Boemo ba Hona Joale ba Lipatlisiso le Melemo ea Li-Reagents tse Rare Earth Mineral Processing

Li-Reagents tsa Rare Earth Mineral Processing: Babokelli, Li-Depressants, Frothers & Leaching Agents bakeng sa Pholiso e Sebetsang le e Tsoelang Pele.

Li-Reagents tsa Rare Earth Mineral Processing: Babokelli, Li-Depressants, Frothers & Leaching Agents bakeng sa Pholiso e Sebetsang le e Tsoelang Pele.

Lintho tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e (REEs) li na le mefuta e mengata e ikhethang ea 'mele le lik'hemik'hale, e leng se etsang hore e be tsa bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng, ho tloha ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki ho isa ts'ebetsong ea sesole. Li amoheloa e le liminerale tsa bohlokoa ke linaha tse kang China, United States, Japan le Australia. Leha ho le joalo, liminerale tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše li ngata ka mefuta-futa empa li le tlaase ka maemo ’me hangata li amahanngoa le liminerale tse tšoanang tsa gangue. Molemo oa bona o itšetlehile haholo ka tsoelopele ea li-reagents tsa ho lokisa liminerale.

Sengoliloeng sena se lebisitsoe molemong oa ho rua molemo ka nepo lihloliloeng tsa lefatše tse sa tloaelehang. E akaretsa boemo ba hajoale ba lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea li-reagents tsa flotation bakeng sa liminerale tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše, ho kenyelletsa le babokelli, li-depressants, li-activators, le bo-ntate, hammoho le mekhoa ea bona ea ho phaphamala. Li-reagents tsa melemo ea lik'hemik'hale bakeng sa li-ores tsa lefatše tse sa tloaelehang tsa mofuta oa ion, ho kenyeletsoa leaching agents le li-agent tsa precipitating, li boetse li tšohloa, tse koahelang boemo ba bona ba lipatlisiso le mekhoa ea ho senya. Ho feta moo, boemo ba hajoale ba ho phaphamala ha lefatshe ho sa tloaelehang babokelli ba hlahlojoa, le litaelo tsa lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang bakeng sa Ts'ebetso ea lirafshoa tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e li-reagents lia hlahlojoa. Tlhahlobo ena e ikemiselitse ho fana ka litšupiso bakeng sa lik'hamphani le litsebi tse sebetsanang le ts'ebetso ea liminerale tse sa tloaelehang le nts'etsopele ea reagent.

Boemo ba Hona Joale ba Lipatlisiso le Melemo ea ho Rare Earth Mineral Processing Reagents Earth mineral processing flotation reagents tse sa tloaelehang likoleke depressants frothers leaching agents recovery extraction ea moshoelella morafo hydroxamic acids sodium silicate ammonium sulfate tikoloho pula ea pula e ncha e tala tharollo No. 1picture

Kenyelletso ea 0

Lintho tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše (REEs) li kenyelletsa scandium, yttrium, le li-lanthanide tsohle tse 15, tse 17 kaofela. Lintho tsena li bonts'a mefuta e mengata e ikhethang ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale, e leng se etsang hore e be tsa bohlokoa makaleng a fapaneng a sechaba le a sesole, ho kenyeletsoa liindasteri tsa bongaka, tsa matla le tsa ts'ireletso. Hangata li bitsoa "livithamine tsa indasteri," "likarolo tsa mehlolo," "li-hormone tsa temo," le "metale ea ntoa," e nkoang e le liminerale tsa bohlokoa ke lichaba tse kang United States, Chaena, Japane, Australia, Canada le European Union. Ho latela United States Geological Survey (USGS), ho tloha ka 2022, mehloli ea lefatše ea rare earth oxide (REO) e eme hoo e ka bang lithane tse limilione tse 120, haholo-holo e tsepamisitsoe Chaena (36.7%), Vietnam (18.3%), Brazil (17.5%), Russia (17.5%), India (5.8%) le Australia (3.3%).

Merafo e meholo ea lefats'e e sa tloaelehang e kenyelletsa li-deposit tsa China tsa Bayan Obo, Maoniuping, le Ganzhou, morafo oa Mountain Pass naheng ea US, merafo ea Araxa le Minasu e Brazil, Strange Lake deposit naheng ea Canada, Mount Weld deposit e Australia, le depositi ea Zandkopsdrift Afrika Boroa. Ho feta moo, liprofinse tse ka boroa tsa China, ho kenyeletsoa Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian le Yunnan, ke lehae la li-ion-adsorption tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e tse fetang 170, tse sebetsang e le mohloli oa mantlha oa lefats'e oa likarolo tse mahareng le tse boima tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše.

Ho na le mefuta e fetang 250 ea liminerale tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e, tse nang le bastnäsite ((Ce, La)(CO3)F), monazite ((Ce, La) PO4), xenotime (YPO4), yttrialite (Y2FeBe(SiO4)2O2), le fergusonite (YNbO4) e ikarabellang bakeng sa kakaretso ea 95% ea liminerale tse thehiloeng holim'a lefatše. Leha ho le joalo, ores tsena hangata li amahanngoa le quartz, fluorite, barite, feldspar, calcite, le liminerale tse ling tsa silicate gangue, e leng se etsang hore ho be le ores ea boemo bo tlaase eo ho leng thata ho arohana. Ka hona, molemo oa lirafshoa tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e hangata li hloka motsoako oa karohano ea matla a khoheli, karohano ea makenete, le ho phaphamala ho phaphamala ho ntlafatsa ore ea boemo bo tlase ho ea ho liindasteri tsa boemo ba ho qhibilihisa. Tabeng ea li-ion-adsorption tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e, likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e li hlahisoa e le li-ion holim'a liminerale kapa ka har'a likarolo tsa kristale, tse hlokang ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale ho ntša li-oxide tsa lefatše tse sa tloaelehang.

Hore na o sebetsana le liminerale tse thehiloeng ho liminerale kapa mofuta oa ion-are earth ores, ts'ebeliso ea li-reagents tsa melemo e bohlokoa ho khetholla boemo ba sehlahisoa, ho hlaphoheloa ha lefatše ka seoelo litefiso, katleho ea tlhahiso, litšenyehelo, le phello ea tikoloho.

Sengoliloeng sena se shebane le molemo o atlehang oa lisebelisoa tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e, se fanang ka kakaretso e felletseng ea mefuta, mekhoa le tsoelo-pele ea lipatlisiso tsa li-reagents tsa flotation (babokelli, li-frothers, regulators) bakeng sa liminerale tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše, hammoho le li-reagents tsa melemo ea lik'hemik'hale (li-leaching agents, precipitating agents) bakeng sa ores ea lefatše e sa tloaelehang ea mofuta oa ion. E boetse e fana ka litaelo tsa nako e tlang bakeng sa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea li-reagents tsa ho lokisa lirafshoa tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e, ka sepheo sa ho fana ka litšupiso bakeng sa lik'hamphani le bafuputsi ba amehang karohanong ea lefatše e sa tloaelehang kapa nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa indasteri.

1 Rare Earth Flotation Collectors

Babokelli ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho phaphameng ha lefatše ka seoelo ka ho fetola hydrophobicity ea holim'a liminerale tse shebiloeng, ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho hokela lipululana le ho ntlafatsa thepa ea tsona ea ho phaphamala. Ho itšetlehile ka lihlopha tse sebetsang, babokelli ba ho phalla ha lefatše ka seoelo ba ka aroloa ka hydroxamic acids, fatty acids, phosphonic acid, le li-reagents tse ling.1.1 Hydroxamic Acid Collectors

Babokelli ba asiti ea Hydroxamic, e ntlafalitsoeng ka bo-1980, ke li-reagents tse sebelisoang haholo ho phaphamala ha lefatše ka seoelo. Hydroxamic acids, e tsejoang hape e le oximes, e teng ka mefuta e 'meli ea isomeric: oxime (sebopeho sa keto) le hydroxamic acid (sebopeho sa enol), moo oxime e leng eona e ka sehloohong. Li-isomer ka bobeli li ikarola ho etsa li-anion tse ts'oanang nakong ea ho phaphamala.

Boemo ba Hona Joale ba Lipatlisiso le Melemo ea ho Rare Earth Mineral Processing Reagents Earth mineral processing flotation reagents tse sa tloaelehang likoleke depressants frothers leaching agents recovery extraction ea moshoelella morafo hydroxamic acids sodium silicate ammonium sulfate tikoloho pula ea pula e ncha e tala tharollo No. 2picture

Likhokello tse tloaelehileng tsa hydroxamic acid tse sebelisoang ho phaphamala ha lefatše tse sa tloaelehang li kenyelletsa C7-C9 alkyl hydroxamic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-naphthohydroxamic acid (H205), 1-hydroxy-2-naphthohydroxamic acid (H203), salicylic hydroxamic acid (L102), cycloalkyl hydroctyl hydroxylomic acid (OMHA), le lihlahisoa tse ling tse fetotsoeng kapa tse tsoakiloeng tsa hydroxamic acid, tse kang H316 (H205 e fetotsoeng), P8 (haholo-holo hydroxynaphthohydroxamic acid), LF8 # (98% hydroxynaphthohydroxamic acid), le mokelli 103 (salicylic hydroxamic acid). Le ha li-hydroxamic acid li bonts'a khetho e ntle bakeng sa likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e, hangata li hloka ho futhumatsa nakong ea ho phaphamala, ho lebisang litšenyehelong tse phahameng tsa matla, 'me motsoako oa tsona le ona o ka bitsa chelete e ngata.

Boemo ba Hona Joale ba Lipatlisiso le Melemo ea ho Rare Earth Mineral Processing Reagents Earth mineral processing flotation reagents tse sa tloaelehang likoleke depressants frothers leaching agents recovery extraction ea moshoelella morafo hydroxamic acids sodium silicate ammonium sulfate tikoloho pula ea pula e ncha e tala tharollo No. 3picture

1.2 Babokelli ba Asiti ea Mafura

Likokello tsa asiti ea mafura li 'nile tsa sebelisoa ho phaphamala ha lefatše ho sa tloaelehang ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1950 ha oleic acid e sebelisoa ka katleho Mountain Pass United States. Chaena, lithuto tse hlophisitsoeng mabapi le tšebeliso ea oleic acid le sesepa sa parafine e nang le oxidized bakeng sa ho phalla ha lefatše ka seoelo li qalile ka bo-1960.

Boemo ba Hona Joale ba Lipatlisiso le Melemo ea ho Rare Earth Mineral Processing Reagents Earth mineral processing flotation reagents tse sa tloaelehang likoleke depressants frothers leaching agents recovery extraction ea moshoelella morafo hydroxamic acids sodium silicate ammonium sulfate tikoloho pula ea pula e ncha e tala tharollo No. 4picture

Babokelli ba acid e mafura ba tsoa ho oli ea tlhaho ea meroho kapa ea liphoofolo, hangata e entsoe ka motsoako oa C10-C20 e tletseng li-carboxylic acid kapa letsoai le saturated. Li-reagents tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa oleic acid, sodium oleate, oli e telele, sesepa sa parafine e nang le oxidized, oli ea litholoana tsa Bacchus, phthalates, naphthenic acid, le lintho tse tsoang ho petroleum e oxidized. Leha ho le joalo, babokelli ba mafura a mafura ba na le khetho e tlaase bakeng sa liminerale tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e 'me hangata ba hloka ho eketsoa ha li-depressants le liphetoho tsa mocheso ho finyella karohano e sebetsang.

Ho phaphamala ha liminerale tse sa tloaelehang ho sebelisa li-acid tse mafura ho lumeloa hore ho kenyelletsa motsoako oa adsorption ea 'mele, adsorption ea lik'hemik'hale le karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale tse holim'a metsi.

1.3 Babokelli ba Asiti ea Phosphonic

Phosphonic acid (—P=O) le phosphonate (—O—P=O) babokelli ba bontša tšebetso e matla ea ho phaphamala bakeng sa liminerale tsa tšepe ha li bapisoa le likoleke tsa hydroxamic le mafura a acid. Leha ho le joalo, babokelli ba phosphonic acid ka kakaretso ba na le khetho e tlase.

Boemo ba Hona Joale ba Lipatlisiso le Melemo ea ho Rare Earth Mineral Processing Reagents Earth mineral processing flotation reagents tse sa tloaelehang likoleke depressants frothers leaching agents recovery extraction ea moshoelella morafo hydroxamic acids sodium silicate ammonium sulfate tikoloho pula ea pula e ncha e tala tharollo No. 5picture

Babokelli ba phosphonic acid ba sebelisoang hona joale sebakeng se sa tloaelehang sa ho phaphamala ha lefatše ba kenyelletsa styrene phosphonic acid, p-toluene phosphonic acid, benzyl phosphonic acid, α-hydroxybenzyl phosphonic acid, le lihlahisoa tsa khoebo tse kang P538 le Flotinor 1682.

Boemo ba Hona Joale ba Lipatlisiso le Melemo ea ho Rare Earth Mineral Processing Reagents Earth mineral processing flotation reagents tse sa tloaelehang likoleke depressants frothers leaching agents recovery extraction ea moshoelella morafo hydroxamic acids sodium silicate ammonium sulfate tikoloho pula ea pula e ncha e tala tharollo No. 6picture

Boemo ba Hona Joale ba Lipatlisiso le Melemo ea ho Rare Earth Mineral Processing Reagents Earth mineral processing flotation reagents tse sa tloaelehang likoleke depressants frothers leaching agents recovery extraction ea moshoelella morafo hydroxamic acids sodium silicate ammonium sulfate tikoloho pula ea pula e ncha e tala tharollo No. 7picture

1.4 Babokelli ba bang

Ntle le li-hydroxamic acids, fatty acids, le phosphonic acid, ho ntse ho hlahlojoa babokelli ba libuka tse fapaneng ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e sa tloaelehang ea ho phalla ha lefatše le khetho. Tse ling tsa tsona li akarelletsa sulfonates, thio-phosphates, le quaternary ammonium salts.

  • Li-sulfonates: Li-sulfonate li tlalehile hore li bonts'a khetho e ntle le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ho phaphamala, empa ts'ebeliso ea tsona ho rare earth mineral flotation e ntse e le mekhahlelo ea eona ea pele.

  • Thio-phosphates: Babokelli bana ba atisa ho sebelisoa ho flotation ea sulfide mineral flotation, empa lipatlisiso mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea bona ho flotation e sa tloaelehang ea lefats'e e ntse e tsoela pele.

  • Quaternary Ammonium Salts: Lik'hemik'hale tsena li 'nile tsa hlahlojoa bakeng sa bokhoni ba tsona ba ho phaphamala ka liminerale tse se nang sulfide,' me katleho e 'ngoe e tlalehiloe ka ho phalla ha lefatše ka seoelo. Li sebetsa ka khahleho ea electrostatic e nang le bokaholimo ba liminerale tse qosoang hampe.

Bafuputsi ba lula ba leka li-reagents tse ncha ho ntlafatsa katleho ea ho phalla ha liminerale tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e, ho shebana le ho ntlafatsa litekanyetso tsa ho hlaphoheloa le ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea lik'hemik'hale tsena.

2 Li-Depressants bakeng sa Rare Earth Flotation

Li-depressants li bohlokoa ho potoloha ha liminerale tsa lefats'e bakeng sa ho thibela liminerale tsa gangue ka mokhoa o ikhethileng, ka hona ho ntlafatsa khetho le chai ea liminerale tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše. Liminerale tsa mantlha tsa gangue tse amahanngoang le lirafshoa tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e, joalo ka quartz, calcite, le barite, hangata li bonts'a mekhoa e ts'oanang ea ho phaphamala, e etsang hore thibelo ea bona e khethoe e be ea bohlokoa.

Boemo ba Hona Joale ba Lipatlisiso le Melemo ea ho Rare Earth Mineral Processing Reagents Earth mineral processing flotation reagents tse sa tloaelehang likoleke depressants frothers leaching agents recovery extraction ea moshoelella morafo hydroxamic acids sodium silicate ammonium sulfate tikoloho pula ea pula e ncha e tala tharollo No. 8picture

Li-depressants tse tloaelehileng sebakeng se sa tloaelehang sa ho phaphamala ha lefatše li kenyelletsa khalase ea metsi (sodium silicate), sodium fluoride, tannins, le starch.

2.1 Sodium Silicate (Khalase ea Metsi)

Sodium silicate, eo ka tloaelo e tsejoang e le khalase ea metsi, ke e 'ngoe ea li-depressants tse sebelisoang haholo ho phaphamala ha lefatše ka seoelo. E sebelisetsoa ho thibela liminerale tsa silicate tse kang quartz le feldspar. Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ea sodium silicate e sithabetsang hangata e bakoa ke ho thehoa ha lesela la silica holim'a liminerale tsa gangue, tse thibelang ho ba le mokelli.

Khalase ea metsi ke ntho e sithabetsang, e theko e tlase, empa ts'ebetso ea eona e ka susumetsoa ke lintlha tse kang pH, mahloriso a ion, le litekanyetso tsa reagent. Bafuputsi ba ntse ba hlahloba li-silicate tse fetotsoeng le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale ho ntlafatsa khetho ea khalase ea metsi.

2.2 Sodium Fluoride

Sodium fluoride e sebelisoa ho hatella calcite lits'ebetsong tse sa tloaelehang tsa ho phaphamala ha lefatše. Phello ea eona e sithabetsang e ipapisitse le karabelo lipakeng tsa li-ion tsa fluoride le li-ion tsa calcium, ho etsa filimi e sa tsitsang ea calcium fluoride holim'a liminerale, e thibelang ho ata ha pokello.

Leha ho le joalo, sodium fluoride ke ntho e chefo haholo, 'me tšebeliso ea eona e ka baka mathata a tikoloho le polokeho. Ka lebaka leo, bafuputsi ba ntse ba batla mekhoa e meng e sireletsehileng haholoanyane.

2.3 Li-tannins le Starch

Li-tannins le starch ke mehlala ea li-depressants tsa tlhaho tse sebelisoang ho phaphamala ha lefatše ka seoelo. Li-tannins, tse tsoang linthong tsa limela, li sebelisoa ho hatella liminerale tsa gangue tse kang barite le fluorite. Mokhoa oa bona o kenyelletsa ho rarahana ka li-ion tsa tšepe holim'a liminerale, ho fokotsa sehokelo sa mokelli.

Hangata starch e sebelisoa e le ntho e sithabetsang bakeng sa hematite le liminerale tse ling tse nang le tšepe ha ho phaphamala ha liminerale tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše. Tšebelisano lipakeng tsa starch le liminerale hangata ke ea 'mele, 'me limolek'hule tsa starch li ipapisa le bokaholimo ba liminerale, li thibela ketso ea mokelli.

2.4 Li-Depressants tse Ncha

Tlhahiso ea li-depressants tse ncha ke sebaka se tsoelang pele sa lipatlisiso mabapi le ho phalla ha lefatše ka seoelo. Li-reagents tsena tse ncha li ikemiselitse ho ntlafatsa khetho le ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea ts'ebetso ea ho phaphamala. Mehlala ea lintlafatso tsa morao-rao li kenyelletsa starch e fetotsoeng, li-polymer tsa maiketsetso, le li-biodegradable organic depressants.

3 Frothers bakeng sa Rare Earth Flotation

Li-Frothers li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho theheng lehloa le tsitsitseng liseleng tse phaphametseng, e leng se nolofalletsang ho arola liminerale tse sa tloaelehang ho tloha ho gangue. Li-Frothers li susumetsa boholo ba bubble, botsitso ba froth, le kinetics ea flotation. Li-frother tse sebelisoang ka ho fetesisa sebakeng se sa tloaelehang sa ho phaphamala ha lefatše ke li-reagents tse thehiloeng joala le li-ether-based.

Boemo ba Hona Joale ba Lipatlisiso le Melemo ea ho Rare Earth Mineral Processing Reagents Earth mineral processing flotation reagents tse sa tloaelehang likoleke depressants frothers leaching agents recovery extraction ea moshoelella morafo hydroxamic acids sodium silicate ammonium sulfate tikoloho pula ea pula e ncha e tala tharollo No. 9picture

3.1 Metsoalle e Thehiloeng ke Joala

Li-frothers tse thehiloeng ho joala, joalo ka methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) le oli ea phaene, li sebelisoa haholo ho phaphamala ha liminerale, ho kenyeletsoa ho phaphamala ha lefatše ka seoelo. Liphoofotsoana tsena li thusa ho hlahisa lipululana tse nyenyane, tse tsitsitseng tse etsang hore likaroloana tse nyenyane li kokotse.

Li-frothers tse thehiloeng ho tahi li batla li le theko e tlaase ebile lia sebetsa, empa ts'ebetso ea tsona e ka fapana ho latela lintlha tse kang pH, sebopeho sa liminerale le tšebelisano ea lisebelisoa.

3.2 Li-Frothers tse thehiloeng ho Ether

Li-frothers tse thehiloeng ho ether, tse kang polypropylene glycol ethers (mohlala, DF-250), le tsona li sebelisoa ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang oa ho phalla ha lefatše. Liphoofotsoana tsena li atisa ho hlahisa lipululana tse ntle le li-froths tse tsitsitseng haholoanyane ha li bapisoa le li-frothers tse entsoeng ka joala. Leha ho le joalo, li-ether-based frothers li ka bitsa chelete e ngata 'me li ka hloka taolo e nepahetseng ea litekanyetso.

3.3 Novel Frothers

Lipatlisiso mabapi le li-frothers tse ncha bakeng sa ho phalla ha lefatše ka seoelo li tsepamisitse maikutlo ho ntlafatseng khetho le botsitso ba lehloa ha ho ntse ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho. Tsena li kenyelletsa li-frothers le li-frothers tse ka ntlafalang tse nang le khanyetso e ntlafetseng ea boteng ba oli le litšila tse ling ka har'a flotation slurry.

4 Leaching Reagents bakeng sa Ion-Adsorption Rare Earth Ores

Ion-adsorption rare earth ores e ikhethile ka hore likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e li adsorbed holim'a liminerale tsa letsopa ho fapana le ho notleloa ka har'a meaho ea liminerale. Li-ores tsena hangata li sebetsoa ho sebelisoa leaching ho fapana le ho phaphamala. Li-leaching agents li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ena ka ho senya li-ion tsa lefats'e tse sa tloaelehang libakeng tsa letsopa.

4.1 Ammonium Sulfate Leaching

Ammonium sulfate ke eona e sebelisoang ka ho fetesisa bakeng sa ion-adsorption rare earth ores. Li-ion tsa ammonium li fapanyetsana le li-ion tsa lefats'e tse sa tloaelehang tse holim'a liminerale tsa letsopa, li li lokolla hore e be tharollo. Mokhoa ona o sebelisoa haholo ka lebaka la theko e tlaase le bonolo.

Leha ho le joalo, leaching ea ammonium sulfate e ka baka mathata a bohlokoa a tikoloho, haholo-holo mabapi le tšilafalo ea ammonium ion. Ho ntse ho etsoa boiteko ba ho hlahisa mekhoa e meng e baballang tikoloho.

4.2 Sodium Chloride le Magnesium Sulfate Leaching

Sodium chloride le magnesium sulfate li 'nile tsa fuputsoa e le mekhoa e meng ea ho sebelisa ammonium sulfate. Li-reagents tsena li sebetsa ka mekhoa e tšoanang ea phapanyetsano ea ion empa li na le monyetla oa ho se be kotsi haholo tikolohong. Leha ho le joalo, li atisa ho se sebetse hantle ho latela litekanyetso tsa ho hlaphoheloa, 'me lipatlisiso tse ling lia hlokahala ho ntlafatsa tšebeliso ea tsona.

4.3 Baemeli ba ho Leaching Organic

Liemeli tsa leaching tsa lintho tse phelang, tse kang citric acid le EDTA, li ntse li hlahlojoa e le mekhoa e meng e se nang botsoalle ho e-na le li-reagents tse tloaelehileng tsa inorganic leaching. Lik'hemik'hale tsena tsa manyolo li ka chelate li-ion tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e, tsa etsa hore ho be bonolo ho li ntša ore. Leha ho le joalo, litšenyehelo tsa li-reagents tsena ke ntho e fokolang bakeng sa ho amoheloa ha tsona hohle.

Li-agents tse 5 tsa Precipitating bakeng sa Ion-Adsorption Rare Earth Ores

Hang ha li-ion tsa lefats'e tse sa tloaelehang li kenngoa tharollong, li hloka ho nosetsoa le ho tsosolosoa. Li-precipitating agents li sebelisoa ho etsa metsoako ea lefatše e sa tloaelehang e ka arohanngoa le tharollo ea leach.

5.1 Ammonium Bicarbonate

Ammonium bicarbonate hangata e sebelisoa ho fana ka li-ion tsa lefats'e tse sa tloaelehang ho tsoa litharollong tsa leach joalo ka likhabonete tsa lefatše tse sa tloaelehang. Sehlahisoa sena se sebetsa hantle ebile se theko e tlase, empa se ka hlahisa metsi a litšila a nang le ammonium, a bakang mathata a tikoloho.

5.2 Oxalic Acid

Oxalic acid e sebelisoa haholo ho fokotsa likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e e le li-oxalate tsa lefats'e tse sa tloaelehang, tse ka sebelisoang ho hlahisa li-oxide tsa lefatše tse sa tloaelehang. Oxalic acid e sebetsa haholo empa e ka ba theko e phahameng ho feta ammonium bicarbonate. Ho feta moo, ho sebetsana le oxalic acid ho hloka mehato e hlokolosi ea polokeho ka lebaka la chefo ea eona.

5.3 Baemeli ba Bacha ba Pula

Lipatlisiso li ntse li tsoela pele ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tse khethang le tse se nang kotsi tikolohong bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ha lefatše ka seoelo. Tsena li kenyelletsa li-organic acid, li-reagents tse ka senyehang, le li-resin tsa ion-exchange.

6 Litaelo le Litebello tsa Bokamoso

Bokamoso ba li-reagents tsa ho lokisa lirafshoa tsa lefats'e bo ka har'a nts'etsopele ea li-reagents tse khethang, tse sebetsang hantle le tse baballang tikoloho. Libaka tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang li kenyelletsa:

  • Nts'etsopele ea li-reagents tse tala: Tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea ho phaphamala le lisebelisoa tsa metsi ke taba e tšoenyang haholo, haholo-holo molemong oa ho lokisa lefatše. Ho na le tlhokahalo e ntseng e hola ea nts'etsopele ea li-reagents tse senyehang, tse se nang chefo tse ka nkang sebaka sa lik'hemik'hale tsa setso joalo ka ammonium sulfate le oxalic acid.

  • Ntlafatso ea khetho: Ho hlokahala babokelli ba bacha, li-depressants, le li-frothers ho ntlafatsa khetho ea ho phalla ha lefatše ka seoelo, haholo-holo bakeng sa ores ea boemo bo tlaase le e rarahaneng. Sena se kenyeletsa ho hlahlojoa ha mekhoa e mecha ea limolek'hule le ho fetoloa ha li-reagents tse teng.

  • Phokotso ea litšenyehelo: Litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa li-reagents tse ling tse sa tloaelehang tsa ho lokisa lefatše, haholo-holo hydroxamic acid le phosphonic acid, ke ntho e fokotsang tšebeliso ea tsona e pharaletseng. Lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho kopanngoeng ha mekhoa e meng e theko e tlaase kapa ho ntlafatsa katleho ea li-reagents tse teng ho fokotsa litlhoko tsa litekanyetso.

  • Tikoloho ea tikoloho: Ka melaoana e ntseng e eketseha lefatšeng ka bophara e reretsoeng ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho mesebetsing ea merafo, nts'etsopele ea mahlale a ts'ebetso a sa tloaelehang a tikoloho e ntse e le bohlokoa le ho feta. Sena se kenyelletsa ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi le ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea litšila le tšilafalo.

Qetellong, ts'ebetso ea liminerale e sa tloaelehang ea lefats'e e itšetlehile haholo ka tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale, 'me lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele li bohlokoa ho ntlafatsa katleho, khetho le botsitso ba li-reagents tsena. Nts'etsopele ea li-reagents tse ncha, tse tala e tla ba bohlokoa bakeng sa bokamoso ba melemo e sa tloaelehang ea lefats'e, ha tlhoko ea lefats'e ea liminerale tsena tsa bohlokoa e ntse e phahama.


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