Basa reSodium Cyanide muMetal Electroplating

ziviso

Electroplating inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri inosanganisira kuisa chidimbu chitete chesimbi pane substrate, kazhinji nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakaita sekudzivirira ngura, kuvandudza chitarisiko, uye kusimudzira nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzechinhu. Sodium cyanide (NaCN), kunyangwe ine muchetura zvakanyanya, inoita basa rakakosha mumazhinji maitiro e electroplating. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa mune chaiwo mabasa uye kukosha kwe Sodium cyanide in Metal electroplating.

Chemical Properties yeSodium Cyanide Inoenderana neElectroplating

Sodium cyanide inorganic compound. Iyo inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura, inova chinhu chakakosha chekushandisa kwayo mumabhati e electroplating. Mune mhinduro ine aqueous, inopatsanurwa kuita sodium ions (Na+) uye cyanide ions (CN-). Iyo cyanide ions inonyanya kukosha mu electroplating sezvo ine tsika yakasimba yekugadzira macomplexes ane simbi ions.

Mabasa muElectroplating Baths

Kunetsana neMetal Ions

Rimwe remabasa ekutanga e Sodium Cyanide mu electroplating ndiko kuumba metal-cyanide complexes neiyoni dzesimbi mumushonga weplating. Semuenzaniso, mune yemhangura yekugezera electroplating, sodium cyanide inopindirana necopper ions (kubva mumunyu wemhangura wakaita secopper sulfate kana copper cyanide). Maion ecyanide anobatana nemaion emhangura kuti aumbe macopper-cyanide akagadzikana, akadai seCu(CN)₂⁻ neCu(CN)₃²⁻. Aya macomplexes ane kugadzikana kwakasiyana uye dissociation constants zvichienderana nereshiyo yecopper ions kune cyanide ions mumushonga. Kuumbwa kweaya macomplexes kwakakosha nekuti kunokanganisa maitiro eiyo simbi panguva ye electroplating process.

Kuderedza Anode Polarization

Musero re electroplating, anode ndiyo inobva yeoni yesimbi yekuisa pane cathode (iyo substrate iri kuputirwa). Anode polarization inogona kuitika kana iyo anode yakafukidzwa neyakagadzika yezvakaita zvigadzirwa kana kana mwero wekunyungudika kwesimbi kubva kune anode usina kukwana kuchengetedza kugara uchipihwa simbi ions mumhinduro. Sodium cyanide inobatsira kuderedza anode polarization. Iyo cyanide ions mumushonga inopindirana nesimbi panzvimbo yeanode, zvichiita kuti kunyungudika kweanode metal. Semuyenzaniso, mumhangura anode, maion cyanide anopindirana nemaatomu emhangura kuti aite soluble copper-cyanide complexes, iyo inobva yapinda mumushonga. Izvi zvinogonesa kuwedzera yunifomu uye kuenderera mberi kwekupihwa kwesimbi ions kubva kune anode, zvichitungamira kune yakagadzikana uye inobudirira electroplating process.

Kudzikamisa iyo Electroplating Solution

Sodium cyanide inobatsirawo pakugadzikana kwemhinduro ye electroplating. Metal ions mumushonga inogona kuita nezvimwe zvikamu mubhavhu, senge tsvina kana mvura, kuumba mvura kana kuita zvisingadiwe divi rekuita. Kuumbwa kwesimbi-cyanide complexes inodzikamisa iyo ions yesimbi, ichivadzivisa kutora chikamu mune izvi zvisingadiwi maitiro. Semuenzaniso, iyo copper-cyanide complexes inoumbwa pamberi pe sodium cyanide yakagadzikana kupfuura yemahara copper ions, inoderedza mukana wemhangura hydroxide precipitation mune alkaline electroplating bath.

Kuvandudza Cathode Polarization

Pacathode, apo maion simbi anoderedzwa uye akaiswa pane substrate, polarization yakakodzera yakakosha pakuwana simbi yakatsetseka uye inonamatira. Sodium cyanide inowedzera cathode polarization. Iyo metal-cyanide complexes yakakura uye ine imwe dhigirii yekuchaja delocalization nekuda kwekubatana neiyo cyanide ions. Sezvo aya macomplexes achiswedera kune cathode, nzira yekudzikisa inodzorwa zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nekuderedzwa kwemahara simbi ions. Izvi zvinoguma nekuiswa kwakafanana kwesimbi pane cathode surface. Iyo yakakwidziridzwa cathode polarization inotungamira kudiki kukura kwekristaro panguva yekuisa, zvichikonzera yakatsetseka-yakaomeswa uye yakawedzera yunifomu yesimbi yekubatisa nekunamira kuri nani kune substrate.

Zvishandiso mune Akasiyana Metal Plating Maitiro

Copper Plating

Mumhangura electroplating, sodium cyanide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, kunyanya mumashandisirwo apo inodiwa dhipoziti yemhangura yepamusoro-soro. Cyanide-yakavakirwa mhangura yekugezera yekugezera inopa yakanakisa simba rekukanda, zvinoreva kuti vanogona kuisa yunifomu yemhangura pazvinhu zvakaoma-zvakaoma. Iyo mhangura-cyanide complexes inoumbwa pamberi pe sodium cyanide inobvumira kunyatso kudzora kwemhangura deposition rate, zvichikonzera kutsetseka uye kupenya kwemhangura kupera. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera maapplication akadai sekushongedza plating pazvishongo, magetsi ekubatanidza, uye akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi.

Silver Plating

Sodium cyanide zvakare chikamu chakakosha mune sirivheri electroplating yekugezera. Zvakafanana nemhangura yemhangura, iyo cyanide ions inoumba yakagadzikana sirivha-cyanide complexes. Aya macomplexes anobatsira mukuwana yakajeka, yakatsetseka, uye inonamatira sirivha coating. Silver plating ine cyanide-based mabhati inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira tableware, zvinhu zvekushongedza, uye magetsi ekubatanidza, uko kukwirisa conductivity uye kushorwa kwesirivheri kunodiwa.

Ndarama yakanamirwa pamifananidzo

Goridhe electroplating inowanzoshandisa sodium cyanide kugadzira goridhe-cyanide complexes. Kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mumabhati ekugezera egoridhe kunobvumira kuiswa kweganda rakatetepa, rakafanana regoridhe rine kunamatira kwakanaka. Kuiswa kwegoridhe kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemagetsi kune zvikamu zvakaita semakongiri uye mabatiro ekuvandudza magetsi conductivity uye kudzivirira ngura. Inoshandiswawo muindasitiri yezvishongo zvekushongedza. Iko kugona kudzora maitiro ekuisa nemazvo uchishandisa sodium cyanide-yakavakirwa mabhati inovimbisa kuti iyo yegoridhe yekuputira ine yaidiwa zvimiro, zvakaita seruvara, kuoma, uye kusimba.

Kufunga Zvekuchengetedza

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti sodium cyanide ine chepfu zvakanyanya. Kufema, kupinza, kana kubata ganda nesodium cyanide kana zvinogadzirisa zvinogona kuuraya. Inogonawo kuita nemaasidhi kugadzira muchetura wehydrogen cyanide gasi. Nokudaro, mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza inofanira kuteverwa kana uchibata sodium cyanide mukushanda kwe electroplating. Vashandi vanofanira kupihwa kudzidziswa kwakafanira pamusoro pekubata zvakanaka kwekemikari iyi, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekuzvidzivirira nayo yakafanira semagirovhosi, magirazi uye kudzivirira kufema. Electroplating nzvimbo dzinofanirwa kunge dziine nzvimbo dzebasa dzakanyatsofefeterwa uye zvirongwa zvekupindura zvechimbichimbi panzvimbo yekurasika kana kubuda netsaona. Pamusoro pezvo, kuraswa kwemarara ane sodium cyanide kunofanirwa kuitwa zvichiteerana nemirairo yezvakatipoteredza kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvitubu zvemvura uye kukuvadza hupenyu hwemumvura.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide inotamba yakawanda uye yakakosha basa musimbi electroplating maitiro. Kugona kwayo kuumba simbi-cyanide complexes, kuderedza anode polarization, kudzikamisa iyo electroplating mhinduro, uye kuwedzera cathode polarization inoita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha mukuwana emhando yepamusoro simbi. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehupfu hwayo hwakanyanya, kubata kwakachengeteka uye kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mu electroplating kwakakosha zvakanyanya. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, kuedza kuri kuitwawo kugadzira mamwe maitiro, asina muchetura maitiro e electroplating, asi parizvino, sodium cyanide inoramba iri chinhu chakakosha mumaindasitiri mazhinji e electroplating application.