Mhedzisiro yekunyanyisa Sodium Cyanide Kushandisa muGoridhe Leaching process

Muindasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe, the cyanide leaching process, kunyanya kushandisa Sodium cyanide, inzira yakajairika yekuchera goridhe kubva mumatombo. Zvisinei, the Kushandisa zvakanyanya of Sodium Cyanide mukuita uku kunogona kutungamirira kune dzakatevedzana dzematambudziko akakosha, ayo anokanganisa kune ese ari maviri ehupfumi emabasa emigodhi uye zvakatipoteredza.

1. Kuwedzera Kushandiswa Kwemari

1.1 Yakanyanya Kushandiswa Kwemakemikari

Sodium cyanide haisi reagent isingadhuri. Kana ichishandiswa muhuwandu hwakawandisa, mutengo wakananga wekutenga iyi kemikari inokwira zvakanyanya. Migodhi inofanirwa kugovera chikamu chikuru chebhajeti ravo kuti vawane huwandu hunodiwa sodium cyanide. Semuenzaniso, kana mugodhi uchiwanzoshanda neyakakwana cyanide concentration ye 0.05% - 0.1% muleaching solution, asi nekuda kwekusatungamira zvakanaka kana kusanzwisisana kwacho kwemaitiro, iyo pfungwa inowedzerwa kusvika 0.2%, huwandu hwesodium cyanide inopedzwa payuniti yeore yakagadziridzwa ingangoita kaviri kana katatu. Izvi zvinokwidza zvakananga mari yekutenga makemikari, ichidya mumari yepurofiti yebasa rekuchera.

1.2 Mari yekuwedzera Kurapa

Yakawandisa sodium cyanide mukuita leaching inokonzeresa mazinga epamusoro ecyanide mumvura yetsvina inogadzirwa. Kurapa iyi mvura yakasviba kuti isangane nemiyero yekuburitsa nharaunda kunowedzera kuoma uye kunodhura. Nzira dzakajairwa dzekubvisa cyanide kubva mumvura yakasviba, senge makemikari oxidation (uchishandisa chlorine kana hydrogen peroxide), biological kurapwa, kana ion exchange, zvese zvinoda mamwe mareagents, simba, uye nguva refu yekurapa kana cyanide concentration yakakwira. Semuyenzaniso, mumakemikari oxidation process, mamwe maoxidizing agents anofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuputsa mazinga epamusoro ecyanide. Izvi hazvisi kungowedzera mutengo wemakemikari e oxidizing asiwo zvingada midziyo yakakura yekuita uye simba rakawanda rekusanganisa nekuita, zvichiwedzera kune mari yose yekushanda yemugodhi.

2. Kusvibisa Kwemagariro

2.1 Kusvibiswa kweMvura

2.1.1 Kuvhiringwa kweAquatic Ecosystem

Kana yakawandisa sodium cyanide iripo mukuita leaching, kune njodzi yakawedzera yekudurura cyanide mumiviri yemvura. Cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya kuhupenyu hwemumvura. Kunyangwe pakudzika kwakadzika, zvinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakakomba kuhove, invertebrates, uye zvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura. Semuenzaniso, muchiitiko chekuteuka kweBaia Mare cyanide muRomania muna 2000. kuputika kwedhamu rematailings kwakaburitsa 100.000 cubic metres yecyanide - yakasvibiswa mvura yetsvina munzizi dzeTisza neDanube. Kuwanda kwe<em>cyanide mumvura kwakauraya nhamba huru dzehove, kuchivhiringidza cheni yose yezvokudya zvomumvura. Zvidyarwa zvemumvura zvinogonawo kukanganiswa, sezvo cyanide inogona kukanganisa photosynthesis yavo uye maitiro ekufema, zvichikonzera kuderera kwekukura nekubudirira.

2.1.2 Kusvibiswa kweMvura yekunwa

Cyanide - mvura ine tsvina kubva kumigodhi inogona zvakare kupinda mumvura yepasi kana kusvibisa pamusoro pemvura inoshandiswa pakunwa mvura. Cyanide mumvura yekunwa injodzi huru yehutano. Kunyangwe zvidiki zve cyanide zvinogona kukonzeresa hutano hwakanyanya semusoro, dzungu, uye mumatambudziko akaomarara, zvinogona kuuraya. MuUnited States, muna 1982. pamugodhi weZortman - Landusky muMontana, 52.000 magaloni emushonga we cyanide akadedera uye akaisa chepfu mu aquifer iyo yakapa mvura yakachena yekunwa kuguta reZortman. Chiitiko ichi chakaratidza mukana wekusvibiswa kwemugodhi-ine chekuita necyanide kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu kuburikidza nekusvibiswa kwemvura yekunwa.

2.2 Kusvibiswa kwevhu

Kana cyanide - iine mvura yetsvina kana tsvina yakasimba kubva mukucherwa kwemigodhi (senge maswe) ikaraswa zvisina kufanira panyika, inogona kusvibisa ivhu. Cyanide muvhu inogona kuramba kwenguva yakareba, kunyanya mumamiriro eanaerobic. Izvi zvinogona kuva nekukanganisa kwakati wandei pane ecosystem yevhu. Inogona kudzivisa kukura kwezvirimwa nekuvhiringidza nemidzi yavo yekushanda uye kutora kwekudya. Mimwe miti inogona kuratidza kukura kwakamira, kutsvuka kwemashizha, kana kutofa. Uyezve, utachiona hwevhu, hunoita basa rakakosha mukutenderera kwechikafu uye kuorera kwevhu, hunogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya. Basa rebhakitiriya rinobatsira uye fungi rinogona kudziviswa, zvichiita kuti kuderera kwehutano hwevhu uye kubudirira.

2.3 Kusvibiswa Kwemhepo

Mu Gold leaching process, kana mamiriro acho asina kunyatsogadziriswa, yakawandisa sodium cyanide inogona kutungamirira pakuumbwa uye kusunungurwa kwehydrogen cyanide (HCN) gasi. HCN igasi rinoputika uye rine muchetura zvakanyanya. Kana sodium cyanide ikasangana nemaasidhi (anogona kunge aripo mune ore kana kuwedzerwa panguva yekuita) kana pasi pemamwe pH mamiriro, HCN inogona kugadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, kana iyo pH yemushonga wekuchenesa ichidonha pazasi peimwe nhanho, sodium cyanide inogona kuita ne acidic zvinhu mumhinduro kuumba hydrogen cyanide uye sodium makomisheni. Kuburitswa kweHCN gasi mumhepo kunoisa njodzi huru kuhutano hwevashandi vemumigodhi nenharaunda dziri pedyo. Inhalation yeHCN inogona kukonzera kukurumidza kufema, dzungu, kusvotwa, uye muhuwandu hwakanyanya, kunogona kuve nekukurumidza kutyisidzira hupenyu.

3. Impact paLeaching process pachayo

3.1 Zvishoma-zvishoma Leaching Rates

Kusiyana nezvingatarisirwa, kushandisa yakawandisa sodium cyanide hazvireve kuti zvinotungamira nekukurumidza kana zvakanyanya kushanda. Kuchera goridhe. Kutaura zvazviri, mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakasiyana. Kuwanda kwe cyanide kunogona kukonzera kuumbwa kwesimbi - cyanide complexes nedzimwe simbi dziri mu ore, dzakadai semhangura, zinc, kana iron. Aya macomplexes anogona kudya cyanide uye kuderedza huwandu hwemahara cyanide iripo yekuita negoridhe. Semuenzaniso, mhangura iripo mune ore inogona kuumba yakagadzikana mhangura - cyanide complexes. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mwero wekunyungudika kwegoridhe unogona kudzikira, uye kugona kwese kudonha kunogona kudzikira.

3.2 Kuvhiringidza Matanho Anotevera Kurapwa

Yakawandisa cyanide mune leaching mhinduro inogona zvakare kukonzera matambudziko mumatanho anotevera eiyo goridhe kudzoreredza maitiro. Semuyenzaniso, mukuita kwekunaya kwegoridhe kubva kune leachate uchishandisa zinc huruva (iyo Merrill - Crowe process), yakakwira cyanide concentrations inogona kutungamira mukuumbwa kwezinc - cyanide complexes. Aya macomplexes anogona kukanganisa kunaya kwegoridhe, kuderedza goho rekudzoreredza goridhe. Pamusoro pezvo, kana iri nyaya yekushandisa activated kabhoni yegoridhe adsorption kubva kune leachate, yakawandisa cyanide inogona kukanganisa adsorption kugona kwekabhoni, sezvo mamwe cyanide - simbi macomplexes anogona zvakare kuve adsorbed pamusoro pekabhoni, achikwikwidza negoridhe kune adsorption nzvimbo.

Mukupedzisa, kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwesodium cyanide mukuita kwegoridhe leaching idambudziko rakatarisana nerakawanda rine zvinosvika kure kune indasitiri yemigodhi, nharaunda, uye hutano hwevanhu. Migodhi inofanirwa kutarisisa nekudzora huwandu hwesodium cyanide inoshandiswa mukuita leaching kuti ive nechokwadi chekucherwa kwegoridhe kwakanaka, kudhura - kunoshanda, uye zvakatipoteredza.