Mercury (Hg) Tlhahiso, Mehloli & Tlhaloso ea indasteri | United Chemical

Selelekela

Mercury (Hg) ke tšepe e boima ea bohlokoa historing empa e kotsi haholo. Thepa ea eona e ikhethang - mokelikeli mochesong oa kamore, conductivity e phahameng ea motlakase le bokhoni ba ho kopanya - e lebisitse tšebelisong e pharaletseng ea indasteri nakong e fetileng. Keketseho ea tlhokomeliso ea likotsi tsa tikoloho le bophelo bo botle tse amanang le mercury e lebisitse liketsong tsa machaba tse kang Tumellano ea Minamata ea ho thibela kapa ho felisa ba bangata MOHAU e sebelisa le ho khothaletsa phetiso le taolo ea tšilafalo.

Sengoloa sena sa litaba sa khamphani ka United Chemical e fana ka kakaretso e hlakileng, ea setsebi ea Mercury mehloli le litsela tsa ho hlaphoheloa, litšoaneleho tsa boleng ba sehlahisoa le papiso ho latela mohloli, ketane ea boleng ba indasteri, maemo a taolo le khoebo, le likhothaletso tse sebetsang tsa tumellano le taolo ea likotsi.

Lintlha tsa polokeho: Mercury le metsoako ea eona e na le neurotoxic 'me e phehella tikoloho. Ts'ebetso efe kapa efe, ho hlaphoheloa, lipalangoang kapa ts'ebeliso e tlameha ho latela melao ea naha, litumellano tsa machaba le melaoana ea thepa e kotsi. 

1. Mercury ke eng? (E khuts'oane)

Elemental mercury (Hg) ke tšepe ea metsi e teteaneng maemong a tikoloho 'me e ka fetoha mouoane le ho hasana tikolohong. Mercury e hlaha ka mefuta e mengata:

• Elemental mercury (Hg⁰) - metallic, volatile;

• Matsoai a sa tloaelehang a mercury - mohlala, mercuric chloride (HgCl₂);

• Organic mercury - joalo ka methylmercury, e bokellanang ka har'a liketane tsa lijo 'me e baka likotsi tse tebileng tsa bophelo bo botle.

Mercury e tsoang moeeng le metsing e ka fetoloa 'me ea bokelloa, e baka liphello tsa nako e telele tsa tikoloho le bophelo ba batho.

2. Mehloli ea mantlha le mekhahlelo ea ho hlaphoheloa (kakaretso ea boemo bo holimo)

Phepelo ea mercury lefatšeng ka bophara e tsoa haholo ho meepo ea mantlha (cinnabar/HgS) 'me melapo e sebelisoang hape (lihlahisoa tsa indasteri le litšila tse bokeletsoeng). Mekhahlelo ea mantlha ea mehloli ke:

1. Meepo ea mantlha le ho qhibilihisa (cinnabar)

• Overview: Historical cinnabar (HgS) tlhahiso ea merafo le ho qhibilihisa elemental mercury ka ho futhumatsa le ho kokobetsa. Mehaho ea sejoale-joale e lumellanang le eona e ka hlahisa mercury ea boleng bo holimo kamora kalafo e lekaneng.

• Litšoenyeho: Ho qhibilihisa ha mokelikeli o monyenyane ho sa laoleheng ho fella ka tšilafalo e matla le likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle; linaha tse ngata li fokotsa kapa li thibela mesebetsi e joalo.

2. Ho tsosolosoa ha lihlahisoa tsa indasteri le ho laola ho sebelisoa hape

• Overview: Mercury e ntse e fumanoa ka ho eketsehileng ho tsoa melapong ea litšila e bokelitsoeng-mabone a fluorescent, li-switches le li-relays, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, lisebelisoa tsa elektronike le lisebelisoa tsa lab-ebe li hloekisoa litsing tse laoloang.

• sebelisa hamolemo libaka tseo: Ho sebelisa hape ho fokotsa moroalo oa tikoloho le ho ntlafatsa ho lateloa le ho latela melao.

3. Meepo ea khauta le meepo e menyenyane (ASGM)

• Overview: Libakeng tse ling ASGM e sebelisa mercury ho etsa li-amalgam bakeng sa ho khutlisa khauta. 

• Policy: Tšebeliso ea mercury ea ASGM ke sepheo sa bohlokoa sa ho fokotsa tlas'a Tumellano ea Minamata le mananeo a naha a khothalletsang mekhoa e meng.

4. Ho qhaqhoa ha metšoasong ea histori le thepa

• Overview: Ho tlosoa ha lisebelisoa tsa khale le ho lahloa ha lihlahisoa tsa khale ho boetse ho hlahisa mercury e ka khutlisoang, empa boleng le boemo ba ts'oaetso li fapana haholo 'me li hloka ho sebetsoa ka hloko.

3. Papiso ea boleng ba mohloli / sehlahisoa le metrics ea bohlokoa

Lihlopha tsa ho reka le ho latela melao li lokela ho etelletsa pele metrics e latelang ho Certificate of Analysis (COA):

• Litaba tsa Hg / bohloeki ba mantlha (%);

• Mesaletsa ea Organic mercury (methylmercury).;

• Tekanyetso le maemo a tšireletso a amanang le khatello ea mouoane;

• Lintho tse sa hloekang (As, Pb, S, likaroloana);

• Mongobo le litšila tsa mochini;

• Sebopeho le sephutheloana (mokelikeli oa motheo Hg, matsoai, li-alloys; litlhaloso tsa thepa ea setshelo).

Papiso ea boemo bo holimo ka mohloli:

• Merafo ea mantlha (limela tse lumellanang): Bohloeki bo phahameng bo ka finyelloang haeba mesi le phekolo ea litšila li laoloa; boikamahanyo ba taolo bo bohlokwa.

• Regulated recycling: Ka tlhoekiso ea sejoale-joale, recycled mercury e ka kopana le litlhaloso tse phahameng tsa bohloeki 'me e khethoa ka mabaka a tikoloho.

• Mehloli ea nalane / e qhaqha: Boleng bo feto-fetohang; hangata e hloka tlhoekiso e eketsehileng.

• Mehloli ea ASGM: E silafetse haholo ebile ha e amohelehe bakeng sa liketane tsa phepelo tse molaong.

4. Ketane ea boleng ba indasteri (ho ea holimo - bohareng - tlase ho noka)

Upstream — mehloli le lisebelisoa

• mehloli e: li-cinnabar ores, litšila tsa indasteri (mabone, li-switches, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka), lihlahisoa tsa histori.

• Thepa le litšebeletso: litsamaiso tse koetsoeng tsa condensation/capture, adsorption/absorption units, lisebelisoa tsa tlhoekiso, lilaboratori tse netefalitsoeng tsa tlhahlobo, ho paka thepa e kotsi le thepa.

Midstream - tlhoekiso, liteko le khoebo

• mesebetsi: ho qhibilihisa/ho hloekisa, tlhahlobo ea laboratori (COA/MSDS), ho paka le ho ngola, ho lumellana le thomello le thepa.

• Lintlha tsa bohlokoa: litumello, taolo ea mesi, tsamaiso ea bophelo bo botle mosebetsing le tumellano ea lipalangoang.

Downstream - lits'ebetso le mekhoa ea ho kenya sebaka

• dikopo: lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa niche, li-catalyst tse itseng tsa lik'hemik'hale, lipatlisiso; historing ka mabone le li-switches (hona joale li nkeloa sebaka haholo).

• tšekamelo: ho amoheloa ka potlako ha mahlale a se nang mercury (li-LED, li-switches tse tiileng, li-catalyst tse ling) le phallo e tsamaisoang ke taolo lits'ebetsong tse ngata.

5. Boemo ba taolo le khoebo (kakaretso)

• Kopano ea Minamata: moralo oa mantlha oa molao oa machaba o hlokang mehato ea ho fokotsa le ho felisa ho lokolloa ha mercury, ho khothaletsa ho sebelisoa hape le ho laola setoko.

• Mokhoa oa 'maraka: tlhokahalo e theohang ea mercury ea mantlha ka ho itšetleha ho eketsehileng ho mehloli e sebelisoang hape, e lumellanang; khoebo e seng molaong ea mercury le ASGM e sa reroang e ntse e le tsona tse tlang pele ho phethahatsa ts'ebetsong.

• Tlhokomeliso ea khoebo: thepa e romelloang kantle e tlameha ho fihlela litlhoko tsa naha eo e eang ho eona, melao ea lipalangoang tsa thepa e kotsi (IATA/IMDG), le mokhoa oa ho tsoa morao.

6. Likotsi tsa indasteri, lintho tse tlang pele ho latela melao le likhothaletso

1. latelwa: boloka tumellano e felletseng le Tumellano ea Minamata le melaoana ea lehae—ho lateloa ho tlalehiloeng bakeng sa mehloli ea mercury le libaka tseo u eang ho tsona.

2. Khothaletsa ho sebelisoa hape: tsetela ho pokello e laoloang le ho hloekisoa ha litšebeletso tsa motheo ho fana ka mercury e lumellanang le recycled.

3. Sireletsa bophelo bo botle & tikoloho: ho tiisa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea mosebetsi, thibelo ea ho lutla, karabelo ea tšohanyetso le ho kenya letsoho sechabeng.

4. Tšehetso ea phetisetso: sebetsa le bareki ho sebelisa theknoloji e se nang mercury le ho fana ka tšehetso ea ho tlosa / ho khutlisa thepa.

5. Taolo ya boleng le ho latedisa: fana ka COA/MSDS ka thomello e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe 'me u netefatse hore ho na le traceability ea batch.

6. Phetiso ea kotsi: kenya ts'ebetsong inshorense ea melato ea tikoloho le inshorense ea lipalangoang.

Qetello - United Chemical' boitlamo

United Chemical e ikemiseditse ho ikamahanya le boikarabelo, ho dumellana le ho hlokomela tikoloho le disebediswa tse amanang le mercury. Lintho tse tlang pele bophelong ba rona li kenyelletsa:

• ho etelletsa pele ho tsosolosoa ho laolehileng le ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka ho ntšoa ha mantlha;

• ho boloka taolo e tiileng ea boleng, litokomane le ho lateloa;

• ho fa bareki litokomane tsa ho latela melao, boeletsi ba tekheniki le koetliso ea ho sebetsana ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng;

• ho sebelisana 'moho ho ntšetsa pele mekhoa e meng le ho fokotsa likotsi tsa mercury liindasteri tse tlase.