Isticmaalka Sodium Cyanide ee Dahabka Soo Saaridda Waa La Sharaxay

Inta lagu guda jiro soo saarista dahabka ee isku-dhafka cyanide, Sodium cyanide waxaa loo isticmaalaa dhowr siyaabood. Sodium cyanide waa wakiilka ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo soo saarista dahabka, aragti ahaanna, 0.5 garaam oo Sodium Cyanide ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo helo 1 garaam oo dahab ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan dhirta cyanide-ka dahabka ah, isticmaalka dhabta ah ee cyanide aad ayuu uga sarreeyaa, badanaa wuxuu ka sarreeyaa xisaabinta aragtiyeed 50 ilaa 100 jeer.

Arrimaha ugu muhiimsan ee gacan ka geysta isticmaalka badan ee cyanide-ka ee habka dahabka cyanidation-ka waxaa ka mid ah:

1. Isticmaalka Cyanide ee Habka Kala Diridda Dahabka

Warshadaha Cyanide waxay isticmaalayeen sodium cyanide si ay dahabka uga milmaan macdanta si ay dahabka uga soo saaraan wasakhda. Falgallada kiimikada ee ku lug leh waa sidan soo socota:

• [2Au+4NaCN+O2+2H2O→2Na[Au(CN)2]+2NaOH+H2O2]

• [ 2Au+4NaCN+H2O2→2Na[Au(CN)2]+2NaOH]

Laga soo bilaabo falcelinta elektiroonigga ah, waxaa la og yahay in kala dirida 1 garaam oo dahab ah ay u baahan tahay isticmaalka 0.92 garaam oo sodium cyanide ah.

2. Isticmaalka Cyanide ee falcelinta Biraha Saldhigga ee Associated

(1) Macdanta dahabka qaarkood waxay ka kooban yihiin macdano la xiriira sida pyrite, magnetite, chalcopyrite, macdanta sulfate, hydroxides, iyo oksaydhyada. Inta lagu jiro marxaladda burburinta, budada birta ayaa la soo saaraa, taas oo si tartiib tartiib ah ula falgasha sodium cyanide, taasoo kordhinaysa isticmaalka cyanide . Falcelinta waa sida soo socota:

• [FeS2+NaCN→FeS+NaCNS]

• [ Fe(OH)2+2NaCN→Fe(CN)2+2NaOH]

• [ Fe+6NaCN+2H2O→Na4Fe(CN)6+2NaOH+H2↑]

• [ S+NaCN→NaCNS]

(2) Haddii macdanta dahabka ah ay ka kooban tahay noocyo kala duwan oo macdanta naxaasta ah, waxay sidoo kale la falcelin doonaan sodium cyanide si ay u sameeyaan dhismooyinka cyanide copper, oo cunaya cyanide habka. Falcelintu waa sida soo socota:

• [ 2CuSO4+4NaCN→Cu2(CN)2+2Na2SO4+(CN)2↑]

• [ 2Cu2S+4NaCN+2H2O+O2→Cu2(CN)2+Cu2(CNS)2+4NaOH]

Sababtoo ah falcelinta xooggan ee sodium cyanide oo leh macdan badan oo naxaas ah, guud ahaan, 2.3 ilaa 3.4 garaam oo cyanide ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si ay u milaan 1 garaam oo naxaas ah.

(3) Haddii dahabka asalka ah uu ka kooban yahay sphalerite ama smithsonite, waxay sidoo kale ka falcelin doonaan sodium cyanide si ay u sameeyaan zinc cyanide iyo carbonates. Falcelintu waa sida soo socota:

• [ZnS+4NaCN→Na2[Zn(CN)4]+Na2S]

• [ ZnCO3+4NaCN→Na2Zn(CN)4+Na2CO3]

(4) Haddii macdanta dahabku ay ka kooban tahay arsenopyrite, meerkuri, selenium, tellurium, iwm, waxay sidoo kale ka falcelin doonaan sodium cyanide. Marka jidhka macdanta ahi ka kooban yahay dhagaxyada carbonaceous, gaar ahaan kuwa hodanka ku ah kaarboonka organic, adsorption of cyanide ayaa noqonaysa mid xoogan, taas oo ka dhigaysa dheecaanka cyanide ee dahabka mid aad u adag.

3. Hydrolysis of Cyanides

Xalka, cyanides-ku waxay maraan heerar kala duwan oo hydrolysis ah iyadoo ku xiran pH-ga, iyadoo xaddiga hydrogen cyanide-ka la soo saaro uu la xiriiro alkalinity-ga xalka. Falcelinta waxaa lagu matali karaa sidan soo socota:

• [NaCN + H2O → NaOH + HCN↑]

• [CN⁻ + 2H2O → HCOO⁻ + NH3]

Hydrolysis ka dib, qayb ka mid ah cyanide waxay soo saartaa hydrogen cyanide, halka qayb kale ay tahay oxidatively hydrolyzed, si tartiib tartiib ah u soo saara formic acid iyo ammonia. Marka la joogo 100°C, CN⁻ waxay luminaysaa 50%, iyo 130°C, waxay luminaysaa 85%.

Habka cyanidation ee macdanta dahabka, hydrogen cyanide waa gaas aad u sun ah. Haddii aan si sax ah loo maamulin, waxay u horseedi kartaa korodhka isticmaalka NaCN, kor u qaadista kharashka wax soo saarka, iyo keenista wasakhowga deegaanka, iyo sidoo kale khataro caafimaad oo ku wajahan hawl-wadeenada. Qadarka HCN ee la soo saaray waxay ku kala duwan tahay pH ee xalka: pH 10.5. kaliya 6.1% hydrogen cyanide ayaa la soo saaraa; pH 10. waxay kordhisaa ilaa 17%; pH 9.5. waxay gaadhay 39.2%; iyo pH 9.0. wuxuu ahaa 67.1 %. Sidaa darteed, dhirta dahabka ah ee CIP (Kaarboon-in-Pulp), pH-ga waxaa sida caadiga ah lagu hagaajiyaa inta u dhaxaysa 11 iyo 12 si loo xakameeyo hydrolysis of cyanides.

4. oksaydhka cyanide (CN-) oksijiinta kala diri (O2)

Si kor loogu qaado heerka kala dirida dahabka, labadaba CN- iyo O2 waa inay ku lug yeeshaan falcelinta. Heerkulka qolka iyo cadaadiska, milanka ugu badan ee ogsijiinta waa 8.2 mg/L. Ku-darka wakiilka oksijiinta xooggan wuxuu kordhin karaa xoojinta oksijiinta ee xalka, si weyn u dardargelinaysa habka dheecaanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saamiga oksijiinta iyo cyanide waa in la isku dheelitiraa; Haddii kale, heerka dheecaanku wuu yaraan karaa. Ogsajiinta kala diri waxay la falgashaa cyanide si ay u sameyso cyanate, taas oo ku xasilan xalalka alkaline. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, pH ka hooseeya 7. waxa ay soo saartaa ammonia iyo bicarbonate. Isla'egyada falcelintu waa sida soo socota:

• [1/2 O2 + CN– → (CNO)–]

• [(CNO)– + 2 H2O → HCO3– + NH3]

Sidaa darteed, falcelintani waxay u horseedi kartaa isticmaalka cyanide inta lagu jiro hababka dheecaanka ama korantada.

5. Isku-dubbaridka Cyanide ee dhoobada

Inta lagu jiro habka cyanidation-ka, sulfide birta ee macdanta ayaa soo saara birta hydroxide, halka silicates-yada ku jira macdanta ay sameeyaan silica kolloidal ee dhexdhexaad ah alkaline. Labadan walxoodba waxay leeyihiin awood gaar ah oo ay ku dhejin karaan cyanide, taasoo horseedaysa luminta cyanide oo ay weheliso hadhaaga leaching.

6. Isticmaalka cyanide ee walxaha kale

(1) Marka slurry la walaaqo oo hawo laga buuxiyo, CO2 waxay ku jiri doontaa xalka. CO2 waxay sidoo kale ka falcelin doontaa cyanide.

• [2NaCN+CO2+H2O→Na2CO3+2HCN↑]

(2) Macdanta Sulfide sida pyrite ee asalka asalka ah waxay ka falceliyaan oksijiinta (O2) ee ku jirta saxarka macdanta, iyo sulfites iyo sulfates ee ka soo baxa waxay sidoo kale ka falcelinayaan cyanide.

• [FeS+2O2→FeSO4]

• [FeSO4+6NaCN→Na4Fe(CN)6+Na2SO4]

Qadar yar oo CaO ama Ca(OH) 2 ah ayaa lagu dari karaa ka hor inta aan la saarin si loo baabi'iyo aashitada loogana hortago in falcelinta sare ay dhacdo.

gabagabadii

Kuwa kore waa dhinacyada 6 ee isticmaalka cyanide ee geeddi-socodka cyanidation ee dahabka. Marka lagu daro cyanide loo baahan yahay kala dirida caadiga ah ee dahabka, waxaa jira cuntooyin badan oo aan muhiim ahayn, sida anaga falcelinta macdanaha kale ee la xidhiidha, is-hydrolysis, iwm. 

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