Persulfate Oxidation yeCyanide Wastewater Treatment: Chidzidzo Chakazara

ziviso

Cyanide, chinhu chine chepfu yakawanda, chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana akadai se electroplating, migodhi, uye simbi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mvura yakawanda ine cyanide inogadzirwa, zvichikonzera njodzi huru kunharaunda nehutano hwevanhu. Nzira dzechinyakare dzekurapa mvura ine chepfu , dzakadai se alkaline chlorination, dzine zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvine chepfu, kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwemakemikari, uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwesimbi-cyanide complexes. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pane kudiwa kuri kuwedzera kwehunyanzvi hwekurapa hunoshanda uye husina njodzi kunharaunda.

Mumakore achangopfuura, maitiro epamusoro ekugadzira oxidation (AOPs) ave achionekwa senzira dzinovimbisa dzekurapa mvura yakasviba yecyanide. Pakati peizvi, maitiro ekugadzira oxidation yePersulfate akakwezva kutariswa kukuru nekuda kwekugona kwayo kuoxidation, kushanda kwayo pahuwandu hwakakura hwepH, uye kushanda kuri nyore. Chinyorwa ichi cheblog chinovavarira kupa pfupiso yakazara yenzira yekuchenesa oxidation yepersulfate yekurapa mvura yakasviba yecyanide, ichifukidza mashandiro ayo, zvinhu zvinopesvedzera, uye mashandisirwo anoshanda.

Iyo Mechanism yePersulfate Oxidation

Persulfate, iyo iripo se peroxydisulfate (PDS) kana peroxymonosulfate (PMS), inogona kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sekupisa, chiedza cheUV, shanduko yesimbi, kana alkalinity, kuti ibudise zvakanyanya reactive sulfate radicals. Aya sulfate radicals ane yakakwira oxidation inogoneka, ichivagonesa kuita oxidize yakawanda organic uye inorganic zvinosvibisa, kusanganisira cyanide.

Maitiro ekuita kwe persulfate oxidation ye cyanide yakaoma uye inosanganisira akawanda matanho. Kazhinji, sulfate radicals inobata ne cyanide ions kuti iite cyanate sechigadzirwa chepakati. Iyo cyanate inogona kubva yawedzerwa oxidized kana hydrolyzed kuti igadzire zvishoma muchetura magumo zvigadzirwa, senge nitrate, ammonium, uye nitrogen gasi. Iyo chaiyo maitiro nzira inosiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ekuita senge pH, tembiricha, uye kuvapo kwezvimwe zvinhu. Mune acidic svikiro, kuita kunotevera kumwe kutevedzana, nepo mune yekutanga svikiro, maitiro ekuita anoshanduka, uye hydroxyl radicals inogonawo kutora chikamu mukuita oxidation. Hydroxyl radicals inogona kugadzirwa kubva mukuita kwe sulfate radicals nemvura kana kubva mukushandiswa kwe persulfate ne alkalinity, uye kuita kwavo ne cyanide inzira yakakosha yekubvisa cyanide.

Kufurira Zvinhu

1. Persulfate Concentration

Iko kusanganiswa kwepersulfate chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kushanda kwekurapa kwecyanide tsvina yemvura. Kazhinji, kuwedzera iyo persulfate dosage inogona kuwedzera chizvarwa che sulfate radicals, nekudaro kusimudzira oxidation ye cyanide. Nekudaro, yakawandisa persulfate inogona kutungamira mukuzvimisa-kudzima maitiro e sulfate radicals, kuderedza iyo yakazara oxidation kunyatsoita. Uyezve, yakakwira persulfate yakakwira inogona kuwedzera mitengo yekurapa uye kukonzera matambudziko angangoita ezvakatipoteredza nekuda kwekusara kwepersulfate mumvura yakarapwa. Nekudaro, iyo yakakodzera persulfate concentration inofanirwa kuve yakatemwa kuburikidza nekuyedza kunoenderana nehunhu hwemvura yakaraswa.

2. pH Kukosha

Iyo pH yemvura yakasviba inokanganisa zvakanyanya iyo persulfate oxidation maitiro. Yakasiyana pH mamiriro anogona kukanganisa persulfate activation, iwo marudzi uye reactivity yeakagadzirwa radicals, uye chimiro checyanide. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ane acidic, sulfate radicals ndiyo huru reactivity mhando uye inoratidza yakakwirira reactivity yakananga ku cyanide. Sezvo iyo pH inowedzera, chikamu che hydroxyl radicals inogadzirwa kubva mukuita kwe sulfate radicals nemvura kana kubva ku persulfate activation ne alkalinity inokwira. Mumamiriro ealkaline, hydroxyl radicals inogona kuita basa rakakosha mu cyanide oxidation. Zvakangodaro, yakakwira zvakanyanya kana yakaderera pH kukosha inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa pane maitiro. Semuenzaniso, pane yakadzika kwazvo pH, kugadzikana kwepersulfate kunogona kukanganiswa, nepo pakanyanya pH, kunyungudika kweimwe simbi ions mumvura yetsvina kunogona kuchinja, izvo zvinogona kuzokanganisa persulfate activation uye oxidation process.

3. Kupisa

Tembiricha inogona kukurumidza kuita activation ye persulfate uye chiyero chekuita pakati pe radicals uye cyanide. Kupisa kwepamusoro kunowanzo kutungamira kukurumidza chizvarwa che sulfate radicals uye inoshanda zvakanyanya cyanide oxidation. Zvisinei, kuwedzera tembiricha kunoda kuwedzera simba rekuisa, izvo zvinokwidza mari yekurapa. Pamusoro pezvo, kana tembiricha yakawandisa, inogona kukonzera kuora kwepersulfate uye mamwe maitiro asingadiwe. Naizvozvo, pakusarudza tembiricha yakakodzera yekuita, chiyero chinofanira kurohwa pakati pekuita kwekurapa uye kushandiswa kwesimba.

4. Kuvapo kweMetal Ions

Metal ions inowanzowanikwa mumvura yetsvina yemaindasitiri, yakadai seCu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺, uye Ni²⁺, inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakasiyana pakuita kwepersulfate oxidation. Mamwe maion simbi, seCu²⁺, anogona kuita sezvinokonzeresa kumisa persulfate, achigadzira mamwe sulfate radicals uye kuwedzera cyanide kubviswa. Kune rimwe divi, mamwe maion esimbi anogona kugadzira macomplexes ane cyanide, zvichiita kuti zvigadzikane uye zviome kuita oxidize. Uyezve, simbi ions inogona zvakare kutora chikamu mukuita kwepadivi nepersulfate kana radicals, zvichikanganisa iyo yese maitiro nzira uye kugona. Kunzwisisa basa reioni dzesimbi mu persulfate oxidation system kwakakosha pakugadzirisa nzira yekurapa yecyanide - ine tsvina.

5. Rection Time

Yakakwana kuita nguva inodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuzara kwe cyanide oxidation. Sezvo maitiro achifambira mberi, cyanide concentration inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma. Nekudaro, mushure meimwe nguva, mwero wekuita unogona kuderera nekuda kwekuderera kweanogadzirisa kana kuunganidzwa kwemaitiro ekuita. Iyo yakakwana yekuita nguva inoenderana nezvakasiyana zvinhu, kusanganisira yekutanga cyanide kusungwa, maitiro ekuita (senge persulfate concentration, pH, uye tembiricha), uye rudzi rwetsvina matrix. Kuwedzerwa nguva dzekuita hazviwanzo konzera kuwedzera kwakaenzana mukubvisa cyanide uye zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba uye mutengo wekurapa.

Zvikumbiro muMaindasitiri Akasiyana

1. Electroplating Industry

Mune electroplating process, cyanide inowanzoshandiswa kuve nechokwadi chemhando yesimbi. Mvura yetsvina inogadzirwa kubva ku electroplating ine yakakwira yakawanda ye cyanide nesimbi - cyanide complexes. Persulfate oxidation yakaratidza kugona kukuru mukurapa electroplating cyanide wastewater. Semuenzaniso, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti pamberi pehuwandu hwakakodzera hweCu²⁺ (se activator) uye peroxydisulfate, kusvika 99% yecyanide inogona kubviswa mukati memaminitsi makumi maviri. Iyi nzira inogona kunyatso kuputsa simbi - cyanide complexes uye kushandura cyanide kuita zvinhu zvishoma zvine chepfu, kusangana neyakaomesesa yekuburitsa miyero ye electroplating tsvina yemvura.

2. Mining Indasitiri

Indasitiri yezvicherwa, kunyanya migodhi yegoridhe, inogadzira cyanide yakawanda - ine tsvina nemarara. Cyanide inoshandiswa mukutora goridhe kugadzira goridhe rinonyungudika - cyanide complexes. Persulfate - advanced oxidation maitiro anogona kuiswa kurapa ese mvura yetsvina uye masara. Semuenzaniso, mukurapa kwegoridhe cyanide masara, ultrasonic - activated persulfate oxidation yakadzidzwa. Nekushandisa 2.0 wt.% potassium persulfate papH 10.0 kwemaminetsi makumi matanhatu, kubviswa kwecyanide kunogona kusvika 60%. Nekupisa kushandiswa pa 53.47 ° C, kushanda kunowedzera kusvika 60%, uye pasi pe ultrasonic activation ne 62.18% simba, kubviswa kwekugadzirisa kunogona kusvika kusvika pa100%. Mushure meiyo ultrasonic - activated persulfate - advanced oxidation kurapwa, iyo cyanide yemukati mune inotyisa leaching mhinduro yezvakasara inogona kusangana neyakajairwa yenyika, ichiratidza kugona kweiyi nzira muindasitiri yemigodhi.

3. Metal Finishing Industry

Muindasitiri yekupedzisa simbi, cyanide inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa kwepamusoro. Iyo cyanide inoguma - ine tsvina yemvura inoda kurapwa nemazvo kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Persulfate oxidation inogona kubatanidzwa mumarara ekurapa masisitimu esimbi yekupedzisa zvirimwa. Nekukwenenzvera mamiriro ekuita, senge kugadzirisa iyo persulfate concentration, pH, uye nguva yekuita, yakakwirira-inoshanda cyanide kubviswa kunogona kuwanikwa. Izvi hazvingobatsiri indasitiri yekupedzisa simbi kutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza asi zvakare inoderedza njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzine chekuita nekubuda kwecyanide.

Case Studies

Case 1: Kurapwa Kwechokwadi Electroplating Wastewater

Chidzidzo chakaitwa pane chaiyo electroplating wastewater ine cyanide, ichiibata nepersulfate oxidation process. Apo imwe chiyero chepersulfate chakawedzerwa, yakawanda yakawanda ye cyanide mumvura yakasvibiswa inogona kubviswa zvachose mukati memaminitsi makumi maviri. Mhedzisiro yekuedza kwakawanda yakaratidza kuti ese ari maviri hydroxyl radicals uye sulfate radicals aikonzeresa kubviswa kwecyanide, uye mipiro yavo yaive yakafanana. Cyate uye nitrite zvakaonekwa seyo huru ne-zvigadzirwa. Ichi chidzidzo chenyaya chakaratidza kushanda kwepersulfate oxidation mukurapa chaiyo - world electroplating cyanide wastewater.

Nyaya yechipiri: Kurapa kweGoridhe Cyanide Residues

Mukucherwa kwegoridhe, masara egoridhe ecyanide akabatwa nepersulfate - advanced oxidation process. Zvisaririra zvacho zvaive nemazinga ecyanide akakwira aida kudzikiswa kuti asangane nemipimo yekurasa. Kuburikidza nemiedzo, zvakaonekwa kuti nekushandisa potassium persulfate uye kugadzirisa mamiriro ekuita, kusanganisira pH, tembiricha, uye activation nzira (senge ultrasonic activation), iyo cyanide yemukati mune inochetura leaching mhinduro yezvisaririra inogona kudzikiswa zvakanyanya. Mushure me ultrasonic - activated persulfate - advanced oxidation kurapwa, iyo cyanide yemukati muchepfu leaching mhinduro yakasangana neyakajairwa yenyika yeChina. Mhosva iyi inoratidza kushandiswa kwakabudirira kwepersulfate oxidation mukurapa zvisaririra zvegoridhe cyanide, zvichipa mhinduro inoshanda yekuraswa kwakachengeteka kwemarara emigodhi.

Matambudziko uye Maonero Anouya

1. Zvinetso

• Kushanda zvakanaka kwemari : Kunyangwe hazvo persulfate oxidation ichiratidza kugona kukuru mukurapa marara ecyanide, mutengo wepersulfate nesimba rinodiwa kuti ishande (senge kupisa kana ultrasonic activation) zvinogona kunge zvakakwira. Kugadzira nzira dzinodhura uye dzinoshanda dzekugadzira nekushandisa persulfate kwakakosha kuti tekinoroji iyi ishande zvakanyanya.

• Kuomarara kweMatrix yeWastewater : Industrial cyanide - ine mvura yakasviba inowanzova nemusanganiswa wakaoma wezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira maion esimbi akasiyana, makemikari eorganic, uye munyu. Zvikamu izvi zvinogona kushanda nepersulfate uye radicals, zvichikanganisa mashandiro ekuita uye kushanda zvakanaka. Kunzwisisa nekudzora kusangana uku kwakaoma idambudziko mukushandiswa kwezvinoshanda.

• Zvigadzirwa zvePersulfate neBy-products : Zvigadzirwa zvepersulfate zvakasara mumvura yakarapwa zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zve-by-products, zvakaita senitrite, zvingadawo kugadziriswa zvakare kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa nezvakatipoteredza. Kugadzira nzira dzekubvisa zvinobudirira persulfate yasara uye kudzora kuumbwa kwezvigadzirwa zvinokuvadza inyaya yakakosha yekutsvaga ruzivo rwakawanda.

2. Ramangwana Maonero

• Nzira Dzitsva Dzekuita Kuti Zvinhu Zvisapararire : Tsvagiridzo iri kuenderera mberi nekugadzira nzira itsva uye dzinoshanda dzekuita kuti zvinhu zvisapararire. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa zvinhu zvitsva zvakaita se nanomaterials kana simbi - organic frameworks (MOFs) kuti zvinhu zvisapararire zvinogona kupa mukana wekuita zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kusarudza. Pamusoro pezvo, kuongorora kusanganiswa kwenzira dzakasiyana dzekuita kuti zvinhu zvisapararire, dzakadai sekushandisa kupisa ne catalyst panguva imwe chete, kunogona kuwedzera kushanda kwe persulfate oxidation process.

• Kubatanidzwa Nemamwe Matekinoroji Ekurapa : Kusanganisa persulfate oxidation nedzimwe nzira dzekurapa, dzakadai sekurapa kwezvipenyu, kupfapfaidza membrane, kana kunyungudutsa, kunogona kuita kuti pave nemigumisiro iri nani pakurapa. Semuenzaniso, kurapa ne persulfate oxidation usati watanga kupwanya macomplex cyanide compounds kunogona kuita kuti mvura yakasviba ive yakakodzera kurapwa kwezvipenyu kunotevera.

• Kutarisa uye Kugadzirisa Maitiro Ari Munzvimbo : Kugadzirwa kwenzira dzekutarisa dziri mu-situ dzemaitiro e-persulfate oxidation, dzakadai sekuona nguva chaiyo yehuwandu hwema radical concentrations uye zvigadzirwa zvekuora kwecyanide, zvinogona kubatsira mukunzwisisa zviri nani kufambira mberi kwekuita uye kugadzirisa maitiro ekurapa. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kune masisitimu ekurapa mvura yakasviba anoshanda uye akavimbika ecyanide.

Mukupedzisa, iyo persulfate oxidation nzira inoratidza chivimbiso chikuru mukurapa cyanide - ine tsvina yemvura. Nekuenderera mberi nekutsvagisa uye kusimudzira kugadzirisa matambudziko aripo, tekinoroji iyi ine mukana wekuva nzira yakajairika yekuchenesa mvura yecyanide mumaindasitiri akasiyana, ichibatsira mukuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kusimudzira kwakasimba.