Kurapa Nzira dzeCyanide - Iine Pharmaceutical Wastewater

ziviso

Nekukura kuri kuita indasitiri yemishonga nekukurumidza, kurapwa kwemvura yakasviba ine cyanide kwave nyaya yakakosha munyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Cyanide chinhu chine chepfu yakawanda, uye kunyangwe chikamu chidiki chayo chinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kukuru kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Kuburitswa kwemvura yakasviba ine cyanide yemishonga pasina kurapwa kwakakodzera kuchava nengozi huru kumasosi emvura, zvipenyu zvemumvura, uye nharaunda yese. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kushandisa nzira dzinoshanda dzekurapa kuderedza huwandu hwecyanide mumvura yakasviba yemishonga kusvika padanho rinogamuchirika.

Zvitubu uye Njodzi dzeCyanide muMushonga weWastewater

Sources

Cyanide inoshandiswa mune mamwe maitiro ekugadzira mishonga. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kweimwe mishonga, cyanide - ine makomisheni inogona kushandiswa seyakabikwa kana kuita kwepakati. Munguva yekugadzira, cyanide inopinda mumvura yakasviba, zvichikonzera kugadzirwa kwecyanide - ine mishonga inorasa mvura.

Njodzi

1. Kukuvadza Vanhu : Cyanide inogona kudzivirira kushanda kwe cytochrome oxidase mumuviri wemunhu, ichidzivisa kutamiswa kwemaerekitironi mumuviri wekufema, uye pakupedzisira ichikonzera hypoxia yetishu. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, inogona kukonzera rufu nekukurumidza. Kunyangwe kugara kwenguva refu mu cyanide isina huwandu hwakawanda kunogona kukonzera chepfu isingaperi, ichikanganisa tsinga, hurongwa hwemwoyo, uye mamwe mabasa emuviri.

2. Kukuvadza Hunhu Hwezvinhu : Munzvimbo yemvura, cyanide ine chepfu yakawanda kuhove nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura. Inogona kukuvadza magill netsinga dzezvinhu zvipenyu zvemumvura, zvichideredza kugona kwazvo kufema nekurarama. Uyezve, kuburikidza neketani yechikafu, cyanide inogona kuunganidzwa nekuwedzerwa, zvichikonzera njodzi kuzvinhu zvipenyu zvepamusoro-soro muketani yechikafu.

Common Kurapa Nzira dzeCyanide - Ine Pharmaceutical Wastewater

Chemical Oxidation Method

1.Alkaline Chlorination

• Musimboti : Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu ealkaline (kazhinji pH = 10 - 11), ma oxidant ane chlorine akadai se chlorine gas kana sodium hypochlorite anowedzerwa mumvura yakasviba. Cyanide inotanga yasanganiswa kuita cyanate, yozosanganiswazve kuita Carbon dioxide ne nitrogen gas.

• Zvakanakira : Nzira iyi ine nhoroondo yakareba yekushandiswa uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Mhedzisiro yekurapa yakagadzikana, uye inogona kuderedza huwandu hwecyanide mumvura yakasviba. Midziyo inodiwa iri nyore, uye mashandiro acho ari nyore kunzwisisa.

• Zvakashata : Ma oxidant ane chlorine anogona kusangana nezvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu mumvura yakasviba kuti agadzire zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakaita se trihalomethanes, izvo zvinokonzera kenza uye mutagenic. Pamusoro pezvo, chiyero che oxidants chinofanira kudzorwa nemazvo. Kana huwandu hwacho hwakanyanya, huchakonzera kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwemakemikari uye kuwedzera mari yekurapa; kana huwandu hwacho huri hudiki, mhedzisiro yekurapa haizove yakanaka.

1.Ozone Oxidation

• Musimboti : Ozone isimba guru rekuchengetedza mvura yakasviba. Mukurapa mvura yakasviba, ozone inogona kuita zvakananga necyanide, ichityora chisungo chiri mucyanide uye ichiioxidation kune zvinhu zvisina chepfu zvakaita secarbon dioxide nenitrogen kuburikidza nehurongwa hwakawanda hwe free radicals.

• Zvakanakira : Ozone oxidation inoshanda zvakanyanya pakurapa uye inogona kuodza cyanide nekukurumidza. Haipinze zvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza mumvura yakarapwa, zvichidzivirira kusvibiswa kwechipiri. Panguva imwe chete, ozone inogonawo kuita basa rekuuraya utachiona uye kubvisa ruvara mumvura yakarapwa, zvichivandudza kunaka kwemvura yakarapwa.

• Zvakashata : Midziyo yekugadzira ozone inodhura zvishoma, uye simba rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Kunyungudika kwe ozone mumvura kwakaderera, izvo zvinoderedza kushanda kwayo zvakanaka. Pamusoro pezvo, kugadzikana kwe ozone kwakaderera, uye inoda kugadzirwa panzvimbo yacho, izvo zvinowedzera kuoma kwekushanda nekutarisira maitiro ekurapa.

1.Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation

• Musimboti : Kana paine chinhu chinoita kuti pave ne iron ions, hydrogen peroxide inoora kuti igadzire hydroxyl radicals ine simba guru. Ma radical aya anogona kutanga achiwedzera kuita cyanide kuti ive cyanate, uye obva awedzera kuita cyanate kuti ive zvinhu zvisina chepfu.

• Zvakanakira : Hydrogen peroxide ine oxidant yakachena, uye zvinogadzirwa ne reactive zvinonyanya kuva mvura neokisijeni, izvo zvisingazokonzere kusvibiswa kwechipiri. Maitiro ekurapa acho akapfava, uye anogona kugadziriswa zvichienderana nekuchinja kwemhando yemvura yakasviba.

• Zvakashata : Sisitimu ye catalytic oxidation inoda kudzora kwakasimba mamiriro ezvinhu ekuita senge pH value uye catalyst dosage. Kana mamiriro acho asina kukodzera, kushanda kwe oxidation kuchaderera zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, mutengo we hydrogen peroxide wakakwira, izvo zvichawedzera mutengo wekurapa mvura yakasviba.

Biological Treatment Method

1. Musimboti : Mamwe mabhakitiriya ane simba rekuparadza cyanide. Kana mamiriro ekunze akakodzera akadai sekupisa kwakakodzera, pH, uye okisijeni yakanyungudutswa, mabhakitiriya aya anogona kushandisa cyanide senzvimbo inoburitsa kabhoni kana nitrogen pakukura nekugadzira muviri, achishandura cyanide kuita zvinhu zvisina chepfu zvakaita secarbon dioxide, mvura, uye ammonia. Semuenzaniso, mamwe mabhakitiriya ari muPseudomonas genus anogona kuora cyanide kuburikidza nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ema enzyme.

2. Zvakanakira : Kurapa nemakemikari inzira isingakuvadzi nharaunda. Haidi huwandu hwakawanda hwemakemikari anokonzera tsvina, zvichideredza kugadzirwa kwemarara emakemikari. Mari yekushandisa yakaderera kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe nzira dzemakemikari dzinokonzera kusvibiswa, kunyanya dzakakodzera kurapa mvura yakasviba ine cyanide yakawanda.

3. Zvakashata : Kurapa kwemuviri kunoenderana zvikuru nebasa retupukanana. Kugona kwetupukanana kuchinja kwemhando yemvura yakasviba, zvakaita sekuwedzera kamwe kamwe kwehuwandu hwecyanide, kuchinja kwepH, uye kuvapo kwezvinhu zvine chepfu uye zvinodzivisa, kwakaderera. Nguva yekurapa inowanzo kureba kupfuura nzira dzemakemikari ekuoxidation, uye tangi re reaction renzvimbo yakakura rinodiwa, richitora zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvevhu.

Muviri - Chemical Treatment Method

1.Adsorption Method

• Musimboti : Zvinwiwa zvakaita seActivated Carbon , zeolite, uye resin zvinoshandiswa kunyudza cyanide mumvura yakasviba. Kabhoni inoshandiswa, ine nzvimbo yayo yakakura uye chimiro chayo chakapfuma chepore, inogona kunyudza cyanide kuburikidza nenzira dzemuviri uye dzemakemikari. Mapoka anoshanda pamusoro pekabhoni inoshandiswa anogona kusangana nemaion ecyanide kuburikidza nekukwezvwa kwemagetsi uye kubatana kwemakemikari.

• Zvakanakira : Nzira yekunyudza mvura ine nzira iri nyore yekushanda uye inogona kubvisa cyanide shoma mumvura yakasviba. Manyuchi anogona kugadzirwazve uye kushandiswazve mune dzimwe nguva, zvichideredza mari yekurapa. Inogonawo kubatanidzwa nedzimwe nzira dzekurapa kuti iwedzere kuvandudza mhedzisiro yekurapa.

• Zvakashata : Kugona kweadsorbents kushoma. Kana adsorbent yazara, inoda kutsiviwa kana kudzokororwa. Maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu akaomarara uye angada simba rakawedzerwa uye makemikari. Pamusoro pezvo, mutengo weadsorbents dzemhando yepamusoro wakakwira.

1.Membrane Separation Method

• Nheyo : Matekinoroji ekuparadzanisa membrane akadai se reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, uye ultrafiltration anogona kushandiswa kuparadzanisa cyanide kubva mumvura yakasviba. Mamembrane aya ane mukana wekusarudza, zvichibvumira mamorekuru emvura nezvimwe zvinhu zvidiki zvemamorekuru kuti zvipfuure nepo zvichichengeta cyanide nezvimwe zvinosvibisa zvakakura zvemamorekuru. Semuenzaniso, mu reverse osmosis process, pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, mvura inopfuura nepakati pe semi-permeable membrane, nepo cyanide ichibatwa ne side-pressure side.

• Zvakanakira : Kupatsanurwa kwemembrane kunogona kuita kuti cyanide iparadzwe zvakanaka uye nemazvo. Inogona kushanda nguva dzose uye ine nzvimbo diki. Hunhu hwemvura yakanatswa hwakagadzikana uye inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekuburitsa mvura.

• Zvakashata : Kamudzira kacho kanowanzo svibiswa, izvo zvinoderedza kubuda kwekamudzira uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekupatsanura. Kuchenesa nekutsiva kamudzira kunodhura. Pamusoro pezvo, mari yekutanga inoshandiswa mumidziyo yekupatsanura kamudzira yakakura.

Kusarudzwa kweMaitiro uye Kugadziridza

Pakusarudza nzira yekurapa yecyanide - ine mishonga yetsvina yemishonga, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoda kutariswa zvizere.

1. Hunhu hweMvura Yakasviba : Ongorora huwandu hwecyanide mumvura yakasviba, kuvapo kwezvimwe zvinosvibisa zvakaita sesimbi dzinorema nezvinhu zvipenyu, uye pH kukosha kwemvura yakasviba. Kune mvura yakasviba ine cyanide yakawanda, nzira dzemakemikari dzinogona kunge dzakakodzera; kune mvura yakasviba ine cyanide yakaderera, kurapwa kwebhayoloji kana nzira dzekurapa makemikari panyama dzinogona kufungwa.

2. Zvinodiwa pakurapa : Sarudza zvinodiwa pakuburitsa mvura yakanatswa kana kushandisazve zvinodiwa pakushandisa mvura yakanatswa. Kana zvinodiwa pakuburitsa cyanide zvakanyanya, musanganiswa wenzira dzakawanda dzekurapa ungangodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mvura yakanatswa inosangana nezvinodiwa.

3. Zvinhu Zvehupfumi : Funga nezvemutengo wekudyara wemidziyo yekurapa, mutengo wekushanda unosanganisira mutengo wemakemikari, kushandiswa kwesimba, uye mari yevashandi, uye mutengo wekurapa nekurasa tsvina. Sarudza nzira yekurapa ine mutengo unonzwisisika uye mabhenefiti akanaka ehupfumi.

4. Kukanganiswa Kwezvakatipoteredza : Sarudza nzira dzekurapa dzisingabudisi kusvibiswa kwakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, kana tichienzanisa nealkaline chlorination, ozone oxidation uye nzira dzekurapa nehupenyu dzinoburitsa zvinhu zvishoma zvinokuvadza, izvo zvine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza.

Mukuwedzera, mune chaiyo yekurapa maitiro, kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirisa kwemaitiro ekurapa kunodiwawo. Gara uchitarisa hutano hwemvura yakagadziriswa, gadzirisa maitiro ekushanda kwemidziyo yekurapa panguva yakakodzera, uye ita kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa michina kuti uone kushanda kwakagadzikana kwehutano hwehutano uye kubudirira kwehutano hwakanaka hwehutano.

mhedziso

Kurapa kwecyanide - ine mvura yetsvina yemishonga yakakosha zvikuru pakuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu. Nzira dzakasiyana dzekurapa, dzinosanganisira makemikari oxidation, biological kurapwa, uye yemuviri - kemikari kurapwa, vane hunhu hwavo uye scopes yekushandisa. Mumashandisirwo einjiniya anoshanda, zvinodikanwa kunyatso tarisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana semhando yemvura yetsvina, zvinodiwa pakurapa, mutengo wehupfumi, uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kusarudza nekugadzirisa maitiro akakodzera ekurapa. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, inoshanda zvakanyanya, inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza, uye inodhura - inoshanda tekinoroji yekurapa yecyanide - ine mvura yemarara yemishonga icharamba ichibuda, ichipa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwekusimudzira kwakasimba kweindasitiri yemishonga uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.