Kukanganisa kweSodium Cyanide paIvhu uye Nezvakatipoteredza

ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) inzvimbo ine muchetura inorganic compound inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana, senge migodhi yegoridhe, electroplating, uye makemikari synthesis. Nekuda kwekushandisa kwayo kwakawanda, kune njodzi huru ye sodium cyanide kupinda mu mhepo mvura nenzvimbo, uko kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya ivhu kunaka uye kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza. Ichi chinyorwa chine chinangwa chekuongorora zvizere maitiro e Sodium Cyanide pavhu uye nenharaunda yakafara.

Zvinhu zveSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide ichena, ine crystalline yakasimba uye isina kusimba, inovava hwemaamanda. Iyo inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura, ichigadzira yakasimba alkaline mhinduro. Solubility iyi inobvumira kuti ipararire zviri nyore munharaunda, kunyanya mumagadzirirwo emvura. Pamusoro pe, Sodium cyanide chinhu chakasimba chekudzikisisa uye chinopindirana zviri nyore nezvinhu zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira asidhi, simbi, uye oxidizing agents. Izvi zvemakemikari zvimiro zvinopa mukana wayo wekukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza.

Nzira dzeSodium Cyanide Inopinda Munzvimbo

Industrial Discharges

Mumaindasitiri akaita semigodhi yegoridhe, sodium cyanide inoshandiswa kubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo. Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwekemikari iyi kunogona kutungamira mukuburitswa kwakakura munzvimbo. Semuyenzaniso, miswe kubva kumigodhi yegoridhe kazhinji ine yasara sodium cyanide, iyo inogona kuburitswa mumvura iri pedyo nevhu kana ikasatarisirwa zvakanaka. Saizvozvo, mumaindasitiri e electroplating, mvura yetsvina ine sodium cyanide inogona kuburitswa pasina kurapwa kwakaringana, ichiisa njodzi kune yakapoteredza.

Accident Spills

Njodzi panguva yekufambisa kana kuchengetedza sodium cyanide inogona kukonzera kurasika kukuru. Kurasika uku kunogona kukanganisa ivhu, mvura yepamusoro, uye mvura yepasi. Somuenzaniso, kana tanker yakatakura mvura inonzi sodium cyanide ikapidiguka, kemikari yacho inogona kukurumidza kupinda muvhu, zvichikanganisa kemikari yevhu uye zvipenyu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kupera kunogonawo kutungamirira kukugadzirwa kwehydrogen cyanide gasi, iyo inogona kupararira mumhepo, ichikonzera kukuvadza kune vose vanhu uye zvakatipoteredza.

Impact paIvhu

Kuchinja Kwemakemikari Muvhu

Kana sodium cyanide ichipinda muvhu, inogona kupinda muhydrolysis, ichiburitsa cyanide ions (CN⁻). Aya maioni ecyanide anogona kuita nezvikamu zvakasiyana zvevhu. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kugadzira macomplexes ane ayoni esimbi muvhu, akadai sesimbi, mhangura, uye zingi. Izvi zvinogona kushandura kuwanikwa kweaya masimbi akakosha ezvirimwa, kuvhiringa maitiro ekukura kwechirimwa. Mukuwedzera, kuvapo kwecyanide kunogona kuchinja pH yevhu. Sezvo sodium cyanide iri hwaro hwakasimba, inogona kuwedzera alkalinity yevhu, iyo inogona kunge isingakodzeri kune zvirimwa zvakawanda zvinosarudza ivhu rakarerekera kana rine acidic.

Migumisiro paZvipembenene zveSoil

Utachiona hwevhu hunoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kuorera kwevhu uye kutenderera kwekudya kunovaka muviri. Nekudaro, sodium cyanide ine chepfu zvakanyanya kune aya ma microorganisms. Kunyangwe pakudzika kwakadzika, cyanide inogona kutadzisa kukura uye kuita kwebhakitiriya, fungi, uye imwe ivhu - ma microorganisms anogara. Semuenzaniso, inogona kukanganisa nitrogen - kugadzirisa kugona kwemamwe mabhakitiriya, izvo zvakakosha kuti zvirimwa zviwane nitrogen, chikafu chakakosha. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kudzikira kwekuorera kwevhu nekufamba kwenguva uye kudzikisira mukubereka kwese kweivhu.

Kukanganisa Kukura Kwemiti

Zvirimwa zvinokura muvhu rakasvibiswa nesodium cyanide zvinosangana nematambudziko akawanda. Kutorwa kwecyanide nemidzi yezvirimwa kunogona kukanganisa maitiro avo ekufema. Cyanide inosunga ku cytochrome oxidase, enzyme inobatanidzwa mukufema kwemasero, ichivharira cheni yekutakura maelectron uye kudzivirira kugadzirwa kweATP, iyo simba remari yesero. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvirimwa zvinogona kusangana nekukura, kutsvuka kwemashizha (chlorosis), uye mumatambudziko akaomarara, kufa. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo yakagadziridzwa ivhu chemistry uye yakaderedzwa microbial chiitiko nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwesodium cyanide inowedzera kuwedzera kukanganisa pakukura kwechirimwa.

Mhedzisiro pane Zvakatipoteredza

Kusvibiswa Kwemvura

Sodium cyanide munharaunda inogona kuwana nyore nzira yayo mumiviri yemvura. Kana yave mumvura, inoparadzaniswa kuita cyanide ions, iyo ine chepfu zvakanyanya kune zvipenyu zvemumvura. Kunyangwe pakadzika zvakanyanya (muhuwandu hwemicrograms parita), cyanide inogona kuuraya hove, invertebrates, uye humwe hupenyu hwemvura. Inogona kukanganisa hurongwa hwekufema hwezvipenyu izvi, zvichiita kuti pave nekudzipwa. Uyezve, kuvapo kwe cyanide mumvura kunogona kukanganisa kunaka kwemvura yekunwa. Kana cyanide - mvura yakasvibiswa yakashandiswa kushandiswa kwevanhu, inogona kukonzera matambudziko makuru ehutano, kusanganisira kufema kunetseka, dzungu, uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, rufu.

Kusvibiswa kwemhepo

Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki, sodium cyanide inogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Mukuvapo kweasidhi kana pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, sodium cyanide inogona kuita kuti igadzire hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN). Hydrogen cyanide igasi rinoputika uye rine muchetura zvakanyanya. Inogona kuburitswa mumhepo panguva dzemaindasitiri maitiro, kurasika netsaona, kana kana cyanide - yakasvibiswa ivhu kana mvura inoratidzwa kune acidic zvinhu. Kana yave mumhepo, hydrogen cyanide inogona kufemeswa nevanhu nemhuka, zvichikonzera kukuvadzwa kwehurongwa hwekufema, maziso, uye dzimwe nhengo.

Ecological Imbalance

Kusvibiswa kwakapararira kwevhu nemvura nesodium cyanide kunogona kukonzera kusaenzana kwezvakatipoteredza. Kufa kwezvipenyu zvemumvura uye kuderera kwevhu - kwakavakirwa chirimwa kukura kunogona kukanganisa chikafu chese cheni. Semuenzaniso, kana huwandu hwehove hukadzikira nekuda kwecyanide - mvura ine hutachiona, izvi zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yezvikara zvinotsamira pahove chikafu. Mukuwedzera, kurasikirwa kwechifukidziro chezvirimwa muvhu - nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa zvinogona kutungamirira kuwedzera kwekukura kwevhu, kuwedzera kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Kurapa uye Kudzivirirwa kweSodium Cyanide Pollution

Kurapa Ivhu Nemvura Yakasvibiswa

Kune nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekurapa ivhu nemvura zvakasvibiswa ne sodium cyanide. Mukurapa mvura, nzira dzemakemikari dzinoshandiswa. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera chlorine kana hydrogen peroxide ku cyanide - mvura yakasvibiswa inogona kuoxidation maion ecyanide kuita mhando dzisina chepfu, dzakadai se cyanate (CNO⁻) kana kabhoni dioxide negasi renitrogen. Mukurapa ivhu, bioremediation inogona kuva nzira inoshanda. Mamwe mabhakitiriya nefungi, ane simba rekuputsa cyanide kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi zvakanyanya. Nekuisa mabhakitiriya aya muvhu rakasviba, huwandu hwecyanide hunogona kudzikiswa nekufamba kwenguva.

Kudzivirirwa kweSodium Cyanide Pollution

Kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwesodium cyanide, maindasitiri anofanirwa kuita kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba uye maitiro ekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza. Muindasitiri yezvicherwa, semuenzaniso, kuchengetedza kwakaringana uye kurapwa kwemiswe kwakakosha. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa madhamu ane mitsetse kudzivirira kudonha kwecyanide - ine maswe munzvimbo dzakatenderedza. Pamusoro pezvo, maindasitiri anofanirwa kuisa mari mune mamwe matekinoroji anoderedza kana kubvisa kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide. Semuyenzaniso, mamwe mabasa ezvicherwa ari kuongorora kushandiswa kwenzira dzisiri dzecyanide pakuchera goridhe, senge thiosulfate leaching, iyo isinganyanye kukuvadza nharaunda.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide inokonzeresa kutyisidzira kukuru kumhando yevhu uye nharaunda yese nekuda kwehupfu hwayo hwepamusoro uye reactivity. Kemikari inogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakakura kumakemikari evhu, utachiona hwevhu, uye kukura kwechirimwa, pamwe nekusvibisa mvura nemhepo, zvichikonzera kusaenzana kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvisinei, kuburikidza nekurapa kwakakodzera kwenhau dzakasvibiswa uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekudzivirira mumaindasitiri, kukanganisa kwakashata kwe sodium cyanide pane zvakatipoteredza kunogona kuderedzwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti maindasitiri, hurumende, uye nzanga yese kuti vaone kukosha kwekutonga kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide uye kusvibiswa kuchengetedza nharaunda uye hutano hwevanhu.