Chii chinonzi solubility ye sodium cyanide?

Tsanangudzo yeSolubility

Kunyungudika (Solubility) zvinoreva kuwanda kwehuwandu hwemunyunguduka hunogona kunyungudika muhuwandu hwakapihwa hwekunyungudutsa patembiricha yakatarwa uye kudzvanywa kuti iumbe mhinduro ine homogeneous. Inowanzo kuratidzwa mumagiramu e solute pa 100 milliliters (g/100 mL) yezvinonyungudutsa kana mumamoles parita (mol/L).

Solubility yesodium cyanide mumvura

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura. Pane tembiricha yekamuri (yakatenderedza 25 ° C), ingangoita 48 magiramu e Sodium cyanide inogona kunyungudika mu100 milliliters emvura. Sezvo tembiricha inowedzera, yayo Solubility mumvura inokwirawo. Semuenzaniso, pa 34.7 ° C, iyo solubility ye Sodium Cyanide mumvura inenge 82 g/100 mL.

Iyo yakakwirira solubility ye sodium cyanide mumvura inogona kuverengerwa kune akati wandei. Sodium cyanide ionic compound, inosanganisira sodium cations (Na⁺) uye cyanide anions (CN⁻). Mvura imorekuru remu polar, ine partial positive charge pamaatomu ehaidrojeni uye chidimbu chisina kunaka paatomu reokisijeni. Kana sodium cyanide yawedzerwa kumvura, mamolekemu emvura epolar anopindirana neioni mu sodium cyanide. Migumo yakanaka yemamorekuru emvura inokwezvwa kune cyanide anions, uye migumo yakaipa inokwezvwa kune sodium cations. Iyi ion yakasimba - dipole kudyidzana pakati peion ye sodium cyanide uye mamorekuru emvura inobvumira sodium cyanide kunyungudika zviri nyore mumvura.

Uyezve, kupera kwe sodium cyanide mumvura ndeye exothermic process. Zvinoenderana neiyo Le Chatelier's musimboti, kune exothermic dissolution process, kuwedzera tembiricha kunoshandura kuenzana kweiyo dissolution reaction yakananga kune iyo yakasimba (isina kunyungudika) solute. Zvisinei, munyaya ye sodium cyanide, kuwedzera kwekushisa kunoramba kuchikonzera kuwedzera kwekunyungudika. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuwedzera kwekushisa kunowedzerawo simba rekinetic remamorekuru emvura uye ions, izvo zvinosimudzira kuparadzaniswa kwesodium cyanide kuita ion uye kupararira kwavo mumvura, zvichipfuura mhedzisiro ye exothermic chimiro chekunyungudika kwekuita pakunyungudika kune imwe nhanho.

Solubility mune Zvimwe Zvinonyungudutsa

Pamusoro pemvura, sodium cyanide ine akasiyana solubility maitiro mune mamwe masolvents:

• Ethanol: Sodium cyanide inonyungudika zvishoma mu ethanol. Solubility mu ethanol yakadzikira zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa neiri mumvura. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ethanol ishoma polar solvent pane mvura. Iyo isiri-polar chikamu che ethanol molecule (iyo ethyl boka) inoderedza iyo yakazara polarity ye solvent. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo ion - dipole kudyidzana pakati pe sodium cyanide ions uye ethanol mamorekuru haana kusimba seaya ane mamorekuru emvura, zvichiita kuti kunyungudika kwakaderera.

• Zvimwe organic solvents: Sodium cyanide ine yakanyanya kunyungudika mu-non-polar organic solvents yakadai sebenzene, ether, etc. Non-polar solvents inoshaya kukwanisa kupindirana zvakanaka nemhando ye ionic mu sodium cyanide. Sezvo asiri-polar mamorekuru asina kukosha kwekuchajisa kupatsanurwa, haakwanise kukwezva iyo sodium uye cyanide ions kuti aparadze ma ionic bond mu sodium cyanide uye kuparadzira iyooni mu solvent.

Kukosha kweSolubility

Industrial applications

Mu Kuchera goridhe indasitiri, iyo yakanyanya kunyungudika ye sodium cyanide mumvura kwakakosha. Goridhe inoumba inonyungudika yakaoma ine sodium cyanide mune ine aqueous solution. Iyi goridhe yakanyunguduka - cyanide yakaoma inogona zvakare kugadziriswa kuti ibudise goridhe rakachena. Kunyungudika kwesodium cyanide mumvura kunobvumira kukwenenzverwa kwegoridhe kubva mumatombo ayo.

Kuita kwemakemikari

Mumakemikari synthesis, kunyungudika kwesodium cyanide mune zvinonyungudutsa zvakakodzera kunokanganisa maitiro ekuita uye goho. Semuenzaniso, mune imwe nucleophilic substitution reactions apo sodium cyanide inoshandiswa se nucleophile, kunyungudika kwayo mumhepo inogadzirisa (kazhinji polar solvent semvura kana doro-musanganiswa wemvura) inotarisa kuti ion cyanide inogona kukurumidza sei kuita ne substrate. Kana iyo solubility yakanyanya kuderera, kusangana kweiyo reactive cyanide ion mumhinduro kunenge kwakadzikira, izvo zvinogona kunonoka kuita kana kudzivirira kuita kuti zvisaitike zvakanaka.

Kuchengeteka uye kufunga kwezvakatipoteredza

Kunzwisisa kunyungudika kwe sodium cyanide kwakakoshawo pakuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Nekuda kwehupfu hwayo, kana sodium cyanide ikadururwa netsaona, kunyungudika kwayo mumvura kunoreva kuti inogona kukurumidza kunyungudika nekusvibisa zvitubu zvemvura. Iyo soluble sodium cyanide inogona kubva yaburitsa muchetura hydrogen cyanide gasi pamberi peasidhi kana pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Kuziva kwekunyungudika kwayo kunobatsira mukugadzira nzira dzakakodzera dzekuchengetera uye dzekugadzirisa kana pakaparara.

Mukupedzisa, sodium cyanide ine yakakwira solubility mumvura, iyo inosiyana netembiricha, uye yakaderera kunyungudika mune zvimwe zvinonyungudutsa senge ethanol uye yakaderera solubility mune isiri-polar solvents. Iyi solubility pfuma inoita basa rakakosha mune yayo Industrial applications, maitiro emakemikari, uye kuchengeteka - zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.