pasinei nehuturu hwayo, yakabatsira zvikuru kumhizha yemishonga mukugadzirwa kwemishonga yakasiyana-siyana inokosha uye yepakati. Kushandiswa kwayo kwakaringana uye kwakachengeteka, pamwe chete nekuenderera mberi kwekuedza kutsvaga dzimwe nzira, kuchave kwakakosha mukusimudzira kwakasimba kwekugadzirwa kwemishonga.