Mercury (Hg) Tlhahiso, Mehloli & Tlhaloso ea indasteri | United Chemical

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Mercury (Hg) ke tšepe e boima ea bohlokoa historing empa e le kotsi haholo. Thepa ea eona e ikhethang - mokelikeli mochesong oa kamore, ho tsamaisa motlakase o phahameng le bokhoni ba ho kopanya - e lebisitse tšebelisong e pharaletseng ea indasteri nakong e fetileng. Ho eketseha ha temoho ea likotsi tsa tikoloho le bophelo bo botle tse amanang le mercury ho lebisitse liketsong tsa machaba tse kang Tumellano ea Minamata ho thibela kapa ho felisa tšebeliso e mengata ea MERCURY le ho khothaletsa taolo ea ho sebelisa hape le tšilafalo.

Sengoloa sena sa litaba sa khamphani ka United Chemical e fana ka kakaretso e hlakileng, ea setsebi ea Mercury mehloli le litsela tsa ho hlaphoheloa, litšoaneleho tsa boleng ba sehlahisoa le papiso ho latela mohloli, ketane ea boleng ba indasteri, maemo a taolo le khoebo, le likhothaletso tse sebetsang tsa tumellano le taolo ea likotsi.

Tlhokomeliso ea polokeho : Mercury le metsoako ea eona li na le chefo ea methapo ea kutlo 'me li tšoarella tikolohong. Tšebeliso efe kapa efe, ho hlaphoheloa, ho tsamaisoa kapa tšebeliso e tlameha ho latela melao ea naha, litumellano tsa machaba le melaoana ea thepa e kotsi.

1. Mercury ke eng? (E khuts'oane)

Elemental mercury (Hg) ke tšepe ea metsi e teteaneng maemong a tikoloho 'me e ka fetoha mouoane le ho hasana tikolohong. Mercury e hlaha ka mefuta e mengata:

• Mercury ea motheo (Hg⁰) — tšepe, e feto-fetohang;

• Matswai a mercury a sa pheleng — mohlala, chloride ya mercuric (HgCl₂);

• Mercury ea tlhaho - joalo ka methylmercury, e bokellanang ka bongata ka har'a liketane tsa lijo 'me e beha likotsi tse tebileng tsa bophelo bo botle.

Mercury e tsoang moeeng le metsing e ka fetoloa 'me ea bokelloa, e baka liphello tsa nako e telele tsa tikoloho le bophelo ba batho.

2. Mehloli ea mantlha le mekhahlelo ea ho hlaphoheloa (kakaretso ea boemo bo holimo)

Phepelo ea mercury lefatšeng ka bophara e fumanoa haholo-holo merafong ea mantlha (cinnabar/HgS) le melapong e sebelisitsoeng hape (lihlahisoa tse ling tsa indasteri le litšila tse bokelletsoeng) . Mekhahlelo ea bohlokoa ea mehloli ke:

1. Meepo ea mantlha le ho qhibilihisa (cinnabar)

• Kakaretso : Merafo ea khale ea cinnabar (HgS) le ho qhibilihisa e hlahisa mercury ea motheo ka ho futhumatsa le ho kolobisa. Mehaho ea sejoale-joale e lumellanang le melao e ka hlahisa mercury e hloekileng haholo ka mor'a phekolo e lekaneng.

• Matšoenyeho : Ho qhibilihisa meaho e menyenyane ho sa laoleheng ho fella ka tšilafalo e mpe le likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle; linaha tse ngata li fokotsa kapa li thibela mesebetsi e joalo.

2. Ho tsosolosoa ha lihlahisoa tsa indasteri le ho laola ho sebelisoa hape

• Kakaretso : Mercury e ntse e fumanoa ka bongata ho tsoa melapong ea litšila tse bokelletsoeng—mabone a fluorescent, li-switch le li-relay, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le litšila tsa laboratori—ebe li hloekisoa libakeng tse laoloang.

• Molemo : Ho sebelisa hape lintho ho fokotsa moroalo oa tikoloho le ho ntlafatsa ho sala morao le ho latela melao.

3. Meepo ea khauta le meepo e menyenyane (ASGM)

• Kakaretso : Libakeng tse itseng ASGM e sebelisa mercury ho etsa li-amalgam bakeng sa ho fumana khauta.

• Leano : Tšebeliso ea mercury ea ASGM ke sepheo sa bohlokoa sa phokotso tlas'a Tumellano ea Minamata le mananeo a naha a khothalletsang mekhoa e meng.

4. Ho qhaqhoa ha metšoasong ea histori le thepa

• Kakaretso : Ho tlosa lisebelisoa tsa khale le ho lahla lihlahisoa tsa khale le hona ho hlahisa mercury e ka khutlisoang, empa boleng le liprofaele tsa tšilafalo lia fapana haholo 'me li hloka ho sebetsoa ka hloko.

3. Papiso ea boleng ba mohloli / sehlahisoa le metrics ea bohlokoa

Lihlopha tsa ho reka le ho latela melao li lokela ho etelletsa pele metrics e latelang ho Certificate of Analysis (COA):

• Bohloeki ba Hg / karolo ea motheo (%) ;

• Masalla a mercury ea tlhaho (methylmercury) ;

• Litekanyetso tsa polokeho tse amanang le ho feto-fetoha ha mocheso le khatello ea mouoane ;

• Litšila tse sa pheleng (Kaha, metsoako ea Pb, S, likaroloana) ;

• Mongobo le litšila tsa mechine ;

• Sebopeho le sephutheloana (elemental mokelikeli Hg, letsoai, metsoako e kopantsoeng; litlhaloso tsa thepa ea setshelo).

Papiso ea boemo bo holimo ho latela mohloli :

• Merafo ea mantlha (limela tse lumellanang le melao) : Bohloeki bo phahameng bo ka finyelloa haeba mesi e ntšang metsi le phekolo ea litšila li laoloa; ho latela melao ho bohlokoa.

• Ho sebelisoa hape ho laolwang : Ka ho hloekisoa ha sejoale-joale, mercury e sebelisitsoeng hape e ka fihlela litlhoko tse hloekileng haholo 'me e khethoa ka mabaka a tikoloho.

• Mehloli ea nalane/ea ho qhaqha : Boleng bo fetohang; hangata bo hloka tlhoekiso e eketsehileng.

• Mehloli ea ASGM : E silafetse haholo 'me ha e amohelehe bakeng sa liketane tsa phepelo tse molaong.

4. Ketane ea boleng ba indasteri (ho ea holimo - bohareng - tlase ho noka)

Upstream — mehloli le lisebelisoa

• Mehloli : majwe a cinnabar, matlakala a indasteri (mabone, diswitjhi, disebediswa tsa bongaka), di-stock tsa nalane.

• Lisebelisoa le lits'ebeletso : litsamaiso tsa ho koaleha/ho hapa tse koetsoeng, li-unit tsa ho monya/ho monya, lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa, lilaboratori tsa liteko tse netefalitsoeng, liphutheloana tsa thepa e kotsi le thepa ea tsamaiso.

Midstream - tlhoekiso, liteko le khoebo

• Mesebetsi : ho qhibilihisa/ho ntlafatsa, liteko tsa laboratori (COA/MSDS), ho paka le ho ngola mabitso, ho latela melao ya ho romela thepa kantle ho naha le ho tsamaisa thepa.

• Mabaka a bohlokoa : mangolo a tumello, taolo ea mesi e kotsi, tsamaiso ea bophelo bo botle mosebetsing le ho latela melao ea lipalangoang.

Downstream - lits'ebetso le mekhoa ea ho kenya sebaka

• Ditshebediso : disebediswa tse nang le dikotsi tse phahameng, dikhemikhale tse itseng, dipatlisiso; nalane ya mabone le diswitjhi (tseo hona jwale di nketsweng sebaka haholo).

• Mokhoa : ho amoheloa ka potlako ha mahlale a se nang mercury (li-LED, li-switch tsa boemo bo tiileng, li-catalyst tse ling) le ho felisoa ho tsamaisoang ke taolo lits'ebetsong tse ngata.

5. Boemo ba taolo le khoebo (kakaretso)

• Tumellano ea Minamata : moralo oa bohlokoa oa molao oa machaba o hlokang mehato ea ho fokotsa le ho felisa ho ntšoa ha mercury qetellong, ho khothaletsa ho sebelisoa hape le ho laola li-stock.

• Mokhoa oa 'maraka : ho theoha ha tlhoko ea mercury ea mantlha ka ho itšetleha ho eketsehileng mehloling e sebelisitsoeng hape le e lumellanang le melao; khoebo e seng molaong ea mercury le ASGM e sa reroang e ntse e le lintho tsa bohlokoa tse lokelang ho nkuoa ts'ebetsong.

• Temoso ea khoebo : thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha e tlameha ho fihlela litlhoko tsa naha eo thepa e eang ho eona, melao ea lipalangoang tsa thepa e kotsi (IATA/IMDG), le ho sala morao mohloli oa eona.

6. Likotsi tsa indasteri, lintho tse tlang pele ho latela melao le likhothaletso

1. Ho latela melao : ho boloka tumellano e felletseng le Tumellano ea Minamata le melaoana ea lehae—ho latela mehloli ea mercury le libaka tseo e eang ho tsona.

2. Khothaletsa ho sebelisa hape : tsetela ho pokello e laoloang le meralo ea motheo ea ho hloekisa ho fana ka mercury e sebelisitsoeng hape e lumellanang le melao.

3. Sireletsa bophelo bo botle le tikoloho : tiisa tlhokomelo mosebetsing, thibelo ea ho lutla ha metsi, karabelo ea maemo a tšohanyetso le ho kenya letsoho sechabeng.

4. Tšehetsa ho nkela sebaka : sebetsa le bareki ho amohela mahlale a se nang mercury le ho fana ka tšehetso ea ho tlosa tšebetsong/ho fumana thepa hape.

5. Taolo ea boleng le ho sala morao : fana ka COA/MSDS bakeng sa thomello e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe 'me u netefatse hore sehlopha se sala morao.

6. Phetisetso ea kotsi : kenya tšebetsong inshorense e loketseng ea boikarabello ba tikoloho le inshorense ea lipalangoang.

Qetello - United Chemical' boitlamo

United Chemical e ikemiseditse ho ikamahanya le boikarabelo, ho dumellana le ho hlokomela tikoloho le disebediswa tse amanang le mercury. Lintho tse tlang pele bophelong ba rona li kenyelletsa:

• ho etelletsa pele ho tsosolosoa ho laolehileng le ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka ho ntšoa ha mantlha;

• ho boloka taolo e tiileng ea boleng, litokomane le ho lateloa;

• ho fa bareki litokomane tsa ho latela melao, boeletsi ba tekheniki le koetliso ea ho sebetsana ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng;

• ho sebelisana 'moho ho ntšetsa pele mekhoa e meng le ho fokotsa likotsi tsa mercury liindasteri tse tlase.