Tšebeliso le Boqapi ba Theknoloji ea Sodium Cyanide ho Nōkiloeng Ore ea Khauta

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), joalo ka setsi sa mantlha sa ho rala khauta, e atile indasteri ea meepo ea khauta lefatšeng ka bophara ka lebaka la tšobotsi ea eona ea ho qhibiliha ha khauta ka nepo. Leha ho le joalo, ka litlhoko tse ntseng li eketseha tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji, mokhoa oa setso oa cyanidation o tobane le mathata a mangata mabapi le litšenyehelo, polokeho le ts'ebetso. Sengoliloeng sena se tla sekaseka ka botebo mokhoa oa kopo oa Sodium cyanide in Khauta ea Khauta le ho hlahloba lintlafatso tsa theknoloji tse 'nileng tsa tsamaisa phetoho ea indasteri lilemong tsa morao tjena.

I. Melao-motheo ea Motheo le Boemo ba Hona Joale Kopo ea Mokhoa oa Cyanidation

1. Mokhoa oa ho Fetola Lik'hemik'hale

Sodium cyanide e qhaqha khauta ka karabelo e latelang:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ + 4NaOH

Boitšoaro bona bo etsahala sebakeng sa alkaline (pH 10-11), 'me phepelo ea oksijene e tsoelang pele e hlokahala ho boloka boemo ba khauta. Leha sekhahla sa ho khutlisa khauta sa mokhoa oa cyanidation se phahame ho feta 90%, chefo ea eona le likotsi tsa tikoloho li khothalelitse indasteri ho batla ntlafatso.

2. Litaelo tsa Ntlafatso ea Theknoloji

• Mokhoa o tlaase oa Cyanide: Ho fokotsa khatello ea cyanide ho tloha ho 0.1% ho ea ho 0.01% -0.03%, e ka fokotsang tšebeliso ea li-reagents le kotsi ea ho lutla;

• Ho Ntlafatsa Tšebeliso ea Leaching: Ho lokisa ores ka theknoloji ea ultrasonic kapa microwave, kapa ho eketsa li-catalysts (tse kang letsoai la lead) ho potlakisa karabelo;

• Sistimi ea Potoloho ea Loop e koetsoeng: Ho fihlella sekhahla sa ho sebelisa hape se fetang 95% bakeng sa tharollo ea cyanide le ho fokotsa mesi.

II. Mathata a Theknoloji a Tobaneng le Mokhoa oa Cyanidation

1. Ho rarahana ha Ores

• Refractory Ores: Ores ea sulfide e nang le arsenic le sebabole e hloka hore ho be le oxidation ea pele (e kang ho chesa kapa khatello ea oxidation), ho eketsa litšenyehelo;

• Tšitiso ea Litšila: Li-ion tsa tšepe tse kang koporo le tšepe li ja cyanide, e leng se lebisang ho keketseho ea 30% -50% ea litekanyetso tsa li-reagents.

2. Mathata a Tikoloho le Polokeho

• Kotsi ea ho Lula ha Cyanide: Ka karolelano, ho na le likotsi tse ka bang 20 tsa ho lutla ha cyanide lefatšeng ka bophara selemo se seng le se seng, tse sokelang mehloli ea metsi le tikoloho;

• Tšebeliso e matla ea matla ho Phekolo ea Pele: Tšebeliso ea matla ea mekhoa ea setso ea oxidation e ikarabella ho feta 40% ea litšenyehelo tsohle.

III. Lintlafatso tsa Theknoloji: Ho Tloha Mekhoeng ea Tloaelo ho ea ho e Tala

1. Katleho ho Theknoloji ea Leaching e se nang Cyanide

• Mokhoa oa ho Leaching oa Thiourea: Ho sebelisa motsoako oa acidic thiourea (pH 1.5-2.5) ho qhaqha khauta, ka mokhoa oa ho arabela:

Au + 2CS(NH₂)₂ + Fe³⁺ → Au[CS(NH₂)₂]₂⁺ + Fe²⁺

Melemo: Ha e na chefo, e loketse li-ores tse nang le oxidized tse tlase;

Meeli: Maemo a asiti a ka senya lisebelisoa, 'me litšenyehelo li phahame ka 15% -20% ho feta tsa mokhoa oa cyanidation.

• Mokhoa oa ho Leaching oa Bromination: Ho amohela tsamaiso ea sodium bromide / potasiamo bromate, e nang le tekanyo ea ho khutlisa khauta e fihlang ho 92%, 'me sekhahla sa leaching se lebelo ka makhetlo a 3 ho feta sa mokhoa oa cyanidation.

2. Biological Leaching le Nanotechnology

• Phekolo ea Likokoana-hloko: Ho sebelisa Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ho senya ores ea sulfide, ho lokolla khauta ho tswa ho liminerale encapsulation le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla ea pre-oxidation ka 30%;

• Adsorption ka Nanomaterials: Graphene oxide e ka monya Au(CN)₂⁻ ka boikgethelo, ka bokgoni ba ho monya ba ho fihla ho 500 mg/g, e leng se phahameng ka makgetlo a 3 ho feta sa se sebediswang. k'habone.

3. Digital le Intelligent Upgrades

• Polelo ea Khokahano ea Slurry ka AI: Ho ntlafatsa mohopolo oa slurry ka mokhoa oa ho ithuta oa mochini, ho fokotsa litšila tsa cyanide ka 10% -15%;

• Traceability ka Blockchain: Ho rekota lintlha tsohle tsa potoloho ea bophelo ea cyanide ho ntlafatsa pepeneneng ea tlhokomelo.

IV. Linyeoe tse Tloaelehileng le Mekhoa ea Indasteri

1. Newmont Corporation naheng ea Canada

• popontshwa: Ho sebelisa theknoloji ea "Leaching ea Likokoana-hloko + karohano ea membrane" ho phekola li-ores tse refractory;

• li finyeletseng: Ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea cyanide ka 60% le ho eketsa sekhahla sa ho khutlisa khauta ho 94%.

2. Sehlopha sa Mining sa Zijin Chaena

• Technology: Ka boikemelo ho nts'etsapele "cyanide e tlase le e sebetsang hantle haholo ea khauta", ho fokotsa tekanyo ea cyanide ka 40%;

• kopo: Ho e bapatsa morafong o itseng oa khauta Guizhou, ho boloka li-yuan tse fetang limilione tse 20 ka selemo.

V. Mekhoa le Litebello tsa Bokamoso

1. Puso ea Mekhoa ea Tala: Ho lebeletsoe hore ka 2030. litheknoloji tsa leaching ntle le cyanide li tla nka karolo ea 30% ea karolo ea 'maraka;

2. Meepo e Bohlale: AI le Marang-rang a Lintho (IoT) li tla etsa hore ho behoe leihlo ka nako ea sebele ea ts'ebetso eohle, ho fokotsa sekhahla sa kotsi ka 80%;

3. Mohlala oa Moruo o chitja: Ho eketsa sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ha cyanide ho tloha ho 60% ho ea ho 90%, le ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tse ling (tse kang ammonium sulfate) bakeng sa ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa.

fihlela qeto e

Kopo ea sodium cyanide ho ntšoa ha tšepe ea khauta ho ntse ho fetoha ho tloha ho "tšilafalo e phahameng" ho ea ho "theknoloji e phahameng". Le hoja mokhoa oa cyanidation o ntse o tla rena le nakong e khutšoanyane, likhatelopele tsa leaching ntle le cyanide, boenjineri ba baeloji, le theknoloji ea dijithale li bontša hore merafo ea khauta e tla kena nakong e ncha e sireletsehileng, e sebetsang hantle, le e tsitsitseng haholoanyane. Nakong e tlang, phello ea synergistic ea ntlafatso ea theknoloji le tataiso ea leano li tla fetola boemo ba indasteri, ho finyella boemo ba katleho pakeng tsa melemo ea moruo le tšireletso ea tikoloho.