Kuvandudza Kubudirira kweGoridhe Cyanide Leaching: Matanho uye Insights

ziviso

goridhe cyanide leaching inomira sedombo repakona muindasitiri yezvicherwa zvegoridhe, inozivikanwa nekubudirira kwayo mukuchera goridhe kubva mumatombo. Nekushandisa cyanide mhinduro, maitiro aya anonyungudutsa goridhe, zvichifambisa kupora kunotevera. Iyo yakareba-yakamira application uye yakaratidza rekodhi rekodhi yaita kuti ive sarudzo yakasarudzika kune akawanda mabasa emigodhi. Nekudaro, muindasitiri inotungamirwa nekubudirira uye kusimba, kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza kwecyanide leaching process kwakakosha. Iyi blog post inoongorora nzira dzakasiyana dzekusimudzira kushanda kwe Goridhe cyanide leaching, kuongorora zvese zvechinyakare optimizations uye yekucheka-kumucheto matekiniki.

Kunzwisisa Iyo Goridhe Cyanide Leaching Maitiro

Izvo zvakakosha zveCyanide Leaching

Mune goridhe cyanide leaching, cyanide ions (CN⁻) inobata negoridhe pamberi peokisijeni kuumba goridhe rinonyungudika - cyanide complexes. Mhedzisiro yacho yese inogona kurerutswa se:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Kuita uku kunoitika mumatanho makuru maviri. Chekutanga, goridhe rinoiswa oxidized neokisijeni, uye ipapo iyo oxidized goridhe inopindirana ne cyanide ions kuumba iyo inonyungudika yakaoma. Iyo leaching process inogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana, senge mumatangi mahombe ekubvongodzwa - tank leaching (inoshandiswa kune yakakwirira-giredhi ores kana concentrate) kana mumirwi yemurwi leaching (inokodzera yakaderera-giredhi ores).

Key Parameters Inobata Leaching Kubudirira

1. Cyanide Concentration: Kuchengetedza iyo yakakwana cyanide concentration kwakakosha. Kana iyo yakadzikira zvakanyanya, kunyungudika kwegoridhe kunogona kunge kusina kukwana. Sezvineiwo, kuwanda kwepamusoro hakungowedzere mutengo wecyanide asiwo kunokonzeresa njodzi kwezvakatipoteredza. Kune akawanda ores, cyanide concentration muhuwandu hwe0.05 - 0.1% inowanzoshandiswa, asi izvi zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemhando ye ore.

2. Oxygen Kuwanikwa: Okisijeni ndiyo yakakosha inopindirana mune yegoridhe - cyanide reaction. Okisijeni yakakwana inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya chiyero cheleaching. Mukumutswa - tangi leaching, mweya kana okisijeni yakachena inogona kuunzwa mumatangi ekuleaching. Chiyero che cyanide kune oxygen (CN⁻/O₂) inokanganisawo maitiro ekuita. Apo CN⁻/O₂ > 6. mhinduro yacho inonyanya kudzorwa neoxygen diffusion, nepo CN⁻/O₂ < 6. inodzorwa ne cyanide diffusion.

3. pH Chikamu: Iyo pH yeiyo leaching mhinduro inoita basa rakakosha. A high-alkaline environment (kazhinji pH 10 - 11) inochengetwa kudzivirira hydrolysis ye cyanide kupinda muhydrogen cyanide (HCN), ine chepfu uye inoputika gasi. Lime (CaO) inowanzowedzerwa kugadzirisa nekuchengetedza pH.

4. tembiricha: Kuwedzera tembiricha kunogona kuwedzera maitiro ekuita. Nekudaro, mukuita, tembiricha inowanzoganhurwa kusvika ku25 - 40 ° C. Kupisa kwepamusoro kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kushandiswa kwecyanide nekuda kwekuita kweparutivi uye kubuda.

Maitiro eKuvandudza Leaching Kubudirira

Optimizing Process Parameters

1. Kukuya uye Particle Size Kudzora: Kuona kukuya kwakakodzera kwesimbi kwakakosha. Finer particle sizes inofumura yakawanda nzvimbo yegoridhe - inotakura zvicherwa kune cyanide mhinduro, kufambisa nekukurumidza uye kuzere kudonha. Semuyenzaniso, mumugodhi wegoridhe muSouth Africa, kuderedza saizi yesimbi kubva pa75μm kusvika 53μm kwakawedzera mwero wekudzoreredza goridhe ne8% mukuita cyanide leaching process.

2. Kukurudzira uye Kushungurudza: Mukumutswa - tank leaching, kumhanyisa kunoshanda kunovimbisa kugovera kwakafanana kwezvikamu zveore, cyanide mhinduro, uye oksijeni mutangi. Izvi zvinovandudza kusangana pakati pezvinoita uye zvinosimudzira chiyero cheleaching. Yepamberi agitation masisitimu ane akasiyana - anomhanyisa mota anogona kugadziridzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zve ore uye leaching mamiriro.

3. Leaching Time Optimization: Kusarudza nguva yakakodzera yeleaching ndiyo chiyero. Kurebesa leaching kunogona kuwedzera goridhe kudzoreredza asi zvakare kunotungamira kune yakakwira cyanide kushandiswa uye mutengo wekushandisa. Kuburikidza nemiedzo yerabhoritari uye maitiro ekuenzanisa, iyo yakakwana nguva yeleaching inogona kutariswa kune akasiyana ore marudzi. Kune mamwe maore egiredhi epamusoro, nguva yekumhanyisa ye24 - 48 maawa inogona kukwana, nepo kune mamwe maore akaomarara, inogona kuwedzerwa kusvika kumaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri kana kupfuura.

Kushandisa Additives uye Promoters

1. Oxidizing Agents: Kuwedzerwa kwe oxidizing agents akadai sehydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), sodium peroxide (Na₂O₂), kana calcium peroxide (CaO₂) inogona kuwedzera goridhe leaching. Aya maoxidants anowedzera iyo yakanyungudika okisijeni yemukati mune slurry uye inomhanyisa oxidation yegoridhe. Semuyenzaniso, muchidzidzo chegoridhe refractory ore muAustralia, kuwedzera H₂O₂ pakusangana kwe2 kg/t yeore kwakawedzera mwero wegoridhe kubva pa70% kusvika 85% mukati menguva imwe chete yeleaching.

2. Heavy Metal Salts: Mamwe masimbi anorema esimbi, senge lead salt (semuenzaniso, Pb(NO₃)₂), anogona kuita sevanokurudzira mu cyanide leaching process. Vanoumba masero e-galvanic emunharaunda ane goridhe, achikurumidza kupera kwegoridhe. MuCanada cyanide chirimwa, kuwedzera Pb (NO₃) ₂ yakabatsira kuchengetedza yakanaka yakanyungudika oksijeni kutenderera mucyanide redunhu uye kukunda yakashata mhedzisiro yemaminerari e sulfide pane cyanidation.

3. Complexing Agents: Complexing agents dzakadai se ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) inogona kushandiswa chelate nekusvibiswa mune ore, zvakadai semhangura, zinc, uye iron ions. Izvi zvinoderedza makwikwi ezvitsvina izvi negoridhe ye cyanide ions, kuvandudza goridhe Leaching kunyatsoshanda.

Advanced Leaching Technologies

1. Oxygen - Enriched Leaching: Iyo inozivikanwawo seCIG (Carbon - in - Gold) oxygenation process, nzira iyi inosanganisira kuzadza okisijeni yakachena mutangi reLeaching pane kudzvanywa mweya. Iyo yakawedzera yakanyungudika yeokisijeni yemukati mune slurry inomhanyisa zvakanyanya kukurumidza leaching. Oxygen - yakafumiswa leaching inogona kuderedza nguva yeleaching inosvika 50% zvichienzaniswa nemhepo yechinyakare - leaching nzira uye kugadzirisa goridhe leaching rate ne10 - 20%.

2. Pressure Leaching: Pressure cyanide leaching inoitwa mumudziyo wekumanikidza. Kuwedzera kudzvinyirira kunowedzera kunyungudika kweokisijeni uye cyanide mumhinduro uye inomhanyisa chiyero chekuita. Pakumanikidzwa kwe2 × 10⁵ Pa, iyo goridhe yekunyungudika mwero inogona kuva gumi - 10 nguva iyo pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakajairwa. Iyi tekinoroji inonyanya kushanda kune refractory goridhe ores.

3. Ultrasonic - Assisted Leaching: Ultrasonic mafungu anogona kuunzwa panguva leaching muitiro. Iyo ultrasonic simba inogadzira cavitation mabhubhu muchikamu chemvura, icho chinodonha uye kuburitsa yakakwira - kudzvanywa uye yakakwirira - tembiricha micro - nharaunda. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchenesa pamusoro pezvimedu zvegoridhe, kuputsa dhizaini yakatenderedza zvimedu, uye kusimudzira kupinda kwecyanide mhinduro muore, nekudaro ichiwedzera kushanda kwayo.

Process Monitoring uye Kudzora

1. Online Analyzers: Kuita ma analyzer epamhepo emaparamendi akadai se cyanide concentration, okisijeni yemukati, pH, uye goridhe kusungirirwa muleachate inobvumira chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa maitiro ekuita leaching. Semuenzaniso, online cyanide analyzer inogona kuona shanduko mu cyanide concentration mukati memasekondi, ichigonesa vashandisi kugadzirisa cyanide yekuwedzera mwero nekukasira.

2. Automated Control Systems: Otomatiki kudzora masisitimu anogona kushandiswa kudzora maitiro akasiyana zvichienderana nedata kubva kune online analyzer. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kwecyanide, lime, uye oxidizing agents zvinogona kugadziridzwa otomatiki zvichienderana neyakagadzikwa kukosha kwecyanide concentration uye pH. Izvi zvinoderedza kukanganisa kwevanhu uye zvinovimbisa kugadzikana uye kushanda kwakanaka kwemaitiro ekucheka.

mhedziso

Kuvandudza kushanda kwegoridhe cyanide leaching ibasa rine mativi mazhinji rinosanganisira kukwiridzira echinyakare maitiro paramita, uchishandisa zvinowedzera uye zvinosimudzira, kutora. Advanced leaching matekinoroji, uye kushandisa maitiro anoshanda ekutarisa nekudzora masisitimu. Nekushandisa mazano aya, mashandiro emigodhi anogona kuvandudza mitengo yekudzosa goridhe, kuderedza kushandiswa kwecyanide, uye kuwedzera kusimba kwehupfumi uye kwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvo indasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe iri kuramba ichishanduka, kuenderera mberi nekutsvagisa muhunyanzvi hwecyanide leaching tekinoroji kuchave kwakakosha kusangana nematambudziko ekuoma kweore uye mitemo yezvakatipoteredza.