Pressure Oxidation Kurapa kweCyanide - ine Wastewater muGold Smelting

ziviso

Muindasitiri yeGoridhe Rinonyungudutsa Goridhe , nzira yekuisa cyanidation inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukubvisa goridhe. Zvisinei, nzira iyi inogadzira mvura yakawanda ine cyanide . MaCyanide mumvura ine tsvina ane chepfu yakawanda, uye kana akaburitswa zvakananga pasina kurapwa kwakakodzera, anotyisidzira zvakanyanya nharaunda nehutano hwevanhu. Nokudaro, kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekurapa mvura yakasviba inoshanda uye ine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza yave kiyi yekuvandudzwa kwakasimba kweindasitiri yekunyungudutsa goridhe. Senzira yepamusoro yekurapa mvura yakasviba, tekinoroji yekurapa pressure oxidation inoratidza mukana mukuru mukurapa mvura yakasviba yecyanide kubva mukunyungudutsa goridhe.

Nheyo dzePressure Oxidation Treatment Technology

Musimboti mukuru wetekinoroji yekurapa pressure oxidation ndeyekuita kuti macyanide ari mumvura yakasviba aite oxidation reactions pasi pemamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya, ane pressure yakakwira kana paine okisijeni, zvichiashandura kuita zvinhu zvine chepfu shoma kana kuti zvisina chepfu. Munguva iyi, macyanide ions (CN⁻) anogadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Kutanga, macyanate ions (CNO⁻) anogadzirwa, uye ozowedzerwa oxidation uye oora kuita zvinhu zvisina njodzi zvakaita seCarbon dioxide (CO₂) nenitrogen (N₂). Maitiro aya e oxidation anogona kuparadza zvinobudirira chimiro chemakemikari eCyanides , nokudaro achideredza chepfu yemvura yakasviba. Panguva iyi, mamwe ma heavy metal ions mumvura yakasviba, akadai semhangura, zinc, uye iron, ayo anogona kutanga kugadzira stable complexes necyanides, achaorawo pasi pesimba re pressure oxidation. Kuburitswa kwema heavy metal ions kunogadzira mamiriro ekuparadzaniswa uye kurapwa kunotevera.

Kuenzanisa Kwakanakira pamusoro peMarapirwo Echivanhu

Kubudirira Kwekurapa Kwepamusoro

Nzira dzechinyakare dzekuchenesa mvura ye cyanide, senge nzira ye alkaline chlorination, inogonawo kuwana oxidation ye cyanides, asi chiyero chekuita chinononoka, uye nguva yekurapa yakareba. Kusiyana neizvi, tekinoroji yekurapa oxidation tekinoroji, nekuda kwekuita kunoitika pasi pekupisa kwepamusoro uye kudzvanywa kwemamiriro ekunze, inomhanyisa zvakanyanya kuwanda kweiyo oxidation yecyanides. Inogona kuderedza cyanide concentration mumvura yakasviba kusvika kune yakaderera zvikuru munguva pfupi, ichivandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwekurapa.

Kwakasimba Kuchinjika kune Yakaoma Wastewater

Kuumbwa kwecyanide tsvina yemvura kubva mukunyunguduka kwegoridhe kwakaoma. Mukuwedzera kune cyanides uye heavy metal ions, inogonawo kunge iine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu uye humwe hutsvina. Dzimwe nzira dzekurapa dzechinyakare dzine mhedzisiro isina kunaka pamvura yetsvina ine zvikamu zvakaoma uye inonetsa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekuburitsa. Iyo yekumanikidza oxidation kurapwa tekinoroji, zvisinei, inogona kunyatso kubata neiyi yakaoma tsvina yemvura system. Iyo ine yakanaka yekubvisa maitiro emhando dzakasiyana dzecyanides uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa, zvichiratidza kusimba kwakasimba.

Yakaderedzwa Ngozi yeSekondari Kusvibiswa

Nzira dzechinyakare dzekurapa dzinogona kuburitsa zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvechipiri panguva yekurapwa. Semuenzaniso, iyo alkaline chlorination nzira inoshandisa chlorine-based oxidants, uye ine muchetura cyanogen chloride gasi inogona kugadzirwa panguva yekuita, iyo isingakonzere njodzi kune hutano hwevashandisi asi inogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Zvinoita zvigadzirwa zveiyo pressure oxidation kurapwa tekinoroji inonyanya kusakuvadza gasi senge kabhoni dhaibhoni uye nitrogen, inoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekusvibiswa kwechipiri uye kuenderana zvakanyanya nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza nharaunda.

Process Flow of Pressure Oxidation Treatment

Pretreatment Stage

Usati wapinda mukumanikidza oxidation process, mvura yetsvina inoda kugadzirwa. Chinangwa chikuru cheichi danho ndechekubvisa zvakamiswa zvimedu, zvimedu zvakakura zvetsvina, uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri nyore kudonha mumvura yetsvina, kudzivirira zvinhu izvi kuti zvisakonzerese kuvharika kana kukanganisa maitiro ekuita mune inotevera yekumanikidza oxidation michina. Pretreatment inowanzotora nzira dzemuviri, dzakadai sefiltration uye sedimentation. Masimbi akarembera ehukuru hukuru anogona kuvharirwa kuburikidza nekusefa kwegridi, uye matangi ekunyungudutsa anogona kushandiswa kubvumira imwe sediment, zvidimbu, nezvimwewo mumvura yetsvina kuti zvigadzikane.

Pressure Oxidation Reaction Stage

Iyo pretreated wastewater inopinda mu pressure oxidation reactor. Mukati me reactor, mvura yetsvina inosangana izere neokisijeni uye inosangana nekuita oxidation pasi pekupisa kwepamusoro (kazhinji 150 - 250 ℃) uye high-pressure (kazhinji 1 - 5MPa) mamiriro. Kuti uvandudze maitiro ekuita, huwandu hwakakodzera hwekatani dzimwe nguva hunowedzerwa. Mune ino nhanho, ma cyanides zvishoma nezvishoma oxidized uye kuora, uye heavy metal complexes zvakare yakaputswa. Munguva yekuita maitiro, zvimiro zvakaita setembiricha, kudzvanywa, mwero wekuyerera kweokisijeni, uye nguva yekuita zvinoda kunyatsodzorwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti oxidation reaction inofamba zvakanaka uye inowana yakanakisa kurapwa maitiro.

Inotevera Kurapa Stage

Kunyangwe iyo cyanide yekumisikidza mumvura yetsvina inoburitswa kubva mukumanikidzwa oxidation reactor yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, inogona kunge iine zvimwe zvakasara zvinosvibisa uye zvichangobva kuumbwa zvinhu panguva yekuita, senge heavy metal ions uye sulfates. Nokudaro, kurapwa kunotevera kunodiwa. Kutevera kurapwa kunowanzo sanganisira matanho akadai se neutralization, sedimentation, uye filtration. Chekutanga, alkaline zvinhu (senge lime) zvinowedzerwa kuti zvisaite mvura yetsvina uye kugadzirisa iyo pH kukosha kune kwayakarerekera kana pedyo-kwayakarerekera renji. Pasi pemamiriro epH akakodzera, heavy metal ions mumvura ine tsvina inoumba hydroxide precipitates. Zvadaro, kuburikidza nekuita sedimentation uye kusefa, mvura iyi inoparadzaniswa kubva mumvura inorasika, ichiwedzera kuderedza zviri mukati metsvina mumvura yetsvina uye kuita kuti mvura yetsvina yakacheneswa isangane nemiyero yekuburitsa kana kushandiswa zvakare.

Ongororo Yezvishandiso Zvekushandisa

Bhizinesi rakakura kwazvo rekunyungudutsa goridhe rakatora tekinoroji yekurapa oxidation kurapa mvura yaro yecyanide. Asati ashandisa tekinoroji iyi, bhizinesi yanga yakatarisana nematambudziko mazhinji mukurapwa kwemvura yetsvina yecyanide. Nzira dzechinyakare dzekurapa dzaisangova nemitengo yakakwira yekurapisa asi zvakare dzakaomerwa mukuzadzisa zvakadzikama izvo zvairamba zvichiomesera zvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zviyero zvekuburitsa.

Mushure mekutangisa tekinoroji yekurapa oxidation tekinoroji, bhizinesi rakagadzira yakazara tsvina yekuchenesa sisitimu, inosanganisira pretreatment zvivakwa, pressure oxidation reactor, uye aitevera ekurapa zvikamu. Kuburikidza nekutarisa kwekushanda chaiko, maitiro ekurapa aive anoshamisa. Kuiswa kwe cyanide mumvura yetsvina kwakadzikira kubva pamazana emamiriyoni emirigiramu parita kuenda kusingasviki mamirigiramu akati wandei parita, nechiyero chekubvisa chinodarika 99%. Panguva imwecheteyo, zviri mukati meheavy metal ions zvakare zvakadzikira zvakanyanya, zvichizadzisa zvizere zviyero zvepasirese zvakatarwa.

Kubva pakuona kwekubatsira kwehupfumi, kunyangwe iyo yekutanga mari yemidziyo yekumanikidza oxidation kurapwa tekinoroji yakakwira, nekufamba kwenguva, nekuda kwekurapa kwayo kwakanyanya uye kushandiswa kwakaderera reagent, mutengo wekurapa wese wakadzikira. Zvakare, kuburikidza nekushandiswa zvakare kwemvura yetsvina yakacheneswa, bhizinesi rakawanawo mamwe mabhenefiti ehupfumi mukushandiswa kwemvura. Kubva pakuona kwekubatsira kwezvakatipoteredza, tekinoroji iyi yakadzikisa zvinoburitsa zvinosvibisa zvakaita sema cyanides nesimbi dzinorema, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kudzvanywa kwenzvimbo yakapoteredza uye kuita mupiro wakanaka mukuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda.

Matambudziko uye Matanho

High Equipment Investment uye Operating Costs

Iyo yekumanikidza oxidation kurapwa tekinoroji inoda nyanzvi yekudzvanya midziyo, yakakwirira-tembiricha reaction zvishandiso, uye chaiyo yekudzora masisitimu, zvichikonzera hombe yekutanga midziyo yekudyara. Mukuwedzera, kuchengetedza kutonhora kwakanyanya uye kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya panguva yekushanda uye kushandiswa kweokisijeni kuchawedzerawo mari yekushandisa.

Countermeasures: Kune rimwe divi, mabhizinesi anogona kuronga zvine hungwaru chiyero cheprojekiti, kuvandudza mwero wekushandiswa kwemidziyo, uye kuderedza mutengo wekugoverwa kwemidziyo pachikamu chekuchenesa mvura. Nekune rumwe rutivi, pakusarudza michina, sarudza yakakwira-inoshanda, ine simba-inoshanda midziyo uye optimize inoshanda paramita kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye mari yekushandisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji uye kuwedzera kwemakwikwi emusika, mutengo wemidziyo unotarisirwa kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, nekudaro kuderedza mutoro wekudyara kumabhizinesi.

Zvido Zvakakwirira zveKushanda uye Kugadzirisa

Maitiro ekushanda kweiyi tekinoroji anosanganisira nharaunda dzine njodzi senge tembiricha yakakwira uye kudzvanywa kwakanyanya, kunoda hunyanzvi hwemhando yepamusoro uye hunyanzvi hwekushanda kwevashandisi. Uyezve, panguva yekushanda kwenguva refu kwemidziyo, nekuda kwesimba rekushisa kwepamusoro, kudzvanywa kwepamusoro, uye nzvimbo yakasimba yeoxidation, matambudziko akadai sekupfeka uye kukora angangoitika, uye kugara uchigadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kunodiwa.

Countermeasures: Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kusimbisa kudzidziswa kwevashandisi, kuvandudza ruzivo rwavo rwehunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwekushanda, uye nekuona kuti vanogona kushanda zvakanyatsoenderana nemaitiro ekuvhiya kudzivirira tsaona dzekuchengetedza dzinokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwekushanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, gadza yakakwana yekugadzirisa manejimendi sisitimu, kugara uchiongorora, kuchengetedza, uye sevhisi zvishandiso, nekukurumidza tsvaga uye kugadzirisa matambudziko aripo mumidziyo, kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yemidziyo, uye kuona kushanda kwakagadzikana kwehurongwa. Pamusoro pezvo, hukama hwakanaka hwekushandira pamwe hunogona kugadzwa nevashambadzi vemidziyo kuti vawane rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi uye mushure mekutengesa-basa.

mhedziso

Senzira inoshanda uye ine hushamwari yekurapa kwecyanide tsvina mukunyungudutswa kwegoridhe, tekinoroji yekurapa oxidation tekinoroji ine mabhenefiti akakosha uye tarisiro yekushandiswa kwakafara. Nekuita oxidizing uye kuora ma cyanides pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro-soro uye high-pressure mamiriro, inogona kunyatsoderedza huturu hwemvura yakasvibiswa uye kubvisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosvibisa. Kunyangwe ichitarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvakaita sekudyara kwemidziyo yakakwira uye mutengo wekushandisa, uye zvinodikanwa zvakanyanya zvekushanda nekugadzirisa mukushandisa zvinoshanda, matambudziko aya anogona kugadziriswa nemazvo nekutora matanho anonzwisisika. Nekuwedzera kwakasimba kwekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa uye kuenderera mberi kwehunyanzvi tekinoroji, tekinoroji yekurapa oxidation inotarisirwa kushandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekunyungudutsa goridhe, ichiita basa rakakosha mukuona kusvibira uye kuenderera mberi kweindasitiri yekunyungudutsa goridhe.