Liquid Sodium Cyanide: Chemical Properties uye Diverse Application

ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), musanganiswa unozivikanwa nekusimba kwekuita zvekare uye muchetura wakanyanya, uripo mune zvese zviri zviviri zvakasimba uye zvinyoro zvimiro. Liquid Sodium Cyanide, kazhinji iri muchimiro chemushonga wemvura, ine makemikari akasarudzika anoita kuti ive yakakosha mukushandiswa kwakasiyana kwemaindasitiri nesainzi. Iyi blog positi inoongorora mumakemikari ezvivakwa Liquid sodium cyanide uye inoongorora nzvimbo dzayo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandisa, uku ichisimbisawo kukosha kwedziviriro dzekuchengetedza nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hune njodzi.

Chemical Zvivakwa

1. Reactivity

Liquid sodium cyanide inoshanda zvakanyanya nekuda kweiyo cyanide iyo ine. Kana iri mumvura, inoputsika kuita sodium ions uye cyanide ions. Iyo cyanide ion inonzi nucleophile yakasimba, zvinoreva kuti inotsvaga nyore nyore uye inopindirana nezvikamu zveimwe organic uye inorganic compounds iyo ine electron - isina kukwana. In Organic synthesis, semuenzaniso, inogona kuita nucleophilic substitution reactions. Munguva yemaitiro aya, iyo cyanide ion inotsiva rimwe boka mukati meorganic halide molecule, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwechisungo chitsva pakati pekabhoni nenitrogen. Iyi reactivity yakakosha kune mazhinji ekushandisa kwayo mukugadzira yakaoma organic mamorekuru.

2. Solubility

Sodium cyanide inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura, ichigadzira mhinduro dzakajeka, dzisina ruvara. Kunyungudika kwayo kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa neiyo ionic yakasimba. Ioni yesodium ine positive chaji inokwezvwa nemaatomu eokisijeni anochajiswa zvisina kunaka ari mumamorekuru emvura, ukuwo maioni ecyanide anochajiswa zvisina kunaka achibatana nemaatomu ehydrogen anochajiswa zvakanaka emvura. Kudyidzana kwakasimba uku pakati pe Sodium cyanide ion uye mamorekuru emvura anogonesa kunyungudika kwakawanda, zvichibvumira kugadzirwa kweyakanyanya sodium cyanide mhinduro.

3. pH uye Basicity

Aqueous solutions ye sodium cyanide ine basic properties. Iyo cyanide ion ndiyo conjugate base yehydrocyanic acid, isina kusimba asidhi. Kana cyanide ions iri mumvura, inopinda maitiro anonzi hydrolysis. Munguva yehydrolysis, iyo cyanide ions inopindirana nemamorekuru emvura, ichigadzira hydrocyanic acid uye hydroxide ions. Kuburitswa kweiyi hydroxide ion kunowedzera pH yemhinduro. Kazhinji, liquid sodium cyanide solutions ine pH iri pakati pe11 - 13. zvichiratidza kuti ine alkaline yakawanda.

4. Muchetura

Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha maitiro emvura sodium cyanide ndeye yakanyanyisa chepfu. Iyo cyanide ion inosunga zvisingadzoreki kune iron (III) ion iripo mucytochrome oxidase, enzyme yakakosha kune mitochondrial electron transport cheni. Kusunga uku kunomisa enzyme kubva pakugamuchira maerekitironi, zvichinyatso kumisa kufema kwemasero. Pasina kufema kweserura, masero haagone kugadzira adenosine triphosphate (ATP), iyo sosi yesimba remasero. Somugumisiro, masero anofa nokukurumidza. Kufema, kupinza, kana kubata ganda rine mvura sodium cyanide kunogona kuuraya vanhu nezvimwe zvipenyu.

Mazano Okushanda

1. Goridhe neSilver Mining

Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa kushandiswa kwemvura sodium cyanide iri muindasitiri yezvicherwa, kunyanya yekuchera goridhe nesirivha. Maitiro, anonzi cyanidation, anosanganisira kushandisa dilute sodium cyanide mhinduro kunyungudutsa goridhe nesirivha kubva mumatombo avo. Muhupo hweokisijeni nemvura, sodium cyanide inopindirana negoridhe nesirivha, ichigadzira mishonga inogona kunyungudika mumhinduro. Aya makomisheni anonyungudika anogona kubva apatsanurwa kubva kune yakasara yesimbi. Mushure mekuparadzana, mamwe maitiro sekunaya ane zinc kana electrolysis anoshandiswa kudzoreredza simbi dzinokosha. Cyanidation inzira inodhura - inoshanda uye inoshanda yekubvisa goridhe nesirivheri kubva kune yakaderera-giredhi ores, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha muitiro mukuchera kwemazuva ano.

2. Organic Synthesis

Mune organic chemistry, liquid sodium cyanide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya se reagent mune akasiyana masisitimu maitiro. Kutenda kune yakasimba nucleophilic hunhu, inogona kutora chikamu mune nucleophilic substitution reactions. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kwe nitriles, alkyl halide inogona kuita ne sodium cyanide mu organic solvent se dimethylformamide. Kuita uku kunoguma nekuumbwa kwekomboni ye nitrile. Nitriles akakosha epakati makomisheni anoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga, agrochemicals, uye mamwe makemikari akanaka. Pamusoro pezvo, sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa muStrecker amino acid synthesis. Muchiitiko ichi, inopindirana nealdehyde kana ketone muhupo hweammonia kuumba musanganiswa unonzi α-amino nitrile, iyo inogona kushandiswa zvakare kugadzira amino acid.

3. Electroplating

Liquid sodium cyanide inoshandiswa mukati electroplating maitiro, kunyanya kune electroplating simbi segoridhe, sirivheri, mhangura, uye zinc. Cyanide - yakavakirwa electroplating mabhati inopa akati wandei mabhenefiti. Vanopa simba rakanaka rekukanda, izvo zvinoreva kuti vanogona kuisa yunifomu yejasi pazvinhu zvine maitiro akaoma. Ivo zvakare vanokonzeresa kupenya uye kwakatsetseka simbi deposits uye inova nechokwadi chekunamira kweiyo yakapfava layer kune iri pasi zvinhu. Mumushonga we electroplating, maioni e cyanide anoumba makomisheni akatsiga nemaoni esimbi ari kuiswa. Panguva ye electroplating process, macompounds aya anodzikiswa pacathode, achiisa mutete, wakatota wesimbi pachinhu chiri kuputirwa.

4. Metal Kurapa uye Kuchenesa

Muindasitiri yesimbi, mvura sodium cyanide inoshandiswa kurapa nekuchenesa simbi. Inogona kunyatso bvisa pamusoro oxides uye zvimwe tsvina kubva simbi. Iko reactivity ye cyanide ion inobvumira kuti iite nesimbi oxides, ichishandura kuva makomisheni anogona kunyungudika mumhinduro. Mishonga inonyungudika iyi inogona kubva yasukwa. Uyezve, sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa panguva yekupisa - kurapwa kwesimbi kusimudzira zvimiro zvadzo zvepamusoro, sekuwedzera kuoma kwavo uye kuramba kupfeka.

Kufunga Zvekuchengetedza

Tichifunga nezve huturu hwakanyanya hwemvura sodium cyanide, matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kuteedzerwa pakubata, kuichengeta uye nekuishandisa. Vashandi vari mumaindasitiri anoshandisa sodium cyanide vanofanira kuwana kudzidziswa kwakazara pamusoro pemaitiro ekuchengetedza akakodzera. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzidza mashandisiro emidziyo yekuzvidzivirira (PPE) senge magurovhosi, magirovhosi, uye zvekufema nemazvo. Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera sodium cyanide dzinofanirwa kugadzirwa kudzivirira kudonha uye kuve nechokwadi chekufefetedza kwakaringana kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwecyanide - ine mhute. Kana pakaitika kurashikirwa, nzira dzakakodzera dzekupindura kwechimbichimbi, dzakadai sekudzikisa sodium cyanide ine oxidizing agent senge sodium hypochlorite, dzinofanirwa kuitwa nekukasira kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu.

mhedziso

Liquid sodium cyanide, ine yakasarudzika makemikari zvimiro, inoita basa rakakosha mumaindasitiri akawanda. Kubva pakutorwa kwesimbi dzakakosha mumigodhi kusvika pakuumbwa kwemamorekuru akaomarara uye simbi pamusoro pekurapa, mashandisirwo ayo akasiyana uye anosvika kure. Nekudaro, huturu hwayo hwepamusoro hunoda kungwarira kwakanyanya uye kuomerera kwakasimba kumaprotocol ekuchengetedza. Sezvo maindasitiri ari kuramba achishanduka, kushandiswa zvine hungwaru kwemvura sodium cyanide kucharamba kwakakosha kune zvese kusimudzira hupfumi uye kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu.