Zvakawanda sei zvaunoziva nezve kwakabva cyanides?

Cyanide ikemikari ine muchetura zvakanyanya inoisa njodzi huru kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Kunzwisisa kwainotangira, mhedzisiro, uye matanho ekuchengetedza kwakakosha mukudzivirira kuratidzwa uye kuve nechokwadi chekugara zvakanaka.

Zvinyorwa zveCyanide

Maindasitiri Kunyorera

Cyanide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana. Vashandi mumaindasitiri akadai se electroplating, kupenda, kugadzira dhayi, uye kugadzirwa kwerabha vane mikana yakawandisa yekuratidzwa. Mu electroplating, semuenzaniso, Cyanide inoshandiswa kusimudzira kunamatira kwesimbi coatings. Nekudaro, kubata zvisina kunaka uye kushaikwa kwemaitiro ekuchengetedza mumaindasitiri aya anogona kutungamirira cyanide kuvuza uye kusunungurwa munzvimbo.

Zviitiko Zvakasikwa Muzvokudya

Zvinoshamisa kuti cyanide inogonawo kuwanikwa mune zvimwe zvekudya zvakajairika. Zvibereko zvakaita semapichisi, plums, apricots, uye 枇杷 zvine hydrogen cyanide. Pakati pawo, maarumondi anovava ane akanyanya kuwanda. Uyezve, mufarinya, chikafu chikuru munzvimbo dzakawanda dzinopisa, unewo hydrogen cyanide. Izvi zvakasikwa - zvichiitika cyanides kazhinji vanosungwa nenzira ye cyanogenic glycosides. Kana zvinhu izvi zvikapinzwa, ma enzymes ari mumuviri anogona kuapwanya, zvichigona kuburitsa yemahara cyanide.

Biological Production

Muhupenyu hwezvisikwa, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) inogona kugadzirwa kuburikidza ne hydrolysis ye amyGDAlin ne enzyme amygdalinase. Kunyangwe HCN isipo muhuwandu hwakawanda muzvinhu zvipenyu, inogona kuumbwa pasi pemamwe maitiro enzymatic. Cyanide ine hukama hwakasimba nemaatomu esimbi uye inogona kuumba macomplexes akagadzikana. Hunhu uhwu hunoibvumira kubatana zviri nyore nemapuroteni ane simbi, kazhinji zvichikanganisa mashandiro awo zvakanyanya. Kunyanya, cytochrome c oxidase, enzyme inokosha mucheni yekufema, inogona kudziviswa zvakanyanya kunyangwe paine huwandu hwakaderera se10 - 4M, zvichizopedzisira zvaita kuti kufema kumire.

Njodzi dzeCyanide

Izvo zvinokuvadza zvinokonzerwa necyanide pamuviri wemunhu zvinoratidzwa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru: zvakakomba uye zvisingaperi. Kunyanya kuratidzwa kune cyanide kunogona kutyisidzira hupenyu. Iyo yakaburitswa cyanide ions (CN -) inokanganisa kushanda kwese kwese kwese nekusunga kune akakosha enzymes anobatanidzwa mukushandiswa kweokisijeni. Izvi zvinokanganisa simba remuviri rekushandisa oxygen, zvichiita kuti munhu ave nezviratidzo zvakadai sekukurumidza kufema, kuita dzungu, kutemwa nemusoro, uye mumatambudziko akaomarara, kutadza kuziva uye kufa. Kugara kuratidzwa, kunyangwe kusingabude pachena, kunogona kukonzera matambudziko ehutano kwenguva refu, kusanganisira kukuvadzwa kwetsinga, kufema system, uye thyroid gland.

Kungwarira uye Emergency Responses

Kungwarira Kwepabasa

Munzvimbo dzebasa umo cyanide inogadzirwa kana kushandiswa, senge cyanide - inoenderana nemakemikari zvidyarwa, yakasimba mitemo yekuchengetedza inofanirwa kuitwa. Kusvuta uye kudya zvinorambidzwa zvachose munzvimbo dze cyanide - kubata. Vashandi vanofanirwa kupihwa zvekuzvidzivirira nazvo, zvinosanganisira magirovhosi, masiki, nembatya dzekudzivirira, kudzivirira cyanide kuti isasvibisa ganda ravo uye kupinda mumiviri yavo kuburikidza nekuinwa kana kufemerwa. Matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kuve aripo kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti cyanide - ine zvinhu zvakachengetwa, kutakurwa, uye kushandiswa nemazvo. Nguva dzose kudzidziswa kuchengetedza uye drills kunofanirwa kuitwa kuwedzera ruzivo rwevashandi nezvenjodzi dzinogona kuitika uye kugona kupindura kwechimbichimbi.

Emergency Response kune Acute Poisoning

Kana pakaitika tsaona ine chepfu yecyanide, kukurumidza kuita kwakakosha. Imwe yekutanga-yekubatsira matanho ndeye kushandisa amyl nitrite. Tora 1 - 2 ampoules yeamyl nitrite, zviputire mumucheka, uye uzviputse. Zvadaro, bata ma ampoules akatyoka pedyo nemhino nemuromo wemurwere kuti afemedze, panguva imwe cheteyo uchiita kufema kwemaitiro. Raira murwere kuti afemere mhepo kwemasekonzi 15 - 30 pamaminitsi 1 - 2 ega ega. Kuwanda kwekufema kunofanira kugadziriswa maererano nemamiriro emurwere. Mushure mekurapwa kwekutanga uku, murwere anofanirwa kumhanyiswa kuchipatara kuti awane rubatsiro rwezvekurapa, izvo zvinogona kusanganisira kupihwa mishonga chaiyo yakadai se sodium nitrite uye sodium thiosulfate.

Mukupedzisa, cyanide, nemanyuko ayo akasiyana uye njodzi dzakakomba, inoda kutarisisa kwedu kukuru. Zvingave mumaindasitiri kana hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kuziva kuvepo kwayo, kutora matanho ekudzivirira, uye kuziva maitiro ekupindura kana kuratidzwa kwakakosha mukuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye kuchengeteka.