Kusvibisa Kudzora kweSodium Cyanide muGold Refining process

ziviso

Kuchenesa goridhe inzira yakaoma inonangana nekuchenesa goridhe kubva mumatombo aro kana kuti simbi. Pakati penzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa, kushandiswa kweSodium cyanide mukubvisa nekuchenesa goridhe kwagara kuripo kwenguva yakareba. Sodium cyanide inoita basa guru mukuparadzanisa goridhe kubva mumatombo ayo kuburikidza nenzira inonzi Cyanide leaching . Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwekemikari iyi ine chepfu ine njodzi huru kunharaunda neutano, zvichiita kuti kudzora kusvibiswa kuve chinhu chakakosha.

Basa reSodium Cyanide muKunatsa Goridhe

Cyanide Leaching process

Kubvisa goridhe kubva muCyanide inzira yakajairika mukuchera nekuchenesa goridhe. Sodium cyanide (NaCN) inoshandiswa kunyungudutsa goridhe kubva muore. Kana paine okisijeni, Sodium Cyanide inosangana negoridhe kugadzira soluble gold cyanide complexes. Semuenzaniso, mukubviswa kwegoridhe kubva muheap, mhinduro dzeCyanide dzinopfapfaidzwa pamusoro pematombo akapwanywa akapararira pamapadhi makuru ekuunganidza. Mhinduro yeCyanide inoyerera nemumurwi weore, ichinyungudutsa goridhe, iro rinozounganidzwa mumushonga. Mukubviswa kwegoridhe kubva mutangi, kunoitwa munzvimbo dzakanyatsodzorwa senge matangi makuru, maitiro acho akafanana, asi anogadzira marara sechigadzirwa.

Kemikari Reactions Inobatanidzwa

Mukubvisa cyanide mugoridhe, sodium cyanide , pamwe chete neokisijeni nemvura, inopindirana negoridhe riri muore. Kudyidzana kwemakemikari uku kunoguma nekuumbwa kwechinhu chinonyunguduka chine goridhe. Chinhu ichi chegoridhe chinonyunguduka chinogona kugadziriswazve kuburikidza nematanho anotevera ekuwana goridhe rakachena.

Ngozi dzeSodium Cyanide Pollution

Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza

Kusvibiswa kweCyanide kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa pane zvakatipoteredza. Kana cyanide mhinduro dzinodonha kubva mumidziyo yemidziyo yakadai sekubata matangi, madziva, kana panguva yekufambisa, inogona kusvibisa ivhu, mitumbi yemvura, uye mweya. Mumvura, cyanide inogona kuuraya zvipenyu zvemumvura, ichikanganisa zvisikwa zvese. Semuyenzaniso, inogona kuvharidzira kufema kwehove nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura, zvichiita kuti vafe. Muvhu, cyanide inogona kukanganisa kukura kwezvirimwa uye kuita kwevhu microbial, zvichiita kuti ivhu risakodzere kurima.

Njodzi dzoutano Kuvanhu

Sodium cyanide ine chepfu zvakanyanya kuvanhu. Kunyange mari shoma inogona kuuraya. Kufema, kupinza, kana kubata ganda necyanide kunogona kukonzera chepfu yakakomba. Cyanide inodzivirira kukwanisa kwemuviri kushandisa oxygen, zvichiita kuti zviratidzo zvakadai sekufema nokukurumidza, dzungu, musoro, uye mumatambudziko akaoma, kutadza kufema uye kufa. Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune yakaderera mazinga ecyanide kunogona zvakare kuve nekusingaperi hutano mhedzisiro pane tsinga system, thyroid gland, uye dzimwe nhengo.

Kusvibisa Kudzora Matanho

Engineering Controls

Containment Systems

Kuchengetedza Zvinhu : Mapurasitiki emhando yepamusoro anowanzo shandiswa kubatanidza matangi ekuchengetedza, madziva ekuchengetedza, uye mabheseni ekuchengetera zvinhu uko kunochengeterwa mishonga yecyanide. Polyurea inopa simba rakanaka rekudzivirira makemikari, ichidzivirira migumisiro yecyanide pamidziyo inochengetedza zvinhu. Inokurumidzawo kupora, zvichiita kuti kuiswa kwayo kuiswe nekukurumidza uye kuderedza nguva yekushanda kwemabasa ekuchera.

Kudzivirira Kwechipiri : Pamusoro pemapurasitiki ekutanga, masisitimu ekudzivirira echipiri akakosha. Kuputira kwepolyurea kunogona kuiswa pasi, madziro, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakatenderedza nzvimbo dzekudzivirira kwekutanga. Izvi zvinogadzira jira rekuchengetedza kuti ribate chero kubuda kwemvura kana kudonha. Kunyangwe kana kudzivirirwa kwekutanga kukakundikana nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi akadai sekukuvadzwa kwemakemikari kana ngura, kudzivirirwa kwechipiri kunogona kudzivirira cyanide kuti isapinde munharaunda.

Leak Detection Systems

Kuisa advanced leak yekuona masisitimu kwakakosha. Aya masisitimu anogona kuramba achitarisa kutendeseka kwezvimiro zvemidziyo. Semuyenzaniso, mamwe masisitimu anoshandisa masensa kuona shanduko mukumanikidzwa, kuyerera, kana makemikari kuumbwa mukati memudziyo wemidziyo. Kana pakange pabuda mvura, danho rekukurumidza rinogona kutorwa kudzivirira kuwedzera kusvibiswa.

Process Optimization

Dzimwe Nzira dzeLeaching

Vatsvakurudzi vanogara vachitsvaga dzimwe nzira dze cyanide leaching kuderedza kushandiswa kwe sodium cyanide. Imwe nzira yakadaro ndeye bioleaching, iyo inoshandisa tupukanana kuburitsa goridhe kubva mumatombo. Mamwe mabhakitiriya anogona oxidize sarufa - inotakura zvicherwa muore, ichiburitsa goridhe. Iyi nzira inonyanya kukoshesa zvakatipoteredza sezvo isingabatanidzi kushandiswa kwemakemikari ane chepfu secyanide. Imwe nzira ndeyekushandisa thiosulfate leaching, iyo inoshandisa thiosulfate munyu pachinzvimbo checyanide kunyungudutsa goridhe. Kunyangwe thiosulfate leaching ine zvimhingamipinyi zvayo senge kuomarara kwekugadzirisa uye kudzikisa goridhe kudzoreredza mitengo mune dzimwe nguva, inopa mhinduro inogona kudzikisa cyanide - ine chekuita nekusvibiswa.

Kuvandudza Kudzorera Kubudirira

Kugadzirisa nzira yekudzoreredza goridhe kunogona kubatsirawo mukudzora kusvibiswa. Nekuvandudza kugona kwekuchera goridhe kubva mumhinduro dzecyanide, marara mashoma ecyanide anozogadzirwa. Yepamberi yekusefa uye nzira dzekuparadzanisa dzinogona kushandiswa kuve nechokwadi chekuti goridhe rakawanda sezvinobvira rinowanikwa kubva kune cyanide mhinduro tsvina isati yaraswa. Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hwecyanide inoda kurapwa mumararamiro ekugadzirisa tsvina.

Tupuka Management

Kurapa kweCyanide - Ine tsvina

Cyanide - ine tsvina, senge maswe kubva mutangi leaching, inoda kurapwa nemazvo kuti ideredze huturu hwayo. Imwe nzira yakajairika yekurapa ndeye kushandiswa kwemakemikari oxidation. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera hydrogen peroxide (\(H_2O_2\)) kana chlorine - based oxidants kune cyanide - ine tsvina inogona kushandura cyanide kuita mashoma ane chepfu makomisheni. Kuburikidza neiyi oxidation maitiro, iyo yakanyanya muchetura chimiro checyanide inodzikiswa.

Kuraswa Kwakachengeteka Kwetsvina Yakabatwa

Mushure mekurapwa, tsvina inoda kuraswa nenzira yakachengeteka. Micheka inogona kuchengetwa mune yakanyatsogadzirirwa tailings impoundment iyo yakamisikidzwa nezvinhu kudzivirira kuvuza. Izvi zvinovharirwa zvinofanirwa kunge zviri munzvimbo dzine njodzi shoma yekusvibisa masosi emvura kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzakatipoteredza. Kugara kutariswa kwema impoundments kunodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hapana kuvuza kunoitika nekufamba kwenguva.

Kuteerera Kwemitemo

Mitemo uye Mitemo Inotonga Kushandiswa kweCyanide

Kune mitemo nemirau yakaoma padanho remunharaunda, renyika, nerepasi rose inodzora kushandiswa, kuchengetwa, kutakurwa, uye kuraswa kwe sodium cyanide muindasitiri yekuchenesa Goridhe . Semuenzaniso, munyika dzakawanda, makambani emigodhi anofanirwa kuwana mvumo yekushandisa cyanide, iyo inosanganisira kuratidza kuti ane matanho akakodzera ekudzora kusvibiswa. Anofanirawo kutevedzera miganhu chaiyo pahuwandu hwecyanide inogona kuburitswa munzvimbo.

Monitoring uye Enforcement

Mapazi ehurumende ane basa rekuona kutevedzerwa kwemabasa ekunatsa goridhe nemitemo iyi. Kuongororwa nguva dzose kwenzvimbo dzemigodhi, marabhoritari, uye nzvimbo dzekutonga marara kunoitwa kuona kuti makambani ari kutevedzera maitiro akakodzera ekubata sodium cyanide. Muchiitiko chekusateerera, zvirango zvinogona kuiswa, izvo zvinogona kusanganisira faindi, kumiswa kwemabasa, kana kukanzurwa kwemvumo.

mhedziso

Kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mukunatsa goridhe munondo unocheka kaviri. Kunyange iri nzira inoshanda yekuchera goridhe, njodzi dzinobatanidzwa dzekusvibisa dzakakosha. Nekudaro, kuburikidza nemusanganiswa wekutonga kweinjiniya, kugadzirisa mashandiro, kutonga kwakaringana marara, uye kutevedza kwakasimba kwemitemo, zvinokwanisika kudzikisira kukanganisa kwakashata kwekusvibiswa kwesodium cyanide mukunatsa goridhe. Kuenderera mberi nekutsvaga nekusimudzirwa kwemamwe matekinoroji uye matanho ekudzora kusvibiswa akavandudzwa zvakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekusimudzira indasitiri yekuchenesa goridhe uku uchichengetedza nharaunda uye hutano hwevanhu.