Kusundidzira kuMugodhi Pasina Mercury-kazhinji sodium cyanide

Boka rinotsigirwa neUN rinobatsira vashandi vemumigodhi vadiki muPhilippine kuwana imwe nzira isina njodzi - kazhinji sodium cyanide.

Vashandi vanogadzira simbi ine goridhe pachirimwa chidiki muParacale, kuPhilippines.

MuPhilippines, semunzvimbo dzakawanda pasi rose, Mercury zvagara zviri pakati pekuti vanochera goridhe vadiki vanowana sei raramo yavo. Inoshandiswa senzira iri nyore yekuparadzanisa goridhe kubva kune mamwe maminerari avanochera, iyo heavy metal ine muchetura uye inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwetsinga, kuremara muchibereko, uye kunyange kufa.

Nyika yePhilippine yakarambidza kushandiswa kwemercury mukuchera goridhe muna 2012. Asi vasina kunyoreswa vashandi vemumigodhi munyika iyi vanoramba vachivimba nekemikari iyi kuti vawane mihoro yavo yezuva nezuva. Kwavari, pfungwa yekuramba inokunda, kunyangwe kudzidza nezve njodzi dzehutano uye kunyangwe kufa nguva isati yakwana inowanikwa nevanhu vanoshanda muchikamu.

Muridzi wemugodhi uye mukweretesi kuvacheri anoita nzvimbo diki inochera matombo kubva mumigero yakacherwa pasi pasi penzvimbo yacho uye inoagadzira muzvigayo. Zvipunu zvishoma zvemekiyuri zvinopinzwa mukati pese apo zvigayo zvinopiswa.

Artisanal miners vanoshandisa mercury nekuti iri nyore. Kana mercury yasanganiswa ne ore, inosunganidza negoridhe, ichigadzira musanganiswa wezvikamu zvinenge zvakaenzana zvesimbi mbiri. Iyo mercury inobva yapiswa, ichisiya goridhe asi zvakare kugadzira mhute ine muchetura inofemerwa nevazhinji vemigodhi nekusaziva.

Muridzi wemugodhi uyu anoti nezvekushandisa mercury kutsigira mhuri, achitsanangura kuti shaft yaifanira kuvharwa uye mugero mutsva wakaiswa mukati mushure medutu rakakonzera mafashamo.

Mercury - mvura ine tsvina iri pese pese panzvimbo iyi, kusanganisa mudziva diki umo vashandi vemigodhi vanoshandisa chepfu iyi kugadzira goridhe musimbi inobviswa pachigayo. Dziva racho rakakomberedzwa nemasaga ejecha uye rinogara zvishoma kubva kurwizi uko vana vadiki vanoredza.

Vana vanoredza pedyo nomugodhi muduku wendarama muParacale, Philippines, uyo unopfuurira kushandisa mercury mukuchera.

Muridzi anobvuma kuti mercury ine ngozi zvikuru. Kune varume vangangosvika gumi nevaviri vanoshanda pazviteshi zvakasiyana munzvimbo yakaoma, uye vamwe gumi vari mushishi kuchera simbi pasi petsoka. Vashandi vanoudzwa kuti vasaishandisa kana vaine mavanga, kudzivirira kunyura muropa.

Kushanya kwekambani iyi inzira yerwendo rwevatori venhau rwakarongwa nechirongwa chinotungamirwa neUnited Nations, planetGOLD, icho chinoshanda mukubatsira vanochera goridhe vadiki kuti vatevedzere chibvumirano cheMinamata Convention on Mercury. Vatori venhau vakashanyira migodhi nemafekitari ekugadzira ari pamatanho akasiyana-siyana ekuchinja kure nemercury.

Zvakanga zviri pachena kubva mukushanya uku kuti shanduko ichaitika chete kana vashandi vemumigodhi vakaziva zvakanyanya njodzi uye kuwana rubatsiro kubva kune zviremera kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzinoshanda dzekuchera goridhe. Parizvino, vashandi vemumigodhi vazhinji vari kuwana mhinduro mune imwe kemikari ine njodzi: Sodium Cyanide.

Kukurudzira Shanduko

Kubva pakatanga vatongi vekuSpain kutsvaga goridhe kuPhilippine mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 16, varombo vemigodhi vakakweverwa kuindasitiri iyi, kunyanya panguva yekukwira kwemutengo wegoridhe. Vanhu vakatenderedza imwe nzvimbo vakashanda hupenyu hwavo hwese muchikamu. Muna 2020. munhu akagara nhaka yemugodhi.

Sezvo kusavimbika kwepasirese kunofambisa vanoisa mari kune yakachengeteka - midziyo uye shanduko yesimba inowedzera kudiwa kwegoridhe nezvimwe zvicherwa, mitengo yegoridhe yakakwira-nezvinosvika gumi muzana muna 10 chete - ichikwevera vanhu vazhinji kumutsara webasa uyu.

UN inofungidzira kuti vanhu vane mamiriyoni gumi neshanu-kusanganisira mamiriyoni mana-15-4 mamiriyoni evana nevakadzi-vanoshanda munyika dzinopfuura makumi masere muzvikamu zviduku. basa rekucheras izvo zvinopa zvingangoita makumi maviri kubva muzana zvepasi rose kubuda kwesimbi. Kupa tsime remari kuvanhu vari kunzvimbo dziri kure uko kune dzimwe sarudzo shoma dziripo, uku kucherwa kwegoridhe kwehunyanzvi kunoburitsa mamwe 20 metric tons (t) yemekiri gore negore munzvimbo.

Kubva pakatanga gungano reMinamata makore manomwe apfuura, planetGOLD yanga ichishanda nevakuru, vacheri vemigodhi, vane mari, uye nharaunda dzeko kuti vachinje mabudisirwo nekugadzirwa kwegoridhe. Nhamburiko dzinosanganisira kuvaka ruzivo nezvenjodzi dzemekiyuri uku ichibatsira kugadzirisa mecury - yemahara migodhi uye nzira dzekugadzirisa kune zvinodiwa munharaunda. Yega yega planetGold zvirongwa zvinogara makore mashanu, mushure mezvo kuedza kunoenderera mberi nenharaunda nevakuru venzvimbo.

planetGOLD yakashanda munyika dzinopfuura makumi maviri muAfrica, Asia, neLatin America. Mugwaro regore rechirongwa ichi ra20–2022, vaongorori vakafungidzira kuti kuedza kwaro kusvika pari zvino kwakadzivirira kushandiswa kwe23 t yemercury munyika nhanhatu kwainoshanda. Munyika dzakati kuti, dzinosanganisira Colombia, Peru, neBurkina Faso, planetGOLD inokurudzira masangano emari emuno kuti ape chikwereti kuvacheri kuti avabatsire kutora mercury - free processing technologies.

Bhodhoro repurasitiki rine mercury pamugodhi mudiki wegoridhe uye kugadzira nzvimbo muParacale, kuPhilippine.

Kune imwe nzvimbo kuPhilippine uko planetGOLD iripo, a $500.000 mecury - free processing plant yakamirira kupihwa chitupa kuti itange kushanda mukutanga kwa2025. apo hutori huchaendeswa kune vanochera migodhi uye planetGOLD ichadzokera shure. Yakavakwa pamusoro pechikomo chiri pamusoro peguta kutora mukana wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi mukuparadzanisa uye kugaya simbi, ichabatsira nhengo dzesangano remugodhi wemuno, iro rinoenda neizwi rekuti SMBC.

In goridhe cyanidation, inogara ichishandiswa mumigodhi mikuru, vashandi vemigodhi vanogadzira slurry ye ore yakapwanyika nemvura uye kuwedzera sodium cyanide, iyo inonyungudutsa goridhe. Activated kabhoni inowedzerwa, ichiita sechiponji kunyudza iyo goridhe - cyanide yakaoma. Iyo goridhe - yakaremerwa kabhoni particles, iyo yakakura kudarika zvidimbu zveore, inobva yapatsanurwa uchishandisa waya mesh. Ndarama inodzoserwa pamwe nekuwedzera cyanide kana kuburikidza nekunyungudutsa.

Kusiyana nemercury, iyo inorambira munzvimbo, iyo cyanide inogona kubviswa muto kuburikidza neoxidation. hydrogen peroxide or sodium metabisulfite.

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