Sodium Cyanide: Mushonga Une Simba Une Diverse Industrial Applications

ziviso

Sodium cyanide, kemikari inomiririrwa seNaCN, ijena rekristaro rinobata chinzvimbo chakakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekusiyana kwemakemikari. Pasinei nemukurumbira wayo wakashata sechinhu chine muchetura, sodium cyanide inoita basa rakakosha muzvirongwa zvakaita semigodhi, makemikari synthesis, uye electroplating. Chinyorwa ichi chinoongorora zvimiro, maindasitiri mafomu, njodzi, uye matanho ekuchengetedza ane chekuita ne Sodium Cyanide.

Chemical Zvivakwa

Sodium cyanide inorganic compound yekirasi ye cyanides. Inoumbwa kuburikidza nekuita kwe sodium hydroxide uye hydrogen cyanide. Mushonga uyu unonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura, uye kuitazve kwayo nemaasidhi ndiko kunonyanya kunetseka. Rini Sodium cyanide inopindirana nemaasidhi, inogona kubudisa gasi rinouraya rehydrogen cyanide.

Sodium cyanide inewo kugona kuita nemamwe masimbi. Zvinonyanya kukosha, pamberi peokisijeni, inogona kunyungudutsa goridhe nesirivheri, ichigadzira yakaoma cyanide makomisheni. Iyi pfuma inoshandiswa mu mugodhi wegoridhe industry.

Maindasitiri Kunyorera

Ndarama Kuchera

Imwe yeakanyanya kushandiswa kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide iri muindasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe. Iyo "cyanide leaching process" inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuburitsa goridhe kubva mumatombo. Mukuita uku, sodium cyanide inoshandiswa kunyungudutsa zvimedu zvegoridhe muore, zvichigadzira soluble gold cyanide complexes. Aya macomplexes anogona kubva apatsanurwa kubva kune ore matrix uyezve kugadziriswa kuti awane goridhe rakachena. Iyo cyanide leaching process inoshanda zvakanyanya uye inodhura - inoshanda, zvichiita kuti ive tsika yakajairika mukucherwa kwegoridhe pasi rese. Nekudaro, zvakare inosimudza nharaunda nekuchengetedza kunetseka nekuda kwehupfu hwesodium cyanide.

Kemikari Synthesis

Sodium cyanide inoshanda seyakakosha precursor mumakemikari synthesis. Inoshandiswa kugadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinobvamo zvinowana zvikumbiro mumaindasitiri akasiyana. Muindasitiri yemishonga, cyanide - yakatorwa makomisheni anoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwezvinodhaka senge penicillin, vhitamini B6. uye folic acid. Muindasitiri yeagrochemical, sodium cyanide inobatanidzwa mukugadzira mishonga yezvipembenene seglyphosate uye cyanofenphos. Pamusoro pezvo, inobata basa mukugadzirwa kwedhayi uye pigment, senge indigo uye phthalocyanine yebhuruu.

electroplating

Mu electroplating, sodium cyanide chinhu chakakosha. Inoshandiswa mukuputira simbi segoridhe, sirivha, mhangura, uye zinc pamusoro pemamwe simbi. Sodium cyanide inobatsira mukugadzirwa kweyunifomu uye inonamira simbi yakarukwa nekufambisa kuiswa kwemaayoni esimbi kubva muelectrolyte kuenda kune substrate. Inobatsirawo mukudzora chiyero chekuisa uye kuvandudza kunaka kweiyo plated layer. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehupfu hwayo, mamwe maitiro asiri e-cyanide electroplating ari kugadzirwa uye anogamuchirwa mune dzimwe nguva.

Njodzi Nedziviriro Matanho

Kushandiswa kwe sodium cyanide kunouya nenjodzi dzakakura nekuda kwehupfu hwayo hwakanyanya. Kufema, kupinza, kana kubata ganda nesodium cyanide kana zvinogadzirisa zvinogona kuuraya. Kamwe mukati memuviri, sodium cyanide inoparadzanisa kuburitsa cyanide ions. Aya maion anosunga kune enzyme inobatanidzwa mukufema kwemasero, ichitadzisa basa ree enzyme. Izvi zvinodzivirira masero kubva kushandisa oxygen, zvichitungamira kune tishu hypoxia uye pakupedzisira kufa.

Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kana uchibata sodium cyanide, mitemo yakasimba inofanira kuteverwa. Vashandi vanobatanidzwa mukugadzira, kutakura, kana kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide vanofanira kuwana ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro penjodzi dzayo uye maitiro akakodzera ekubata. Zvidziviriro zvemunhu (PPE), kusanganisira magurovhosi, magirovhosi, uye kudzivirira kwekufema, zvinofanirwa kupfekwa nguva dzese. Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera sodium cyanide dzinofanirwa kunge dzichipindwa nemhepo zvakanaka, dzakachengeteka, uye dzakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kubuda uye kurasika. Kana pakateuka kana kuburitswa, matanho akakodzera ekupindura kwechimbichimbi, senge midziyo uye kusarerekera uchishandisa makemikari akakodzera sesodium thiosulfate, anofanirwa kuitwa nekukurumidza.

Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza

Kurasa kusina kunaka kwesodium cyanide kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba yezvakatipoteredza. Kana ikaburitswa mumiviri yemvura, sodium cyanide inogona kunyungudika nekuburitsa cyanide ions, iyo ine muchetura zvakanyanya kuhupenyu hwemumvura. Kunyangwe pakudzika kwakadzika, cyanide inogona kukuvadza hove, invertebrates, uye zvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura, zvichikanganisa zvisikwa zvemumvura. Muvhu, sodium cyanide inogonawo kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa pahutachiona hwevhu uye kukura kwezvirimwa.

Maindasitiri anoshandisa sodium cyanide anosungirwa kuomerera kune yakasimba mitemo yezvakatipoteredza. Iyi mirairo inotonga kuchengetwa, kubata, uye kuraswa kwesodium cyanide kuderedza kuburitswa kwayo munzvimbo. Nzira dzekurapa dzecyanide - dzine tsvina, dzakadai semakemikari oxidation, biological treatment, uye ion exchange, dzinoshandiswa kubvisa kana kubvisa cyanide mvura yetsvina isati yabudiswa.

Regulatory Aspects

Tichifunga nezve huturu hwayo hwepamusoro uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika kwezvakatipoteredza, sodium cyanide iri pasi pemitemo yakasimba pamatunhu epasi rose, enyika, uye edunhu. Iyi mirairo inovhara zvese zvesodium cyanide, kubva mukugadzirwa kwayo uye kutakura kune kushandiswa kwayo uye kuraswa. Semuenzaniso, muUnited States, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uye Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) yakagadza mitemo yekuona kuchengetedza kwakachengeteka kwe sodium cyanide. Maindasitiri anoshandisa sodium cyanide anofanirwa kutevedzera iyi mirau, iyo inosanganisira zvinodiwa pakunyorwa kwakaringana, kuchengetedza, uye kuronga kwemhinduro yechimbichimbi.

Zvimwe kune Sodium Cyanide

Nekuda kwenjodzi dzine chekuita nesodium cyanide, kune kufarira kuri kukura mukugadzira nekushandisa zvimwe zvinhu. Muindasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe, semuenzaniso, thiosulfate leaching iri kuongororwa seimwe nzira yecyanide leaching. Thiosulfate ishoma ine muchetura reagent iyo inogona zvakare kushandiswa kubvisa goridhe kubva mu ore. Nekudaro, thiosulfate leaching ine matambudziko ayo, senge yakakwira reagent mutengo uye yakanyanya kuoma maitiro ekugadzirisa. Dzimwe nzira dziri kuferefetwa dzinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemaitiro ebioleaching, ayo anovimba netupukanana kuburitsa simbi kubva mu ores, uye asiri - cyanide lixiviants se halide - based solutions.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide ikemikari ine simba ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemaindasitiri ekushandisa. Yayo yakasarudzika makemikari zvimiro inoita kuti ive yakakosha mukuchera goridhe, makemikari synthesis, uye electroplating. Nekudaro, huturu hwayo hwakanyanyisa uye mukana wekukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza zvinoda matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza uye kuteererwa kwemitemo. Sezvo maindasitiri ari kuramba achitsvaga dzimwe nzira dzakasimba uye dzakachengeteka, tsvakiridzo yekutsiva sodium cyanide nezvinhu zvishoma ine ngozi iri kuenderera mberi. Zvichakadaro, kubata kwakanaka, kuchengetedza, uye kuraswa kwesodium cyanide kwakakosha kudzikisa njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda.