Sodium Cyanide (NaCN): Kugadzirwa uye Kusiyana Kwekushandisa

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ikemikari ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Kukosha kwayo kuri muhunhu hwayo hwemakemikari hunoita kuti ikwanise kuita mabasa akakosha mumabasa akadai sekugadzira organic, kunatswa kwesimbi, nezvimwewo.

I. Zvishandiso zveNaCN

A. Organic Synthesis

NaCN inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari. Inoshanda senzira huru yekuumba mabhondi eCarbon -carbon, zvichibvumira makhemisti kugadzira mamorekuru akaomarara emakemikari. Izvi zvakakosha pakugadzirwa kwemishonga, makemikari akanaka, uye mamwe makemikari akawanda emakemikari. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kwemishonga yakati, NaCN inoshandiswa kuunza mapoka chaiwo anoshanda, ayo akakosha pakushanda kwemushonga.

B. Kunatsa Goridhe neSirivha

Muindasitiri yemigodhi, NaCN inoita basa guru mukubvisa nekunatsa goridhe nesirivha. Maitiro aya, anozivikanwa secyanidation, anosanganisira kunyungudutsa goridhe nesirivha kubva mumatombo avo muSodium Cyanide solution . Nzira iyi inoshanda zvikuru uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumabasa makuru ekuchera pasi rose. Inobvumira kupatsanurwa kwesimbi dzinokosha kubva kune dzimwe mineral dziri mumatombo, zvichikonzera kugadzirwa kwegoridhe nesirivha yakachena kwazvo.

C. Electroplating

NaCN zvakare chikamu chakakosha mune electroplating maitiro. Inobatsira mukuiswa kwechidimbu chesimbi pane substrate. Mu electroplating, iyo cyanide ions muNaCN yakaoma ine simbi ions, zvichiita kuti yunifomu yavo igadzikane pamusoro pechinhu chiri kuputirwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nesimbi yakatsetseka uye inonamatira, iyo inoshandiswa pakushongedza, kuchengetedzwa kwekuora, nekuvandudza magetsi emagetsi echinhu chakaputirwa.

D. Zvimwe Zvishandiso

Pamusoro pezviri pamusoro, NaCN inoshandiswa musimbi kupisa kurapwa kugadzirisa pamusoro pezvimiro zvesimbi. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzirwa kwedhayi, mishonga yezvipembenene, sechinhu chinosarudzika musimbi isina ferrous metal ore flotation, mukugadzirwa kwemethyl methacrylate resin, uye mukugadzira potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate yepotashi).

II. Key Raw Materials eNaCN Production

A. Hydrocyanic Acid

Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvekugadzira NaCN ihydrocyanic acid (HCN). Parizvino, chikamu chikuru chehydrocyanic acid chinowanikwa sechinobva mukugadzirwa kweacrylonitrile ( CH₂=CHCN). Mukugadzirwa kweacrylonitrile, huwandu hwehydrocyanic acid inogadzirwa nechibereko inenge 10% yehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kweacrylonitrile. Chinobva chagadziriswazve kuti chigadzire NaCN.

B. Mamwe Manyuko

Munzvimbo dzine mamiriro akanaka, hydrocyanic acid inogona zvakare kugadzirwa kubva kugasi rechisikigo uye ammonia. Iyi imwe nzira inopa imwe sosi yehydrocyanic acid yekugadzirwa kweNaCN. Iyo synthesis yehydrocyanic acid kubva kune izvi mbishi zvinhu inosanganisira yakaoma makemikari maitiro ayo anoda chaiwo maitiro ekuita uye catalysts.

Mukupedzisa, sodium cyanide ikemikari inoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana ine mashandisirwo akawanda mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Kugadzirwa kweNaCN kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha, kunyanya hydrocyanic acid, iyo inogona kuwanikwa kubva kuacrylonitrile by-products kana kugadzirwa kubva mugasi rechisikigo neammonia. Sezvo maindasitiri achiramba achichinja, kukosha kweNaCN mukuita kuti maitiro akasiyana-siyana emakemikari arambe aripo.