20 ka Reeage ee ugu Muhiimsan ee Macdanta

Ka-hortagga macdanta waxa ka mid ah saddex hab: dhaqid, burburin, iyo ka faa'iidaysi Inta lagu guda jiro habka uruurinta biraha qiimaha leh ee ka soo jeeda heerka hoose, macdanta polymetallic-ga ah ee loogu talagalay xoojinta-fasalka sare, noocyada kala duwan ee wax-soo-ururinta, frothers, horjoogayaasha, iyo flocculants waa in lagu daraa. Inta badan kuwan waa walxo sun ah oo waxyeello leh, sida cyanides, arsenides, chromates, xanthates kala duwan oo alkyl, phenols la beddelay, anilines, pyridines, hydrocarbons, alkenes, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, esters, iyo wixii la mid ah. Maaddooyinkani waxay deegaanka ku soo geli karaan iyagoo soo daaya biyaha wasakhda ah ee macdanta lagu farsameeyo ama balliyada dabada leh, taasoo u horseedda wasakhda labaad oo ay waxyeello weyn u geystaan ​​deegaanka deegaanka. Dib-u-hagaajinta macdanta inta badan waxay tixraacaan aruuriyayaal, frothers, inhibitors, flocculants, modifiers, iyo sidoo kale wakiilada soo saarida, hagaajinta matrixka soo saarista, iyo dareerayaasha loo isticmaalo hydrometallurgy, oo ku lug leh boqolaal ka mid ah xeryahooda isku-dhafka ah ee organic ama organic.

Waa maxay Reagenayaasha ugu Muhiimsan ee Macdanta?

Ka mid ah 68-ka wasakh ee ku jira liiska madow ee xakamaynta mudnaanta ee Shiinaha, 24 reagents farsamaynta macdanta ayaa lagu daray (ay ku jiraan arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, FARSAMADA, nikkel, thallium, copper, lead, iyo xeryahooda). Kiimikooyinka waxyeelada u leh deegaanka waxaa ka mid ah Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide, phosphine, fluorides, arsenides, chromates, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, carbon disulfide, sulfites, xanthates kala duwan alkyl, xeryahooda organophosphorus, Alcohols dufan, anilines, pyridines, hydrocarbons, alkenes, ethers, ketones, esters, walxaha kale, aldehyd. Waxaan u dooranay 20 ka mid ah reage-yaasha ugu muhiimsan tixraacaada. Bal aan eegno!

Sodium Ethyl Xanthate

• Formula kelli: C2H5OCSSNa

• guryaha: Budo huruud ah (ama granule) oo leh ur xajiimo leh, oo ku milma biyaha, aalkolada, iwm., oo awood u leh samaynta xayndaabyo aan milmi karin oo leh ion bir ah sida cobalt, copper, iyo nikkel.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Sodium ethyl xanthate waa ururiye leh xulasho wanaagsan oo ka mid ah alaabada taxanaha xanthate. Waxaa si ballaaran loogu isticmaali karaa sabbeynta doorbidka leh ee si fudud loo sabaabi karo ama macdano sulfide ah oo adag oo ah biraha aan birta ahayn. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa iyada oo lala kaashanayo wakiilada sulfide ee sabbeynta naxaasta iyo macdanta rasaasta rasaasta. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa sidii wakiilka roobka ee hydrometallurgy (tusaale, sifaynta zinc electrolyte) iyo dardar-geliyaha vulkanization ee caag ahaan.

Sodium isopropyl Xanthate

• Formula kelli: (CH3)2CHOCSSNA

• guryaha: Budo huruud ah oo khafiif ah (ama granule) oo leh ur cuncun leh, oo biyo ku milmay.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Sodium isopropyl xanthate waxay leedahay awood ururin xoogaa ka xoog badan sabbaynta macdanta sulfide ee biraha aan birta ahayn ee sodium ethyl xanthate. Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sidii ururiye loogu talagalay macdano sulfide ah oo kala duwan oo bir ah oo aan ahayn birta waxayna sidoo kale u adeegi kartaa wakiilka roobabka ee hydrometallurgy; waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa sida dardar vulcanization ee caag ah.

Sodium Butyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Formula kelli: C4H9OCSSNa(K)

• guryaha: Budo huruud ah ama cawl-cad (ama granule) oo leh ur xajiimo leh, oo ku milma biyaha iyo aalkolada, awood u leh inay sameeyaan xeryahooda aan milmi karin oo leh aions bir kala duwan.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Sodium butyl xanthate (potassium) waa ururiye leh awood sabbeyn xoog leh waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalaa sabbeynta isku dhafan ee macdano sulfide bir ah oo kala duwan. Reagent Tani waxay si gaar ah ugu habboon tahay sabbeynta chalcopyrite, sphalerite, iyo pyrite. Xaalado gaar ah, waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa sabbeynta doorbidka leh ee macdanta naxaasta ee sulfide ee laga helo macdanta birta sulfide.

Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Formula kelli: (CH3)2CHCH2OCSSNa(K)

• guryaha: Budo huruud ah oo khafiif ah (ama granule) oo leh ur xajiin leh, si fudud biyaha ugu milmi kara, awood u leh samaynta xeryahooda aan la milmi karin oo leh ion bir ah oo kala duwan.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Sodium isobutyl xanthate (potassium) sidoo kale waa ururiyaha xooggan ee sabbeynta ee macdano sulfide bir ah oo kala duwan. Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sabbeynta naxaasta, rasaasta, iyo macdanta zinc sulfide, waxayna muujisay waxtarka inay si dabiici ah u sabeeyaan macdano kala duwan oo naxaas ah iyo pyrite.

Sodium Isopentyl Xanthate

• Formula kelli: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OCSSNa

• guryaha: Budo jaale ah oo leh ur cuncun leh, oo ku milma biyaha.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Sodium isopentyl xanthate waa ururiye xoog badan oo inta badan loo isticmaalo sabbaynta macdanta birta ah ee aan birta ahayn ee u baahan awood ururin xoog leh laakiin aan dooranayn. Tusaale ahaan, waa ururiye aad u fiican oo loogu talagalay macdanta sulfide oksaydhka ah ama naxaasta oksaydhka ah iyo macdanta rasaasta (ka dib markii la sulfide leh sodium sulfide ama sodium hydrosulfide). Reagent-kani waxa kale oo uu gaadhi karaa kala-soocid wanaagsan ee sabbaynta macdanta copper-nickel sulfide iyo pyrite ka kooban dahab.

Sodium Pentyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Formula kelli: C5H11OCSSNa(K)

• guryaha: Budo huruud ah ama cawl-cad (ama granule) oo leh ur cuncun leh, oo biyo ku milmay.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Sodium pentyl xanthate (potassium) waa ururiye xooggan oo inta badan lagu dabaqo sabbeynta macdanta birta ah ee aan birta ahayn ee u baahan awood ururin xooggan laakiin aan ahayn xulasho. Tusaale ahaan, waxay u adeegtaa sidii ururiye heer sare ah oo loogu talagalay macdanta sulfide oksaydhka ah ama naxaasta oksaydhka ah iyo macdanta rasaasta (ka dib markii lagu daro sodium sulfide ama sodium hydrosulfide). Waxa kale oo ay ku gaadhi kartaa kala-soocid wanaagsan ee sabbaynta macdanta copper-nickel sulfide iyo pyrite ka kooban dahab.

No. 25 Daawo Madow

• Qaybta ugu muhiimsan: Dimethylphenol Disulfide

• Formula kelli: (C7H7O)2PSSH

• guryaha: Dareeraha saliidda leh ee madow-madow oo leh ur cuncun leh iyo daxaluq; ololi kara, biyo yar ku milmi kara.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Nambar 25 daroogo madow waxay leedahay hanti ururin iyo xumbo labadaba. Waa ururiye wax ku ool ah oo loogu talagalay macdanta sulfide ee rasaasta, naxaasta, iyo qalinka, oo inta badan loo isticmaalo kala-soocidda sabbeynta doorbidka leh ee rasaasta iyo zinc. Reagent Tani waxay leedahay awood ururin daciif ah pyrite iyo macdanta kale ee sulfide ee wareegyada alkaline, laakiin waa ururiye xoog leh oo aan la dooran dhammaan macdanta sulfide ee dhexdhexaad ah ama warbaahinta acidic. Xaalado gaar ah, waxay sidoo kale leedahay awood ururin gaar ah oo loogu talagalay macdanta culus ee oksaydhka. Mar haddii reagement-kani uu wax yar ku milmay biyaha, waa in lagu daraa qaabkeedii asalka ahaa haanta qaboojinta ama warshadda kubbadda.

Sodium Butyl Daawooyinka Madow

• Qaybta ugu muhiimsan: Dibutyl Disulfide Sodium

• Formula kelli: (C4H9O)2PSNA

• guryaha: Xalka aqueous huruud-bunni ah oo aan lahayn ur xajiimo leh iyo sifooyin kiimikaad oo deggan.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Daroogada madow ee Sodium butyl waa ururiye wax ku ool ah oo loogu talagalay macdanta dahabka iyo macdanta sulfide ee qalinka, naxaasta, iyo zinc. Waxay leedahay awood ururin daciif ah pyrite ee wareegyada alkaline. Reagent-kani waxa uu muujinayaa sifooyinka xumbo-xumada oo aad u daciif ah.

Sodium No. 25 Daawo Madow

• Qaybta ugu muhiimsan: Dimethylphenol Disulfide Sodium

• Formula kelli: (C7H7O)2PSNA

• guryaha: Xalka aqueous brown ama madow qoto dheer, oo aan ur lahayn.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Sodium No. 25 daroogada madow waa ururiyaha waxtarka leh ee naxaasta iyo macdanta macdanta "lead". Sababtoo ah awoodda ururinta daciifka ah ee macdanta zinc sulfide, waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa kala-soocidda kala-soocidda ee naxaasta iyo macdanta sunta rasaasta ee macdanta zinc sulfide. Reagent-gan waxaa si toos ah loogu dari karaa wareegga sabbeynta.

Ammonium Butyl Daawooyinka Madow

• Qaybta ugu muhiimsan: Dibutyl Disulfide Ammonium

• Formula kelli: (C4H9O)2PSSNH4

• guryaha: Budo cad ama cawl-cad oo aan dhadhamin lahayn, hawo xun, biyo ku milmay, iyo kiimiko ahaan deggan.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Daroogada madow ee ammonium butyl waa ururiye heersare ah oo u adkaysta macdanta birta ah ee aan birta ahayn. Waxay leedahay awood gaar ah oo kala soocida macdanta sulfide ee naxaasta, rasaasta, qalinka, iyo zinc, iyo sidoo kale macdanta polymetallic adag. Waxay leedahay waxqabadka ururinta daciifka ah ee pyrite iyo magnetic pyrite ee saxarka alkaline daciifka ah laakiin awood ururin xoog leh galena. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa sabbaynta macdanta nikkel iyo antimony sulfide, gaar ahaan waxtarka leh ee ay adag tahay in la doorto nikkel sulfide macdano, macdan isku qasan sulfide-oxidized nikkel, iyo middlings ee macdanta sulfide iyo gangue. Cilmi-baaristu waxay muujinaysaa in isticmaalka ammonium butyl daroogada madow ay faa'iido u leedahay soo kabashada platinum, dahab, iyo qalin.

Ethylthioamine (SN-9#)

• Qaybta ugu muhiimsan: N,N-Diethyl Dithiocarbamate Sodium

• Formula kelli: (C2H5)2NCSSNa·3H2O

• guryaha: Caddaan ilaa cawl-cad oo aan lahayn ur xajiimo leh, si fudud ugu milmi kara biyaha. Reagent-kani wuxuu u kala baxaa kaarboon disulfide, diethylamine, iwm., iyadoo ay jirto

• kulaylka ama aashitada.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Ethylthioamine (SN-9#) ayaa ugu horrayn loo isticmaalaa ururiye ahaan macdano bir ah oo kala duwan. Waxay muujinaysaa awood ururin xoog leh oo loogu talagalay naxaasta, rasaasta, zinc, iyo macdanta nikkel sulfide. Reagent Tani waxay si gaar ah wax ku ool u tahay sabbeynta macdanta adag waxaana si ballaaran loo qaatay warshadaha warshadaynta macdanta. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay gacan ka geysan kartaa hagaajinta heerarka soo kabashada biraha ee hababka sabbeynta.

Saxeex Walaalaha

Frothers waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan farsamaynta macdanta iyagoo fududeynaya samaynta maraq deggan oo u oggolaanaya kala saarista xulashada macdanta qiimaha leh. Sabbaynta caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:

• Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (MIBC)

• guryaha: Dareere aan midab lahayn, oo guban kara oo leh ur sifo, aan biyo ku milmin.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: MIBC waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa sida faleebo ee sabbeynta macdanta kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan naxaas, dahab, iyo nikkel. Waxay xoojisaa xasilloonida maraq, hagaajinta heerarka soo kabashada ee macdanta la rabo.

• Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether

• guryaha: dareere aan midab lahayn oo leh ur khafiif ah, oo ku milma biyaha iyo dareerayaasha organic.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Foornadani waxay wax ku ool u tahay kor u qaadida sifooyinka xumeynta ee hababka sabbeynta, gaar ahaan macdanta sulfide. Waxay ka caawisaa abuurista maraq deggan oo u oggolaanaya in si fiican loo kala saaro macdanta qiimaha leh.

• Polyglycol Eter

• guryaha: Dareere viscous ah oo ku milma biyaha oo leh suntan hoose.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Ether Polyglycol waxay u adeegtaa sida barafaysan waxayna kor u qaadi kartaa waxtarka sabbaynta macdanaha kala duwan, gaar ahaan sabbeynta qaybaha ganaax iyo ultrafine.

Ka hortagayaasha

Inhibitors waa walax kiimikaad oo si xushmad leh u joojiya sabbeynta macdanta gaarka ah. Waxay muhiim u yihiin xakameynta xulashada iyo hufnaanta hababka sabbeynta. Kahortagayaasha caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:

• Sodium cyanide

• guryaha: A adag crystalline cad, aad u milmay biyaha, oo aad u sun ah.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: sodium cyanide waxaa ugu horrayn loo isticmaalaa in lagu niyad jabiyo macdanta aan loo baahnayn inta lagu jiro sabbeynta, taas oo u oggolaanaysa soo kabashada xulashada ee biraha qiimaha leh, gaar ahaan dahabka iyo lacagta. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa farsamaynta dahabka, gaar ahaan habka cyanidation-ka.

• Sulfide Sodium

• guryaha: Cadaan ilaa huruud ah, biyo ku milmay, oo leh ur xun.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Sodium sulfide waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu dhaqaajiyo ions birta qaarkood iyo niyad jabinta kuwa kale habka sabbeynta. Waxay si gaar ah waxtar ugu leedahay sabbeynta macdanta oksaydhka ah, sida kuwa ay ku jiraan naxaasta iyo rasaasta.

• Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)

• guryaha: Budo cad oo ku milmay biyaha, aan sun ahayn, iyo biodegradable.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: CMC waa xakameyn wax ku ool ah oo polymeric ah oo loo isticmaalo sabbeynta macdanta kala duwan. Waxay ka caawisaa in la xakameeyo xulashada habka sabbeynta iyadoo la xakameynayo sabbeynta macdanta gangue qaarkood.

Qulqulaya

Flocculans waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu wanaajiyo dejinta iyo ka-baxa macdanta iyo dabada. Flocculans caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:

• polyacrylamides

• guryaha: Budo cad ilaa huruud ah oo aad ugu milmay biyaha, aan sun ahayn.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Polyacrylamide waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa sida flocculant ee farsamaynta macdanta si loo hagaajiyo heerarka dejinta ee slurries iyo kor u qaadida biyaha dabada.

• Aluminium Sulfate

• guryaha: A adag crystalline cad oo ku milmay biyaha.

• Isticmaalka ugu weyn: Aluminium sulfate waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sidii xinjirowga iyo flocculant ee farsamaynta macdanta si ay u caawiyaan caddaynta iyo dhumucyada slurries.