Unoziva here kushandiswa kwese sodium cyanide?

Sodium cyanide, ine kemikari formula NaCN, musanganiswa unowanzo unza pfungwa yekuchenjerera nekuda kwehupfu hwayo. Nekudaro, inoitawo basa rakakosha mune akasiyana maindasitiri nemakemikari maitiro. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa mukupamhama-kusiyana kushandiswa kwe sodium cyanide, kuratidza kukosha kwayo munzvimbo dzakasiyana uku ichisimbisawo kudiwa kwemaitiro akasimba ekuchengetedza.

1. Indasitiri yeMigodhi - Kutorwa kweMasimbi Anokosha

Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa maapplication e Sodium Cyanide iri mune indasitiri yezvicherwa, kunyanya yokuchera goridhe nesirivha. Ndarama, iri simbi isingaite, ine hukama hwakasimba hweiyo cyanide ions. Pamberi peokisijeni nemvura, sodium cyanide inopindirana negoridhe mune ore. Iyi nzira, inozivikanwa se cyanidation, inobvumira goridhe kunyungudutswa mumushonga wecyanide, ichiparadzanisa kubva kune dzimwe tsvina dziri mumatombo. Iyo inoguma yegoridhe - cyanide complex inogona kuzoenderera mberi nekugadziriswa kuti iwanezve goridhe rakachena. Sirivha inogonawo kutorwa nenzira yakafanana. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushanda kwayo uye mari shoma kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzekuchera. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kubata sodium cyanide nekutarisira kwakanyanya mumabasa emigodhi kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kukuvadza kuvashandi.

2. Chemical Synthesis - Building Block for Various Compounds

Sodium cyanide inoshanda sechinhu chakakosha chekuvaka mukati makemikari synthesis. Inoshandiswa kugadzira akasiyana siyana akakosha emakemikari komisheni:

2.1. Kugadzirwa kweNitriles

Nitriles ikirasi yemakomboni ane organic ane rimwe boka rinoshanda. Sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa kugadzira nitriles kuburikidza nekuita maitiro apo iyo cyanide ion inotsiva halogen atomu mualkyl halide. Nitriles inokosha pakati pakugadzirwa kwe Pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, uye polima.

2.2. Synthesis yeCyanuric Chloride

Cyanuric chloride inogadzirwa uchishandisa sodium cyanide. Mushonga wakakosha mukugadzirwa kwedhayi, mishonga yezvipembenene, uye mishonga yekuchenesa mvura. Iyo synthesis inosanganisira nhevedzano yemaitiro ekutanga kubva ku sodium cyanide, uye yakasarudzika chimiro inoita kuti ive yakakosha mukusiyana kwemakemikari kuita.

2.3. Kugadzirira kweMamwe Cyanide - Yakavakirwa Misanganiswa

Sodium cyanide inoshandiswawo kugadzira mamwe ma<em>cyanide-based compounds akaita se potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide, uye akasiyana simbi cyanides. Aya makomisheni anowana maapplication mu electroplating, simbi kupedzisa, uye sezvinokonzeresa mune mamwe maitiro emakemikari.

3. Electroplating Industry

Mu electroplating indasitiri, sodium cyanide inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwe electroplating baths. Cyanide - yakavakirwa electroplating yekugezera inonyanya kubatsira pakuputira simbi semhangura, sirivha, uye goridhe. Iyo cyanide ions mubhati inobatsira mukusunga nesimbi ions, iyo inopa zvikomborero zvakawanda. Inobvumira kuiswa kwakafanana kwesimbi pane substrate, zvichiita kuti pave nesimbi yakatsetseka uye inonamatira. Pamusoro pezvo, inoderedza polarization paanode, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti anode yesimbi inonyungudika zvakaenzana panguva yekugadzira electroplating uye kuchengetedza kugara kuungana kwesimbi mubhavhu. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehupfu hwecyanide, kuedza kuri kuitwa kugadzira mamwe maitiro asiri e-cyanide electroplating. Asi parizvino, cyanide - yakavakirwa electroplating ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mune mamwe maapplication uko yakakwirira-mhando yeplating inodiwa.

4. Organic Synthesis mu Pharmaceuticals uye Agrochemicals

4.1. Mishonga

Sodium cyanide inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga yakawanda yemishonga. Semuenzaniso, inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemamwe amino acids, ayo ari matombo ekuvaka emapuroteni. Mukusanganiswa kwemimwe mishonga, boka recyanide rinogona kuunzwa muchimiro chemolecular uchishandisa sodium cyanide sechinhu chekutanga. Iri boka recyanide rinozogona kugadziridzwa kuburikidza neakasiyana kemikari kuita kuti riwane inodiwa yemishonga yemishonga.

4.2. Agrochemicals

Muindasitiri yeagrochemical, sodium cyanide inoshandiswa mukugadzira mishonga yezvipembenene nemishonga yesora. Mimwe mishonga yezvipembenene inogadzirwa pachishandiswa cyanide - ine mipakati. Aya agrochemicals anobatsira mukudzivirira zvirimwa kubva kune zvipembenene nemasora, nekudaro zvichiwedzera goho rekurima. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mukugadzira agrochemical inodawo kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba uye mirau yezvakatipoteredza kudzivirira chero kukanganisa kwakashata pane ecosystem.

5. Zvimwe Zvikumbiro

5.1. Metal Cleaning uye Surface Treatment

Sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa mukuchenesa simbi uye maitiro ekurapa pamusoro. Inogona kubatsira mukubvisa ngura, chikero, uye kumwe kusvibiswa kubva panzvimbo dzesimbi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, inoshandiswa pamwe chete nemamwe makemikari musimbi - kupedzisa mashandiro ekugadzirira simbi yepasi kuti iwedzere kugadziridzwa senge pendi kana kukoira.

5.2. Rodenticide (Kushandiswa Kusiri pamutemo uye Kunorambidzwa)

Nhoroondo, sodium cyanide yakashandiswa se rodenticide nekuda kwehupfu hwayo. Nekudaro, nekuda kwengozi yakanyanyisa iyo inokonzeresa kune zvisina kunangwa zvipenyu, kusanganisira vanhu, kushandiswa kwayo serodenticide kunorambidzwa zvakanyanya kana kurambidzwa mumatunhu mazhinji. Kupinzwa netsaona kana kusangana nesodium cyanide - based rodenticides inogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakaoma, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo isingagamuchirwe yekudzora tumbuyu mumamiriro mazhinji.

Kufunga Zvekuchengetedza

Pasinei nekushandisa kwayo kwakawanda, sodium cyanide chinhu chine muchetura zvakanyanya. Inogona kuuraya kana ikafemerwa, ikamwiwa, kana kubatwa nemuganda. Kana sodium cyanide ikasangana nemaasidhi, inoburitsa muchetura wehydrogen cyanide gasi, iro rine njodzi huru. Mumaindasitiri magadzirirwo, akasimba ekuchengetedza mapuroteni ari munzvimbo yekubata sodium cyanide. Vashandi vanofanirwa kupfeka midziyo yekuzvidzivirira nayo yakafanira, kusanganisira magirovhosi, masiki, uye zvipfeko zvekudzivirira. Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera sodium cyanide dzakagadzirirwa kudzivirira chero kuvuza kana kuratidzwa kune unyoro uye acid. Kana pakateuka kana tsaona, nzira dzakakwana dzekubvisa tsvina uchishandisa zvinhu zvakaita sehydrogen peroxide, izvo zvinogona kuita oxidize sodium cyanide kune zvigadzirwa zvishoma zvine muchetura, zvinobva zvaitwa.

Mukupedzisa, sodium cyanide, zvisinei nechepfu yayo, inoita basa rakakosha mumaindasitiri akati wandei. Mashandisirwo ayo anotangira kubva pakucherwa kwesimbi yakakosha mumigodhi kusvika pakuva chinhu chakakosha mumakemikari synthesis yemishonga uye agrochemicals. Nekudaro, kubata kwakachengeteka uye kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide kwakakosha zvakanyanya kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda.