Semela sa Khauta sa Cyanidation Mekhoa ea Phekolo ea Metsi a Litšila ea Cyanide

In Semela sa Khauta sa Cyanidations, le hoja ba bang Metsi a litšila a Cyanide e sebelisoa hape, ho ntse ho e-na le tse ling cyanide metsi a litšila kapa masalla a cyanide a tsoang. Cyanide e chefo haholo, ka hona, kalafo ea profeshenale ea metsi a litšila a cyanide e bohlokoa pele a tsoa ho qoba tšilafalo ea tikoloho le ho senya bophelo ba batho le liphoofolo. Hona joale, tse latelang ke mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila a cyanide limela tsa khauta tsa cyanidation.

Mekhoa ea Phekolo ea Metsi a Litšila a Cyanide a Mahareng le a Tlase

Alkaline Chlorination Mokhoa

Mokhoa oa alkaline chlorination ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo. Mokhoeng ona, chlorine oxidant e nang le boemo ba oxidation e phahameng e eketsoa metsing a litšila a alkaline cyanide. Li-oxidant tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa ClO₂, Cl₂ (khase le mokelikeli), phofo ea bleaching, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, le chlorite. Tharollong ea alkaline, OCl⁻ kapa oxidation e phahameng ea chloride hangata e hlahisoa. Taba ea pele, cyanide e oxidation ho ea cyanate, ebe e oxidation ho ea ho Carbon dioxide le naetrojene.

• Melemo : Li-reagent li fumaneha haholo ebile ha li theko e tlase. Phello ea kalafo e ntle, 'me lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang li bonolo, e leng se bonolo ho li iketsetsa.

• Mathata : Kaha cyanogen chloride e hlahisitsoeng e na le chefo, e kotsi haholo ho basebetsi. Cyanogen chloride ha e kopana le metsi e ka hlahisa mosi o senyang, e bakang tšenyo e kholo lisebelisoa.

Mokhoa oa Inco

Mokhoa oa Inco o ile oa hlahisoa ke Inco Ltd. ka 1982. Haholo-holo e kenyelletsa ho eketsa motsoako oa SO₂ le moea ho metsi a litšila a cyanide le ho laola boleng ba pH pakeng tsa 8 - 10. Li-ion tsa koporo tse fapaneng li etsa hore ho be le oxidation ea cyanide metsing a litšila.

• Melemo : Mokhoa oa Inco o bonolo, 'me lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ha li rarahane. Phello ea kalafo ka kakaretso e betere ho feta mokhoa oa chlorination (ntle le ho nahana ka chefo ea thiocyanate). Mehloli ea reagent e pharaletse haholo, 'me matsete a tlase ho feta a mokhoa oa alkaline chlorination.

• Mathata : Mokhoa oa Inco o na le bothata ba ho oxidiza SCN⁻, 'me SCN⁻ e ka arola CN⁻ hamorao, kahoo ha ea lokela ho phekoloa metsi a litšila a cyanide ka SCN⁻ e nang le mahloriso a mangata. SO₂ le eona ke tšilafalo ea moea 'me e ka baleha le ho lutla nakong ea karabelo, e silafatsa tikoloho.

H₂O₂ Mokhoa oa Oxidation

Tlas'a maemo a pH boleng ba 9.5 - 11. mocheso o tloaelehileng, le li-ion tsa koporo (Cu²⁺) e le ntho e thusang, H₂O₂ e oxidize cyanide ho hlahisa CNO⁻. CNO⁻ e tla kenngoa ka hydrolyzed ho feta ho hlahisa NH₄⁺ le CO₃²⁻, 'me sekhahla sa hydrolysis se ipapisitse le pH.

• Melemo : Phello ea kalafo ea metsi a litšila a cyanide e ntle, 'me ts'ebetso e bonolo. Mokhoa oa oxidation o loketse ho phekola metsi a litšila a cyanide a nang le mahloriso a tlase, 'me mahloriso a cyanide kamora kalafo a ka tlase ho 0.5mg/L.

• Mathata : H₂O₂ e na le chefo ebile e senya, kahoo ho tsamaisoa le ho sebelisoa ha eona ho kotsi. Mokhoa oa ho ntša chefo o na le bothata ba ho ntša chefo SCN⁻ metsing a litšila, 'me metsi a litšila a hloekisitsoeng a ntse a le chefo.

Mokhoa oa Ozone Oxidation

Ozone e na le matla a matla haholo a oxidation, e nang le matla a electrode a 2.07mV, ea bobeli ho latela fluorine. E ka senya habonolo likarolo tse ke keng tsa senyeha ke li-oxidants tse ling. Mokhoa oa tšebetso oa lik'hemik'hale oa tšebetso ea ozone oxidation ke hore ozone e kopana le cyanide ho hlahisa cyanide, eo ka nako eo e tsamaisoang ka hydrolyzed ho hlahisa naetrojene le carbonate.

• Melemo : E hloka feela lisebelisoa ho hlahisa ozone 'me ha ho hlokahale hore e reke le ho tsamaisa lik'hemik'hale. Ts'ebetso ena e bonolo ebile e bonolo, ha ho na tšilafalo ea bobeli.

• Mathata : Ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa lijenereithara tsa ozone le bothata ba tlhokomelo ea lisebelisoa, ho na le lithibelo tse itseng lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri. Mokhoa oa ho oxidation oa ozone o ja motlakase o mongata, kahoo ho thata ho o sebelisa libakeng tse se nang matla a lekaneng.

Mekhoa ea Kalafo bakeng sa Phahameng - Concentration Cyanide Wastewater

Mokhoa oa Acidification

Mokhoa oa acidification o ka phekola boholo ba litharollo tse phahameng tsa cyanide (60×10⁻⁶ + NaCN) tse tsoang lifemeng. Motsoako oa li-ion tsa cyanide tsa mahala tharollong o ka fokotsoa ho 1 × 10⁻⁶.

• Melemo : E ka eketsa ho tsosolosoa ha cyanide, ea sebelisa mehloli hape, 'me ea ba le melemo e meholo ea moruo.

• Mathata : Letsete le kentsweng hang feela le leholo haholo, mme dikgwebo tse ding tse nyane le tse mahareng di ke ke tsa kgona ho le lefella. Tshebetso e rarahane, mme pulp e phekotsweng e ntse e na le bothata ba ho fihlella maemo a ho ntsha metsi.

Mokhoa oa ho senyeha ha tlhaho

Mokhoa oa ho senyeha ha tlhaho ke mokhoa oa ho hloekisa o senyang cyanide ho sebelisa lintho tsa tlhaho tse kang leseli. E kenyelletsa litlamorao tsa cyanide volatilization, decomposition, oxidation, degradation ea photochemical, biodegradation, precipitation, and adsorption, e leng phello ea phello e rarahaneng ea k'hemistri ea 'mele, photochemistry le biochemistry.

• Melemo : Mokhoa oa tlhaho oa ho hloekisa o ka finyella morero oa ho tlosa cyanide ntle le lisebelisoa kapa lik'hemik'hale leha e le life, kahoo litšenyehelo li tlase haholo.

• Mathata : Ts'ebetso ena e lieha haholo, 'me metsi a litšila a hloekisitsoeng a ke ke a fihlela maemo a ho ntša metsi.

Ea Bobeli - Mokhahlelo oa Pula

Mokhoa oa methati e 'meli oa pula ke mokhoa o sebetsang hantle o koetsoeng - loop e felletseng - mokhoa oa potoloho o ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa limela tse nyane le tse mahareng tsa khauta ea cyanidation tse nang le metsi a litšila a SCN⁻ a phahameng, a ka fihlelang "zero discharge" ea metsi a litšila. Mokhoa oa methati e 'meli oa pula o kenyelletsa ho kenyelletsa mokelikeli le oksijene e lekaneng ho cyanide metsing a litšila, ebe o tlosa cyanide ka liketso tse latelang holim'a thepa e nang le khauta.

2Cu⁺ + 2SCN⁻→Cu₂(SCN)₂↓

Ca²⁺ + SO₄²⁻→CaSO₄↓

Pb²⁺ + SO₄²⁻→PbSO₄↓

H⁺ + CN⁻→HCN

• Melemo : E ka tlosa li-ion tsa tšepe e boima ka har'a tharollo 'me ea etsa hore metsi a litšila a sebelisoe hape.

• Mathata : Mothati oa pele oa pula o lokela ho ba o phethehile. Ho seng joalo, ha ho eketsoa alkali, cuprous rhodanate e tla qhibiliha hape, e amang phello ea kalafo. CaSO₄ e sa neleng e ka baka ho thijoa ha valve.

Tsena ke mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila a cyanide limela tsa khauta tsa cyanidation. Ntle le mekhoa e ka holimo ea ho tlosa cyanide, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea cyanide ts'ebetsong ea khauta ea cyanidation ho ka boela ha fokotsa ho tsoa ha metsi a litšila a cyanide.