Karolo ea Sodium Cyanide ho Metal Electroplating

Selelekela

Ho betla ka motlakase ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo indastering o kenyeletsang ho bea lera le lesesaane la tšepe holim'a substrate, hangata bakeng sa merero e kang tšireletso ea mafome, ho ntlafatsa ponahalo, le ho ntlafatsa litšobotsi tsa bokaholimo ba thepa. Sodium cyanide (NaCN), ho sa tsotellehe tlhaho ea eona e chefo haholo, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse ngata tsa ho betla ka motlakase. Sengoloa sena se hlahloba mesebetsi e itseng le bohlokoa ba Sodium cyanide ho electroplating ea tšepe.

Lintho tsa Lik'hemik'hale tsa Sodium Cyanide Tse Amanang le Electroplating

Sodium cyanide ke motsoako oa inorganic. E qhibiliha haholo ka metsing, e leng thepa ea bohlokoa bakeng sa tšebeliso ea eona ka libate tsa electroplating. Ka tharollo e nang le metsi, e ikarola ho li-ion tsa sodium (Na+) le li-ion tsa cyanide (CN-). Li-ion tsa cyanide li bohlokoa haholo ho electroplating kaha li na le tšekamelo e matla ea ho theha li-complexes tse nang le li-ion tsa tšepe.

Mesebetsi ea Libate tsa Electroplating

Ho rarahana le Metal Ions

E 'ngoe ea mesebetsi ea mantlha ea Sodium Cyanide ho electroplating ke ho theha metsoako ea tšepe-cyanide ka li-ion tsa tšepe tse ka har'a tharollo ea plating. Mohlala, ka bateng ea electroplating ea koporo, sodium cyanide e arabela le li-ion tsa koporo (ho tsoa letsoai la koporo joalo ka copper sulfate kapa copper cyanide). Li-ion tsa cyanide li hokahana le li-ion tsa koporo ho etsa metsoako e tsitsitseng ea koporo-cyanide, joalo ka Cu(CN)₂⁻ le Cu(CN)₃²⁻. Metswako ena e na le botsitso bo fapaneng le li-constant tsa karohano ho latela karolelano ea li-ion tsa koporo le li-ion tsa cyanide ka har'a tharollo. Ho thehoa ha metsoako ena ho bohlokoa hobane ho ama boitšoaro ba li-ion tsa tšepe nakong ea ts'ebetso ea electroplating.

Ho fokotseha ha Anode Polarization

Ka seleng ea electroplating, anode ke mohloli oa li-ion tsa tšepe bakeng sa ho behoa holim'a cathode (substrate e pentiloe). Anode polarization e ka etsahala ha bokaholimo ba anode bo koaheloa ke lera la lihlahisoa tsa karabelo kapa ha sekhahla sa ho qhibiliha ha tšepe ho tsoa ho anode se sa lekana ho boloka phepelo ea kamehla ea li-ion tsa tšepe tharollong. Sodium cyanide e thusa ho fokotsa bongata ba anode polarization. Li-ion tsa cyanide tse ka har'a tharollo li sebetsana le tšepe sebakeng sa anode, e leng ho nolofalletsang ho qhibiliha ha tšepe ea anode. Ka mohlala, ka anode ea koporo, li-ion tsa cyanide li kopana le liathomo tsa koporo ho etsa metsoako ea koporo-cyanide e qhibilihang, ebe e kena ka tharollo. Sena se tiisa phepelo e tšoanang le e tsoelang pele ea li-ion tsa tšepe tse tsoang ho anode, e lebisang ts'ebetsong e tsitsitseng le e sebetsang ea electroplating.

Ho tsitsisa Tharollo ea Electroplating

Sodium cyanide e boetse e tlatsetsa botsitsong ba tharollo ea electroplating. Li-ion tsa tšepe tse nang le tharollo li ka sebetsana le likarolo tse ling ka har'a bateng, joalo ka litšila kapa metsi, ho etsa li-precipitates kapa ho ba le maikutlo a sa batleheng. Ho thehoa ha metal-cyanide complexes ho tsitsisa li-ion tsa tšepe, ho ba thibela ho kenya letsoho liketsong tsena tse sa rateheng. Ka mohlala, li-complexes tsa koporo-cyanide tse entsoeng ka pel'a sodium cyanide li tsitsitse ho feta li-ion tsa koporo tse sa lefelloeng, li fokotsa monyetla oa ho ba le pula ea koporo ea hydroxide ka bateng ea alkaline electroplating.

Ho ntlafatsa Polarization ea Cathode

Ho cathode, moo li-ion tsa tšepe li fokotsoang 'me li behoa holim'a substrate, polarization e nepahetseng ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho finyella tšepe e boreleli le e khomarelang. Sodium cyanide e ntlafatsa cathode polarization. Mechini ea tšepe-cyanide e batla e le khōlō 'me e na le tekanyo e itseng ea tefiso ea delocalization ka lebaka la ho hokahanya le li-ion tsa cyanide. Ha li-complexes tsena li atamela cathode, mokhoa oa ho fokotsa o laoloa haholoanyane ha o bapisoa le ho fokotseha ha li-ion tsa tšepe tsa mahala. Sena se fella ka hore tšepe e behoe ka mokhoa o tšoanang holim'a cathode. Polarization e ntlafalitsoeng ea cathode e lebisa kholong e nyane ea kristale nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho bea, e bakang pente ea tšepe e boreleli le e ts'oanang e ts'oanelang hantle ho substrate.

Lisebelisoa ka Methati e sa Tšoaneng ea Metal Plating

Ho roala Koporo

Ho electroplating ea koporo, sodium cyanide e sebelisoa haholo, haholo-holo lits'ebetsong moo ho hlokahalang depositi ea koporo ea boleng bo holimo. Libate tse entsoeng ka koporo tse thehiloeng ho cyanide li fana ka matla a matla a ho lahlela, ho bolelang hore li ka kenya lesela le ts'oanang la koporo linthong tse nang le sebopeho se rarahaneng. Li-complexes tsa koporo-cyanide tse entsoeng ka boteng ba sodium cyanide li lumella taolo e nepahetseng ea sekhahla sa ho beoa ha koporo, e fellang ka pheletso e boreleli le e khanyang ea koporo. Sena se etsa hore e tšoanelehe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse joalo ka ho khabisa ka mabenyane, lihokelo tsa motlakase le liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng.

Silver Plating

Sodium cyanide hape ke karolo ea bohlokoa libate tsa silevera tsa electroplating. Ho tšoana le ho roala ka koporo, li-ion tsa cyanide li etsa li-complexes tse tsitsitseng tsa silevera-cyanide. Li-complexes tsena li thusa ho etsa hore ho be le seaparo sa silevera se khanyang, se boreleli le se khomarelang. Ho roala silevera ka libate tse thehiloeng ho cyanide ho tloaelehile ho sebelisoa ha ho etsoa lisebelisoa tsa tafole, lintho tse khabisitsoeng, le likhokahano tsa motlakase, moo ho lakatsoang boleng bo phahameng le ho hanyetsa ho bola ha silevera.

Khauta ea Khauta

Hangata electroplating ea khauta e sebelisa sodium cyanide ho etsa metsoako ea khauta-cyanide. Tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide libateng tsa khauta e lumella hore ho behoe lesela le tšesaane, le ts'oanang la khauta le khomarelang hantle. Ho roala khauta ho sebelisoa haholo indastering ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike bakeng sa likarolo tse kang lihokelo le likhokahano ho ntlafatsa conductivity ea motlakase le ho thibela kutu. E boetse e sebelisoa indastering ea mabenyane bakeng sa merero ea ho khabisa. Bokhoni ba ho laola ts'ebetso ea ho bea ka nepo u sebelisa libate tse thehiloeng ho sodium cyanide li netefatsa hore seaparo sa khauta se na le lintho tse batloang, joalo ka 'mala, ho thatafala le ho tšoarella.

Mehopolo ea Ts'ireletso

Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore sodium cyanide e chefo haholo. Ho hema, ho e noa, kapa ho ama letlalo ka sodium cyanide kapa litharollo tsa eona ho ka bolaea. E ka boela ea itšoara ka li-acids ho hlahisa khase e chefo haholo ea hydrogen cyanide. Ka hona, liprothokholo tse tiileng tsa polokeho li tlameha ho lateloa ha u sebetsana le sodium cyanide ts'ebetsong ea electroplating. Basebetsi ba lokela ho fuoa koetliso e nepahetseng mabapi le ho tšoara k’hemik’hale ena ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng, ho kopanyelletsa le tšebeliso ea thepa e loketseng ea tšireletso ea botho e kang litlelafo, likhalase le tšireletso ea phefumoloho. Mehaho ea motlakase e tlameha ho ba le libaka tsa mosebetsi tse nang le moea o motle le merero ea ho arabela maemong a tšohanyetso haeba ho ka tšolloa kapa ho pepeseha ka tšohanyetso. Ho feta moo, ho lahla litšila tse nang le sodium cyanide ho tlameha ho etsoa ho latela melao e thata ea tikoloho ho thibela tšilafalo ea mehloli ea metsi le ho senya bophelo ba metsing.

fihlela qeto e

Sodium cyanide e bapala karolo e ngata le ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsa tšepe tsa electroplating. Bokhoni ba eona ba ho etsa li-complexes tsa tšepe-cyanide, ho fokotsa polarization ea anode, ho tsitsisa tharollo ea electroplating, le ho ntlafatsa polarization ea cathode e etsa hore e be karolo ea bohlokoa ho finyella liphahlo tsa tšepe tsa boleng bo phahameng. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la chefo ea eona e feteletseng, ts'ebetso e bolokehileng le ts'ebeliso ea sodium cyanide ho electroplating ke tsa bohlokoa haholo. Ha theknoloji e ntse e tsoela pele, ho ntse ho etsoa boiteko ba ho nts'etsapele mekhoa e meng e se nang chefo bakeng sa electroplating, empa hajoale, sodium cyanide e ntse e le motsoako oa bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse ngata tsa indasteri ea electroplating.