Misiyano pakati pemakemikari mbishi zvinhu sodium cyanide uye potassium cyanide

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) uye potassium cyanide (KCN) ese ari maviri akakosha inorganic kemikari raw materials ane akakosha maindasitiri ekushandisa. Zvisinei, vane unhu hwakasiyana hunovasiyanisa muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Ngationgororei misiyano yavo zvakadzama pamativi akawanda.

Proper Properties

Kuonekwa

Potassium cyanide inowanzoratidza sechena spherical yakaoma mapundu, uku sodium cyanide inoonekwa muchimiro chewhite crystalline granules kana upfu. Pamusoro pezvo, potasium cyanide inoburitsa kunhuhwirira kunovava kwearumondi, kunogona kuve chinhu chakajeka asi chakakosha chekuzivisa. Sodium cyanide, kune rumwe rutivi, ine hygroscopic yakanyanya uye inoratidza zvinhu zvinoparadza, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuchengeta uye kubata nekuchenjerera kwakanyanya kudzivirira kunyura kwemwando uye kukanganisa kunogona kuitika mumidziyo yekuchengetera.

Melting Point

Nezvekunyunguduka, potassium cyanide ine nzvimbo yakanyanyisa kunyunguduka inosvika 634.5°C, ukuwo. Sodium Cyanide inonyungudika inosvika 563.7°C. Uyu mutsauko mumapoinzi ekunyunguduka unogona kupesvedzera mashandiro avo uye mashandisirwo mumaindasitiri ezvigadziro uko kudzora tembiricha kwakakosha.

Solubility

Panyaya yekunyungudika, potassium cyanide inonyungudika mumvura uye glycerol, zvichiita kuti kushandiswa kwayo kuve kwakasiyana-siyana-kwakavakirwa maitiro. Sodium cyanide, neimwe nzira, inoratidza kunyungudika mune yemvura ammonia uye ethanol, ichigonesa kushandiswa kwayo mune chaiwo maitikiro emakemikari uye maitiro ekugadzira anoda izvi zvinonyungudutsa.

Density

Kuwanda kwemakomboni maviri aya kunosiyanawo, ne potassium cyanide ine density ye 1.52 g/cm³ uye Sodium cyanide kuva denser paanenge 1.60 g/cm³. Iyi misiyano yehutsi inogona kukanganisa kubata, kufambisa, uye kusanganisa maitiro mumaindasitiri ekushandisa.

Chemical Zvivakwa

Reactivity pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu

Kana zvasvika pakuita kwemakemikari, potassium cyanide inobatana nemaacids kuti igadzire gasi rine chepfu ine hydrogen cyanide, iyo inofanirwa kudzorwa nokungwarira kudzivirira kuburitswa kwechinhu ichi chinouraya. Sodium cyanide, kana yasangana ne kabhoni dioxide, inoora zvishoma nezvishoma, hunhu hunokanganisa kuchengetwa kwayo uye kugadzikana kwayo nekufamba kwenguva. Potassium cyanide inoburitsa kupisa kana ichisangana nemvura, izvo zvinogona kukonzera njodzi kana ikasatarisirwa zvakanaka. Sodium cyanide, kana ikasanganiswa nemaoxidizer akasimba, inogona kukonzera kuputika, zvichisimbisa kukosha kwemaitiro ekubata akaomarara.

Applications

Industrial Uses

Kushandiswa kwe potassium cyanide uye sodium cyanide zvinosiyana zvakanyanya. Potassium cyanide inowana kushandiswa kwakawanda muindasitiri ye electroplating, uko inoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira kunaka uye kusimba kwesimbi. Iyo inoshandawo seyepakati mune organic synthesis, ichibatsira mukugadzirwa kweakasiyana organic komisheni. Uyezve, potassium cyanide inobatanidzwa mukugadzirira fericyanides, iyo ine maapplication mukutora mifananidzo uye mamwe maitiro emakemikari.

Sodium cyanide, kune rumwe rutivi, inonyanya kushandiswa mukutorwa kwesimbi dzakakosha segoridhe. Kugona kwayo kuumba yakagadzika macomplexes ane maion egoridhe inoita kuti ive yakakosha reagent mumigodhi yegoridhe uye kunatsa mashandiro. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzira nitriles, izvo zvakakosha zvivharo mukugadzira akawanda makemikari, mapurasitiki, uye mishonga. Uyezve, sodium cyanide ine maapplication muindasitiri yemishonga, kunyangwe kushandiswa kwayo kwakadzorwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekunyanyisa kwayo muchetura.

Kufunga Zvekuchengetedza

Kubata uye Kuchengeta

Kuchengetedza kwakakosha zvakanyanya kana uchibata neese potassium cyanide uye sodium cyanide nekuda kwekunyanya kuchetura. Potassium cyanide inowanzoiswa mumadhiramu esimbi akavharwa kudzivirira kubuda uye kubuda pachena. Inofanirwa kutakurwa ichinyatsotevedzera mitemo ine njodzi yemakemikari, uye kugadzirwa kwayo kunoda matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza kuchengetedza vashandi kubva pakufumurwa. Muchiitiko chekubatana kweganda ne potassium cyanide, kurapwa nokukurumidza kunodiwa sezvo inogona kukurumidza kutungamirira kune chepfu. Kunwa kunyange chidimbu chiduku kunogona kuuraya.

Sodium cyanide inofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma kudzivirira kunyura nekuora. Panguva yekubata, chenjedzo dzinofanirwa kutorwa kudzivirira kukuvara kwemudziyo, sezvo chero kuvuza kunogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuisa njodzi huru kuhutano hwevanhu. Kana paine sodium cyanide inodonha, pane akajairwa emhinduro yekukurumidzira yekutevera kudzikisa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzeka kwevanhu. Inhalation ye sodium cyanide inogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kwakanyanya kumhepo yekufema, uye zvakare inoisa yakakosha kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kana ikasabatwa nemazvo.

Mukupedzisa, nepo potassium cyanide uye sodium cyanide vachigovana hunhu hwehupfu hwakanyanya, misiyano yavo yezvimiro zvemuviri, maitiro emakemikari, mashandisiro, uye kuchengetedza zvinodiwa zvakakura. Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kwakakosha pakuve nechokwadi chekushandisa kwavo kwakachengeteka uye kunoshanda mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana. Makomisheni ese ari maviri anoda kuteedzera kwakasimba, kubata nekungwarira, uye manejimendi akakodzera kudzivirira tsaona, kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu, uye kuchengetedza nharaunda.