Sodium Cyanide: Chinhu Chinokosha muIndustrial Goridhe Kunyungudutsa

Munyika yakaoma uye inonakidza ye Industrial Gold Smelting, Sodium Cyanide inoita basa rinokosha uye rinokosha. Iyi kemikari yakakosha zvikuru yave iri dombo rekona re Kuchera Goridhe hurongwa hwemakore anopfuura zana, uye kukosha kwayo kunoenderera mberi mumabasa emazuva ano emigodhi.

Izvo zvakakosha zveSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide, ine kemikari formula NaCN, ikamu rinoumbwa neboka recyano, iro rine katatu - yakasungirirwa kabhoni uye nitrogen. Inowanikwa mumhando mbiri huru mumaindasitiri ekushandisa: yakasimba uye mvura. Solid sodium cyanide inogadzirwa sewhite crystalline briquettes, inozivikanwawo se "cyanoids." Aya mabriquette anonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura, inova chinhu chakakosha pakushandisa kwavo mukuchera goridhe. Liquid Sodium cyanide, kune rumwe rutivi, inotakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo dzemigodhi kuburikidza neakasarudzika iso - matangi akakodzera migwagwa kana njanji. Iyi fomu inobvumira kubata uye kugovera zviri nyore mumabasa makuru ekuchera migodhi.

Sodium Cyanide muGoridhe Mining: Iyo Cyanide Leaching process

Maitiro ekushandisa sodium cyanide kubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo anozivikanwa se Cyanide Leaching kana cyanidation. Nzira iyi yakasandura indasitiri yezvicherwa zvegoridhe kuburikidza nekugonesa kutorwa kwegoridhe kubva mumatombo egiredhi yakaderera ayo aimbove asina hupfumi kuti agadziriswe. Heino nhanho yakadzama - by - nhanho nhanho yekuti maitiro aya anoitika sei:

Ore Preparation

Rwendo rwekuchera goridhe rinotanga nekugadzirwa kwesimbi. Ndarama inotakura simbi inotanga kupwanywa kuita hupfu hwakatsetseka uchishandisa michina ine simba yemuindasitiri. Iyi nhanho yakakosha sezvo ichiwedzera zvakanyanya pamusoro peiyo ore. Nzvimbo yakakura yepamusoro inobvumira kubatana kurinani pakati peore uye sodium cyanide mhinduro mune inotevera leaching nhanho. Semuyenzaniso, mumugodhi mukuru wegoridhe, macrushers mahombe anoshandiswa kuputsa ore kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, dzimwe nguva zvakanaka semamilimita mashoma muhukuru. Mushure mekupwanya, ore inogona kupinda mune imwe nzira yekukuya kuti iwane yainodiwa saizi ye cyanide leaching.

Leaching

Kana iyo ore iri mufomu yakakodzera yehupfu, inowedzerwa kune yakanyatsotariswa mhinduro ye sodium cyanide. Munguva iyi leaching process, inoshamisa kemikari inoitika. Mamorekuru egoridhe ari muore anoumba zvisungo zvakasimba nesodium cyanide, achishanduka kuita mvura-inonyungudika fomu. Kemikari equation yemaitiro aya ndeaya: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O = 4Na(Au(CN)₂)+ 4NaOH. Mukuita uku, goridhe rinoita ne sodium cyanide, okisijeni, uye mvura kuumba goridhe rinonyungudika - cyanide complex, sodium aurocyanide (Na(Au(CN)₂)). Iyo okisijeni mukuita inoita seanoxidizing agent, inofambisa kunyungudika kwegoridhe. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mumatangi mahombe ekuleaching, uko musanganiswa we ore - cyanide unoramba uchimutswa kuti uve nechokwadi chekusangana uye kuita kwakanaka.

Kuparadzaniswa

Mushure mokunge goridhe rave rakabudirira kunyungudutswa mukugadzirisa, dambudziko rinotevera nderekuparadzanisa kubva kune yakasara ore uye mamwe matsvina. Pane nzira mbiri dzakajairika dzekuzadzisa kupatsanurwa uku.

Imwe nzira inosanganisira kushandisa zingi kuburitsa goridhe kubva mumushonga. Zinc inowedzerwa kune goridhe - cyanide solution, uye inopindirana negoridhe - cyanide complex. Mukuita uku, zinc inobvisa goridhe iri munzvimbo yakaoma, ichiita zinc - cyanide yakaoma uye kudzorera goridhe kuita yakasimba fomu. Iyo goridhe yakasimba inogona kubva yaparadzaniswa nyore nyore kubva kune mhinduro kuburikidza nekusefa kana mamwe maitiro ekuparadzanisa.

Imwe nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya ndeye kushandisa activated kabhoni kushambadza iyo goridhe - cyanide yakaoma kubva mumhinduro. Activated kabhoni ine nzvimbo yakakura uye yakakwira hukama hwegoridhe - cyanide complex. Mhinduro yacho inopfuudzwa nemubhedha weiyo activated kabhoni, uye goridhe - cyanide complex inonamira pamusoro peiyo kabhoni. Kabhoni yakatakura goridhe inozoitwazve kuti iwanezve goridhe. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira maitiro akadai se desorption, apo goridhe rinobviswa kubva kabhoni uchishandisa yakakodzera kemikari mhinduro, inoteverwa ne electrolysis kuwana goridhe rakazara.

Zvakanakira Kushandisa Sodium Cyanide muGoridhe Mining

Kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mumigodhi yegoridhe kunopa akati wandei mabhenefiti ayo akaita kuti ive nzira inosarudzika mumabasa mazhinji ekutengeserana emigodhi yegoridhe.

Mutengo - Kubudirira

Sodium cyanide haina kudhura kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzekuchera goridhe. Mutengo uyu - kushanda zvakanaka chinhu chikuru chakanakira, kunyanya kumakambani emigodhi ari kuita mabasa makuru kana kuti magiredhi akaderera. Semuyenzaniso, pakuchera zvicherwa zvegiredhi zvakaderera apo goridhe rinenge riine zvikamu zvishoma pamiriyoni, kushandisa dzimwe nzira dzekuchera kunogona kudhura zvakanyanya. Kusiyana neizvi, kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide kunobvumira kutorwa kwegoridhe kubva mumatombo aya nemutengo wakafanira, zvichiita kuti basa rekuchera zvicherwa ribudirire.

Kubudirira Kwepamusoro

Cyanide leaching inoshanda zvakanyanya mukubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, inogona kuwana goridhe kutorwa mitengo inopfuura 90%. Uku kushanda kwepamusoro kunoreva kuti goridhe rakawanda rinogona kudzoserwa kubva mumatombo, zvichiwedzera purofiti yekuchera migodhi. Kugona kutora chikamu chikuru chegoridhe riripo muore kunoderedza marara uye kunowedzera kukosha kwezviwanikwa zvakacherwa.

Solubility

Sodium cyanide ine yakanakisa solubility mumvura. Ichi chivakwa chinobvumira kuti ikurumidze kupararira uye kuita negoridhe mune ore, nekudaro ichimhanyisa maitiro ekubvisa. Mumatangi ekudonha, iyo soluble sodium cyanide inogona kukurumidza kupinda mukati meiyo yakatsetseka - yeupfu ore, ichisangana nezvidimbu zvegoridhe uye kufambisa kuumbwa kwegoridhe rinonyungudika - cyanide yakaoma. Iyi inokurumidza-kuita chimiro chesodium cyanide inobatsira mukubudirira kwese kweiyo nzira yekubvisa goridhe.

Chengetedzo uye Mafungiro Ezvakatipoteredza

Nepo sodium cyanide chiri chishandiso chine simba mukuchera goridhe, zvakakosha kuziva kuti ikemikari ine muchetura zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, iyo indasitiri yezvicherwa yakaisa yakasimba kuchengetedza mapuroteni kuti ive nechokwadi chekubata kwakachengeteka kwesodium cyanide.

Kuchengetedza muKubata

KuNorth America neAustralia, hapasati pave nerufu rwakabatana necyanide pakati pevashandi vemugodhi mumakore anopfuura zana, nekuda kweaya matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza. Pakubata sodium cyanide, vashandi vanofanirwa kupfeka giya rekudzivirira rakakodzera. Izvi zvinosanganisira masks ekudzivirira kubva kuguruva rinofambiswa nemhepo kana magasi ane trace uwandu hwecyanide. Magirovhosi uye zvipfeko zvekudzivirira zvinopfekwawo kudzivirira kusangana kweganda nekemikari. Pamusoro pezvo, kudzidziswa kwakakodzera kunopihwa kune vese vashandi vanobatanidzwa mukubata nekushandiswa kwe sodium cyanide. Vanodzidziswa nezve njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzekemikari uye nzira dzakakodzera dzekubata nayo kuderedza njodzi.

Environmental Impact uye Mitigation

Kubva pakuona kwezvakatipoteredza, chinonyanya kunetsa ndechekuti cyanide inopinda mumvura yepamusoro. Hove nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura zvinonyanya kunzwisiswa necyanide kupfuura vanhu, uye kusashandisa cyanide zvisina kufanira kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya zvipenyu. Kudzikisa njodzi iyi, makambani emigodhi anoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana kubata nekurapa cyanide - ine mhinduro.

Migodhi mizhinji ine - nzvimbo dzekurapa nzvimbo dzekubvisa cyanide isati yaburitsa chero mvura. Izvi zvinomera zvekurapa zvinoshandisa maitiro emakemikari kuputsa cyanide kuita zvinhu zvishoma zvinokuvadza. Pamusoro pezvo, masisitimu emidziyo ari munzvimbo yekudzivirira kuburitswa netsaona kwecyanide - ine mhinduro. Semuenzaniso, madziva ane mitsetse uye matangi ekuchengetera anoshandiswa kuchengetedza cyanide mhinduro, uye kutarisisa kwakasimba kunoitwa kuona chero kuvuza kana kuraswa nekukasira.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide yanga iri, uye inoramba iri, kemikari yakakosha muindasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe. Kugona kwayo kuburitsa goridhe zvine mutsindo kubva mumatombo nemutengo wakaderera kwakaita kuti ive chikamu chakakosha chemabasa emazuva ano ekuchera goridhe. Nepo kuchengetedzeka uye kunetseka kwezvakatipoteredza kwakabatana nekushandiswa kwayo, indasitiri yezvicherwa yakafambira mberi zvakanyanya mukugadzira nzira dzekubata zvakachengeteka uye nzira dzinoshanda dzekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvo tekinoroji iri kuramba ichishanduka, zvichave zvinonakidza kuona kana nzira nyowani dzekubvisa goridhe dzichibuda. Nekudaro, kune ramangwana rinoonekwa, sodium cyanide ingangoramba iri mutambi akakosha mukutsvaga kuvhura kukosha kwegoridhe kubva mumatombo.