Chlorination Maitiro Ekurapa Cyanide Goridhe Sludge

ziviso

Muindasitiri yekubvisa goridhe, cyanide gold sludge chinhu chinogadzirwa panguva yekushandiswa kwecyanidation. Sludge iyi haina chete simbi dzinokosha dzakadai segoridhe nesirivha asiwo ine zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakaita secyanide . Kurapa cyanide gold sludge kwakakosha pakugadzirisa zviwanikwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Maitiro e chlorination ave nzira inoshanda yekurapa sludge iyi, ichipa nzira yekuparadzanisa simbi dzinokosha uye kubvisa chepfu muzvinhu zvine cyanide.

Nheyo dzeChlorination process

Oxidation uye Sarudzo Kusarudzika

Maitiro ekugadzira chlorine anoshandisa mukana wemhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi dzinokwanisa kuoxidation - kuderedza simba resimbi mune imwe nzira. Pakurapa cyanide gold sludge, kana chlorinating agent (yakadai sesodium chlorate mune imwe nzira ine acidic) yawedzerwa, simbi dzine low oxidation - kuderedza simba resimbi, dzakadai se zinc, iron, lead, uye copper, dzinonyanya kuoxidation uye kunyungudika mumushonga. Semuenzaniso, mune hydrochloric acid medium, simbi dziri mugold sludge dzinoita solution ne solution. Zvadaro, kana sodium chlorate yawedzerwa, inowedzera solution potential, zvichiita kuti copper nezvimwe tsvina zvisinganyungudike mu hydrochloric acid zvinyungudike zvizere uye zvinyungudike. Nekudzora solution potential, simbi dzinokosha dzakadai sesirivha negoridhe dzinogona kusiiwa mune zvakasara.

Kuparadza Cyanide

Cyanide iri mumatope egoridhe ine chepfu yakawanda. Kuisa chlorine mumasero kunogonawo kuita basa rekuparadza cyanide. Munzvimbo ine alkaline, kana chlorine-based oxidant (yakadai se chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, nezvimwewo) yawedzerwa, cyanide inotanga yaiswa oxidized kuti ive cyanate yozowedzerwa oxidized kuita Carbon dioxide ne nitrogen. Maitiro ese ekuita ndeaya anotevera: Kana paine alkaline solution, chlorine-ine oxidant yakawedzerwa inogadzira mhando dzakadai seOCl⁻. Cyanide (CN⁻) inosangana neOCl⁻, uye kuburikidza ne oxidation reactions dzakawanda, inoshandurwa kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi zvakanyanya.

Matanho ekushandisa eChlorination process mukurapa Cyanide Gold Sludge

Kufungidzira

Pamberi pekuita chlorination, iyo cyanide yegoridhe sludge inowanzoda pretreatment. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira maitirwo akadai sekukuya kudzikisa saizi yesludge, iyo inogona kuwedzera nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pesludge uye chlorinating agent, nekudaro ichivandudza maitiro ekuita. Pamusoro pezvo, kana sludge iine huwandu hwakakura hwehutsvina hunogona kukanganisa maitiro echlorination, senge kuwanda kweimwe simbi oxides kana sulfides, pre-leaching neakakodzera reagents inogona kuitwa kubvisa izvi zvinokanganisa zvinhu.

Chlorination Reaction

1.Chekutanga - danho reChlorination (Kubvisa Kusvibiswa)

• Muchikamu chekutanga cheklorination reaction, chinangwa chikuru ndechekubvisa simbi dzepasi kubva kune cyanide goridhe sludge. Iyo sludge inoiswa mumudziyo wekuita ine akakodzera acidic medium (kazhinji hydrochloric acid). Zvadaro, chlorinating agent, yakadai se sodium chlorate, inowedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Iko kuita tembiricha, acidity, uye chiyero chekuwedzera iyo chlorinating agent inoda kunyatsodzorwa. Semuenzaniso, tembiricha yekupindura inogona kuchengetedzwa mukati mehumwe huwandu, kazhinji kutenderera 40 - 60 °C, uye acidity yehydrochloric acid mhinduro inogadziridzwa kune yakaringana, kazhinji inotenderedza 1 - 3 mol / L.

• Munguva iyi maitiro, iyo oxidation - kuderedza mukana weiyo reaction system inotariswa. Kana iyo inogoneka yasvika kune yakatarwa siyana (semuenzaniso, yekubvisa mamwe masimbi epasi, iyo inogona kudzorwa pakati pe400 - 450 mV), simbi dzepasi senge zinc, iron, uye chikamu chemhangura zvinonyungudutswa mumhinduro. Iyo nguva yekuita inosiyana zvichienderana nekuumbwa uye chidimbu saizi yesludge, kazhinji kubva pa2 - 4 maawa.

2.Chechipiri - nhanho Chlorination (Goridhe neSilver Separation)

• Mushure mekutanga - nhanho yekubviswa kwetsvina, zvakasara zvakanyanya zvine goridhe, sirivheri, uye zvimwe zvakasara tsvina. Muchikamu chechipiri - nhanho yeklorini, mamiriro acho anogadziriswa kuti asarudze goridhe kana sirivheri. Kana chinangwa chiri chekunyungudutsa goridhe, maitiro ekuita anogadziriswa kuti awedzere oxidation - kuderedza kugona. Semuyenzaniso, nekuwedzera mamwe sodium chlorate uye kugadzirisa acidity uye tembiricha zvakakodzera, zvinokwanisika zvinogona kuwedzerwa kusvika siyana apo goridhe inogona oxidized uye kunyungudutswa (kazhinji kumativi 1000 - 1050 mV).

• Sezvo maitiro achienderera mberi, goridhe rinoshandurwa kuita soluble gold chloride complexes mumhinduro. Sirivha inogona kuumba insoluble sirivheri chloride pasi pemamwe mamiriro uye irambe iri mune zvakasara. Nguva yekuita padanho iri inogona kunge iri 0.5 - 1 awa, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwegoridhe mumatope.

Metal Recovery

1.Gold Recovery

• Mushure mokunge goridhe ranyungudutswa mumhinduro segoridhe chloride complexes, inogona kudzorerwa nekuderedza. Kuderedza maajenti akadai sodium sulfite, oxalic acid, kana hydrazine inogona kushandiswa. Paunenge uchishandisa sodium sulfite sechinhu chinoderedza, mhinduro inogadziriswa kune yakakodzera pH kukosha (kazhinji inenge 1 - 2), uye ipapo sodium sulfite inowedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Maitiro equation yekudzikiswa kwegoridhe chloride complexes nesodium sulfite ndeiyi: 3H₂O + 3Na₂SO₃+2HAuCl₄ = 3Na₂SO₄ + 8HCl + 2Au.

• Iyo yekudzikisa maitiro inotariswa zvakare nekuyera iyo oxidation - kuderedza kugona kwemhinduro. Mhedziso - pfungwa yekuderedza inogona kutsanangurwa kana iyo inogona kusvika kune imwe kukosha (somuenzaniso, yekutanga - nhanho yekuderedza uchishandisa sodium sulfite, kuguma - pfungwa inogona kunge yakakomberedza 590 - 730 mV). Ndarama inenge yanaya inobva yasefa, yogezwa, yoomeswa kuti muwane zvinhu zvegoridhe chairo.

2.Silver Recovery

• Kana sirivheri ikaramba iri mune zvakasara mushure mechipiri - nhanho yeklorini, inogona kuenderera mberi kugadziriswa kuti iwanezve sirivha. Imwe nzira yakajairika ndeyekubata zvakasara neajenti yakakodzera yekunyungudutsa sirivheri, sekushandisa nitric acid kunyungudutsa sirivheri chloride kugadzira sirivheri nitrate solution. Zvadaro, sirivheri inogona kudzoserwa kubva kusirivheri nitrate mhinduro nenzira dzakadai seye electrolysis kana kudzikisira neakakodzera kudzikisa mumiririri.

Cyanide - ine Wastewater Treatment

Mvura yetsvina inogadzirwa panguva yeklorination process yecyanide gold sludge ine yasara cyanide. Kuti isangane nezviyero zvekuburitsa kwezvakatipoteredza, iyi tsvina inoda kurapwa. Alkaline chlorination inzira yakajairika yekurapa rudzi urwu rwemvura yakasviba. Munzvimbo ine alkaline (pH> 10), chlorine-based oxidant inowedzerwa kumvura yakasviba. Cyanide mumvura yetsvina inoiswa oxidized kuti iite cyanate kutanga yozowedzera oxidized kune isiri-chepfu kabhoni dhayokisaidhi uye nitrogen. Kuita kunoitwa pasi pekusanganisa kwakaringana uye kuita nguva mamiriro kuti ive nechokwadi chekuzadza oxidation yecyanide.

Zvakanakira zveChlorination Process

High Metal Recovery Rate

Iyo chlorination process inogona kuwana yakakwira kudzoreredza chiyero chesimbi dzakakosha mucyanide goridhe sludge. Nekunyatso kudzora maitiro ekuita uye oxidation - kuderedza kugona, zvinokwanisika kunyungudika nekusarudza uye kudzoreredza goridhe nesirivheri, uku uchinyatsobvisa kusvibiswa kwesimbi. Semuenzaniso, mune zvakanaka-yakagadziridzwa maitiro, iyo goridhe yekudzoreredza mwero inogona kusvika pamusoro pe95%, uye sirivheri yekudzoreredza mwero inogona zvakare kunge yakakwira, zvichienderana nekutanga kuumbwa kwedhaka.

Inoshanda Cyanide Kuparadza

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, iyo chlorination process inogona kuparadza zvine muchetura cyanide mumatope egoridhe. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru pakuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, sezvo zvichigona kudzivirira kuburitswa kwecyanide mukati menharaunda, kuderedza kukuvadza kungangoita kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza.

Kuchinjika kune Yakasiyana Sludge Maumbirwo

Iyo chlorination process inoratidza yakanaka kuchinjika kune cyanide goridhe sludges ane akasiyana maumbirwo. Ingave sludge ine yakakwira kana yakaderera yegoridhe, sirivheri, uye akasiyana simbi simbi, kwakakodzera gadziriso yemamiriro ekuita senge rudzi uye huwandu hwechlorinating agent, reaction tembiricha, acidity, uye oxidation - kuderedza kugona kunogona kuitwa kuti uwane kurapa kunoshanda.

Matambudziko uye Mhinduro muChlorination process

Equipment Corrosion

Iyo acidic uye oxidizing nharaunda mune chlorination process inogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwemidziyo. Kushandiswa kweklorini - ine oxidants uye acidic media, kunyanya hydrochloric acid, inogona kukanganisa midziyo inopindirana, mapaipi, nemimwe michina. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, corrosion - inodzivirira zvinhu zvinoda kusarudzwa. Semuyenzaniso, midziyo inopindirana inogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita seyepamusoro-mhando yesimbi isina tsvina, titanium alloys, kana yakamisikidzwa necorrosion - inodzivirira zvinhu senge rabha kana graphite. Kugara uchiongorora uye kugadzirisa kwemidziyo kunodiwawo kuti uone uye kugadzirisa corrosion - zvine chekuita nematambudziko nenguva.

Chizvarwa cheToxic By - zvigadzirwa

Munguva ye chlorination process, kunyanya mukurapa kwe cyanide - ine zvinhu, kune njodzi yekugadzira chepfu ne - zvigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, kana cyanide yakasvibiswa, cyanogen chloride, iyo ine chepfu, inogona kugadzirwa. Kuti ugadzirise dambudziko iri, mamiriro ekuita akakodzera anofanirwa kunyatsodzorwa. Panyaya ye cyanide oxidation, kuchengetedza nzvimbo ye alkaline inogona kudzivirira kuumbwa kwe cyanogen chloride. Pamusoro pezvo, kufefetera kwakaringana uye masisitimu ekurapa gasi anofanirwa kuiswa munzvimbo yekugadzira kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwegasi rine muchetura.

High Energy uye Reagent Kushandiswa

Iyo chlorination process inowanzoda imwe chiyero chesimba pakudziya, kubvongodza, uye yekushandisa michina. Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kweklorinating agents uye mamwe mareagents anounzawo mari. Kuti uderedze simba uye reagents kushandiswa, process optimization inogona kuitwa. Semuenzaniso, kuburikidza nekuvandudza maitiro ekuita nekugadzirisa maitiro ekuita, kudzikisira kusingakodzeri kupisa uye kubvongodza nguva, uye nekuvandudza mwero wekushandiswa kwemareagents kuburikidza nekugadzirisa zvirinani dhizaini uye kutonga.

mhedziso

Iyo chlorination process inzira inovimbisa yekurapa cyanide gold sludge. Inobatanidza kudzoreredzwa kwesimbi dzakakosha uye detoxification yecyanide - ine zvinhu. Kunyangwe paine zvimwe zvinonetsa mukushandiswa kwayo, nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji uye kugamuchirwa kwemhinduro dzakakodzera, iyo chlorination process inogona kuita basa rinowedzera kukosha muindasitiri yekuchera goridhe, zvichibatsira kune zvese zvakanaka zvehupfumi uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.