Sodium Cyanide: K'hemik'hale ea Bohlokoa indastering

Selelekela

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ke motsoako oa bohlokoa oa inorganic sebakeng se seholo sa lisebelisoa tse tala tsa lik'hemik'hale. Ka thepa ea eona e ikhethang ea lik'hemik'hale, e bapala karolo e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka makaleng a mangata a indasteri. Sengoliloeng sena se kenella ka har'a thepa, lits'ebetso, tlhahiso, le likarolo tsa polokeho ea Sodium cyanide, ka sepheo sa ho fana ka kutloisiso e felletseng ea k’hemik’hale ena ea bohlokoa.

Lintho tse molemo tsa sodium cyanide

Matlo a 'mele

Sodium cyanide e hlaha e le lintho tse tiileng tsa kristale tse tšoeu, likotoana kapa phofo. E na le hygroscopic 'me e na le monko o monate oa almonde. E qhibiliha haholo metsing, 'me e ka ba 0.4 kg ea tiileng Sodium cyanide e khona ho qhala ka 1 kg ea metsi ka 30 °C. E boetse e na le ho qhibiliha ha ethanol. Motsoako ona o na le boima ba molek'hule ba 49.007 g/mol, ntlha e qhibilihang ke 564 °C, le ntlha e belang ea 1469 °C, e nang le khatello ea mouoane ea 0.1 kPa ho 800 °C.

Mefuta ea Lik'hemik'hale

Sodium cyanide ke setsi se matla - letsoai le fokolang la acid. Tharollo ea eona e nang le metsi e ka phatsima ho theha sodium cyanide Li-hydrate tse nang le molek'hule o le mong kapa tse peli tsa metsi ka tlase ho 1.34 ° C. Ha mocheso o feta 34.7 ° C, o lahleheloa ke metsi a crystallization mme e fetoha letsoai le anhydrous. E arabela habonolo ka li-acids, esita le li-acids tse fokolang haholo. Litšepe tse kang tšepe, zinki, nickel, koporo, cobalt, silevera, le cadmium li ka qhibiliha ka har'a litharollo tsa sodium cyanide, e leng se etsang hore ho thehoe lintho tse tšoanang. li-cyanides. Boteng ba oksijene, e ka qhala litšepe tsa bohlokoa tse kang khauta le silevera ho etsa matsoai a rarahaneng. Ha e lumellane le li-acids 'me e ka itšoara ka carbon dioxide. Moeeng o mongobo kapa metsing, e ka 'na ea bola. Ha e futhumala moo oksijene e leng teng, e hlahisa likhase tse chefo tse kang hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide le nitrogen oxides. E sebetsa ka mabifi ka nitrate, nitrites, le chlorate, e behang kotsi ea ho phatloha.

Lisebelisoa tsa sodium cyanide

Indasteri ea Meepo

ka Indasteri ea meepo, haholo-holo ha ho ntšoa litšepe tsa bohlokoa tse kang khauta le silevera, sodium cyanide ke ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Ts'ebetso ea cyanidation, e kenyelletsang ho sebelisa litharollo tsa sodium cyanide ho qhaqha khauta le silevera ho tloha ores, e amoheloa haholo ka lebaka la bonolo ba eona le theko e tlaase. Bakeng sa kilogram e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea khauta e hlahisoang, ho ka hlokahala lithane tse 'nè ho isa ho tse hlano tsa sodium cyanide. Tlhokahalo ea sodium cyanide lebaleng lena e amana haufi-ufi le ho theoha ha theko ea lirafshoa tsa bohlokoa 'marakeng oa lefatše. Ha moruo oa lefats'e o ntse o ntlafala le litheko tsa tšepe tsa bohlokoa li nyoloha, mesebetsi e ntseng e eketseha ea merafo e lebisa tlhokeho e phahameng ea sodium cyanide.

K'hemik'hale ea Lik'hemik'hale

1.Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Sodium cyanide e sebetsa e le thepa ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea ho kopanya meriana. E sebelisoa ho hlahisa lithethefatsi tse tloaelehileng le li-additives tsa lijo tse kang penicillin, vithamine B6. folic acid, guanine le caffeine. Indastering ea meriana, karolo ea eona ea ho theha metsoako e khethehileng ea lik'hemik'hale ka har'a limolek'hule tsa lithethefatsi ke ea bohlokoa haholo, e kenya letsoho haholo ntlafatsong le tlhahisong ea meriana e phekolang mafu a sa tšoaneng.

2.Tlhahiso ea Likokoana-hloko

Indastering ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, sodium cyanide e sebelisoa ho etsa chefo e tloaelehileng e kang glyphosate, fenvalerate, paraquat, atrazine le isoprothiolane. Likokoana-hloko tsena li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho sireletseng lijalo ho tse senyang lijalo le lehola, ho tiisa hore ho na le lijo tse sireletsehileng. Litsela tsa maiketsetso tse kenyelletsang sodium cyanide li etsa hore ho thehoe metsoako e bolaeang likokoanyana e nang le metsoako e itseng ea lik'hemik'hale.

3.Synthesis of Other Chemical Compounds

Ke motheo oa moaho bakeng sa tlhahiso ea mefuta e mengata ea lintho tse sa pheleng le tse phelang Li-cyanides. Ka ho toba ka ho sebelisa sodium cyanide, li-cyanide tsa bohlokoa tsa inorganic tse kang sodium ferrocyanide, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, barium cyanide, cuprous cyanide, sodium thiocyanate, le thiocyanate potassium e ka hlahisoa. Sebakeng sa organic cyanides, metsoako e kang cyanoacetic acid, malononitrile, methionine, benzyl cyanide, le cyanuric chloride e entsoe. Ho feta moo, ka tlhahiso ea hydrogen cyanide ho tloha sodium cyanide, lihlahisoa tse kang methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptanenitrile, nitrilotriacetic acid, le glycolonitrile li ka etsoa hape. Metsoako ena e sebelisoa haholo ha ho etsoa thepa ea maiketsetso, e akarelletsang lipolasetiki, rabara le likhoele.

Indasteri ea Electroplating

Ho electroplating, sodium cyanide ke karolo ea bohlokoa libate tsa electroplating bakeng sa tšepe tse kang koporo, silevera, cadmium le zinki. E ka fokotsa phello ea anodic polarization, e netefatsa ho qhibiliha ho tloaelehileng ha anode. Ka nako e ts'oanang, e ka ntlafatsa phello ea cathodic polarization, e thusa ho fumana seaparo sa tšepe se tšoanang holim'a setsi sa mosebetsi. Sena ha se ntlafatse feela ho hanyetsa ho bola ha likarolo tsa tšepe empa hape se ntlafatsa ponahalo ea tsona, ho etsa hore lihlahisoa tsa electroplated e be tse ntle le tse tšoarellang haholoanyane.

Tlhahiso ea Sodium Cyanide

Ho hlahisa sodium cyanide ke mokhoa o rarahaneng oa lik'hemik'hale. Mokhoa o mong o tloaelehileng ke ts'ebetso ea Andrussow, e kenyelletsang karabelo ea methane, ammonia, le oksijene holim'a platinum - rhodium catalyst mochesong o phahameng. Mokhoa o mong ke mokhoa oa Castner, o sebelisang karabelo ea sodium amide le k'habone seboping sa motlakase. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la chefo e phahameng le likotsi tse ka bang teng tikolohong tsa sodium cyanide, tlhahiso ea eona e laoloa ka thata ke mafapha a amehang a mmuso lefatšeng ka bophara. Bahlahisi ba hloka ho fihlela litekanyetso tse tiileng tsa polokeho le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho ho netefatsa tlhahiso e bolokehileng le e tsitsitseng ea k'hemik'hale ena.

Tšireletseho le Tšebeliso ea Sodium Cyanide

Toxicity

Sodium cyanide e chefo haholo. Esita le tekanyo e nyenyane, e ka bang 100 - 200 mg, e ka bolaea haeba e ka kenngoa, e hema, kapa e kenngoa ka letlalo. Hang ha e kena 'meleng oa motho, e ntša li-ion tsa cyanide (CN-), tse nang le kamano e matla ea li-ion tsa tšepe liseleng. Sena se sitisa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea oxidation liseleng, e lebisang ho felloa ke matla ha lisele le hypoxia ea lisele, e qetellang e baka lefu. Ho pepeseha ka matla ho ka baka matšoao a kang bofokoli, ho tsekela, hlooho e opang, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho ba le sefuba se thata, ho hema ka thata, ho otla ha pelo le ho lahleheloa ke kelello.

Litšireletso tsa tšireletso

1. Ho boloka

Sodium cyanide e lokela ho bolokoa sebakeng se pholileng, se omeletseng, se nang le moea o pholileng, hole le mehloli ea mocheso, mollo le li-acids. E lokela ho bolokoa ka lijaneng tse tiisitsoeng ka thata tse entsoeng ka thepa e nepahetseng ho thibela ho lutla le ho sebetsana le tikoloho. Mehaho ea polokelo e lokela ho hlomelloa ka mokhoa oa ho lutla - pokello le matšoao a tlhokomeliso ho thibela ho pepeseha ka phoso.

2.Lipalangoang

Nakong ea lipalangoang, sodium cyanide e tlameha ho latela melao e thata. Likoloi tse khethehileng tsa lipalangoang tse nang le likarolo tse nepahetseng tsa polokeho lia hlokahala. Tsamaiso ea lipalangoang e lokela ho behoa leihlo ka hloko ho thibela ho qhalana kapa likotsi tse ka bang teng. Meralo le lisebelisoa tsa ho arabela maemong a tšohanyetso li lokela ho ba teng haeba ho ka ba le maemo a sa lebelloang.

3.Ho sebetsana le Litlhophiso tsa Indasteri

Basebetsi ba sebetsanang le sodium cyanide limela tsa indasteri ba tlameha ho fumana koetliso e phethahetseng ea polokeho. Ba lokela ho apara lisebelisoa tse loketseng tsa ho itšireletsa, tse akarelletsang litšepe tse phefumolohang, liaparo tse sireletsang, liatlana le likhalase. Ts'ebetso ea limela e tlameha ho latela mekhoa e thata ea ts'ebetso ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho pepeseha. Haeba ho tšoloha kapa ho lutla, mehato ea hang-hang ea karabelo e lokela ho nkuoa, joalo ka ho sebelisa hydrogen peroxide ho fokotsa sodium cyanide.

Tšusumetso ea tikoloho

Ho lahla ho sa lokelang ha sodium cyanide kapa lihlahisoa tsa eona tsa litšila ho ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe tsa tikoloho. Cyanide - e nang le metsi a litšila le masalla a litšila e ka silafatsa mehloli ea mobu le ea metsi, ea beha bophelo ba limela, liphoofolo, le lintho tse phelang metsing kotsing. Ka indasteri ea merafo ea khauta, mohlala, palo e kholo ea cyanide - e nang le mehatla e hlahisoa selemo le selemo. Mehatla ena, ha e sa laoloe hantle, e ka baka likotsi tsa nako e telele tsa tikoloho. Ka hona, mehato e tiileng ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le mahlale a kalafo ea litšila a bohlokoa ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea mesebetsi e amanang le sodium cyanide.

fihlela qeto e

Sodium cyanide, leha e na le chefo e ngata, ke k'hemik'hale ea bohlokoa liindastering tse fapaneng. Mehaho ea eona e ikhethang ea lik'hemik'hale e e nolofalletsa ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntšoa ha tšepe ea bohlokoa, Tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale, le electroplating. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la likotsi tse ka bang teng bophelong ba batho le tikolohong, melaoana e tiileng ea polokeho le mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ts'ebetso e tlameha ho lateloa nakong eohle ea tlhahiso, lipalangoang, polokelo le ts'ebeliso ea eona. Ha theknoloji e ntse e tsoela pele, boiteko bo boetse bo lokela ho etsoa ho nts'etsapele mekhoa e meng e bolokehileng tikolohong le e sireletsehileng kapa mekhoa e ntlafalitsoeng ea ho fokotsa ts'epo le likotsi tse amanang le sodium cyanide ha e ntse e fihlela litlhoko tsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri.