Ho Laola Maemo a Maikutlo ho Phekolo ea Metsi a Litšila ea Cyanide

Selelekela

Cyanide - e nang le metsi a litšila e hlahisoa ho tsoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa indasteri tse kang ho pola tšepe, mekotla ea tšepe - ho thatafatsa, le ho hloekisa ore ea khauta le silevera. Ka lebaka la chefo e phahameng ea Nako, e leng se ka bolaeang lintho tse phelang esita le sebakeng se tlaase, ho hloekisoa ka nepo ha metsi a joalo a litšila ke habohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetso phekolo ea metsi a litšila ea cyanide ke taolo e nepahetseng ea maemo a karabelo. Sehlooho sena se tla delve ka sehloohong itsoara joang ka maemo le kamoo ho ka laola nakong ea phekolo ea cyanide - e nang le metsi a litšila.

Taolo ea pH

Bohlokoa Mekhoeng e Fapaneng ea Kalafo

1.Alkaline Chlorination Process

• Alkaline chlorination ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila a cyanide, 'me taolo ea pH e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa. Karabelo ea phekolo e etsahala ka mehato e 'meli. Mokhahlelong oa pele, cyanide e oxidized ho cyanate ka sodium hypochlorite kapa motsoako oa khase ea chlorine le sodium hydroxide. Boemo bo nepahetseng ba pH bakeng sa mokhahlelo ona oa pele oa oxidation hangata bo pakeng tsa 10 le 11. Haeba pH e le tlase haholo, e fetoha asiti, karabelo e ka hlahisa chefo ea cyanogen chloride, e bakang kotsi e kholo. Mohlala, ha pH e theoha ka tlase ho 8. sena se kotsi ka - sehlahisoa se ka theha. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba pH e phahame haholo, sekhahla sa karabelo se tla fokotseha haholo. Litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa pH li ka ama ho qhibiliha le ho sebetsa hape ha li-reactants, ho etsa hore ts'ebetso ea oxidation e se sebetse hantle.

2.Hydrogen Peroxide Mokhoa

• Ka hydrogen peroxide - e thehiloeng phekolo ea cyanide metsi a litšila, optimal pH mefuta e fapaneng hangata larileng ka pakeng tsa 9 le 11. Ka mokhoa ona, hydrogen peroxide e bola ka ho ba teng ha catalyst (joaloka tšepe letsoai) ho hlahisa haholo reactive hydroxyl radicals hore oxidize cyanide. PH ka har'a mefuta ena e khothalletsa ho bola ha hydrogen peroxide le ho thehoa ha li-radicals tsena tsa bohlokoa. Haeba pH e le ka ntle ho sebaka sena, ho bola ha hydrogen peroxide ho tla thibeloa, ho fokotsa katleho ea oxidation ka kakaretso.

3.Ts'ebetso ea ho Fetola Lihloliloeng

• Bakeng sa biodegradation ea cyanide - e nang le metsi a litšila, moo likokoana-hloko li arolang cyanide linthong tse se nang kotsi, pH e hloka ho bolokoa pakeng tsa 6.5 le 8.5. Likokoana-hloko li na le pH e nepahetseng bakeng sa mesebetsi ea tsona ea metabolism. Haeba pH e le asiti haholo kapa e le alkaline haholo, e ka nyenyefatsa li-enzyme tse amehang ho cyanide - mekhoa e senyang ea metabolism ea likokoana-hloko. Mohlala, haeba pH e theoha ka tlase ho 6.5. cyanide tse ngata - libaktheria tse nyenyefatsang li tla ba le phokotseho ea sekhahla sa kholo ea tsona le cyanide - bokhoni bo nyenyefatsang.

Mekhoa ea ho fetola pH

Ho laola pH, lintho tse loketseng tsa asiti kapa tsa alkaline li kenngoa metsing a litšila. Li-acid tse tloaelehileng tse sebelisoang li kenyelletsa sulfuric acid le hydrochloric acid, ha li-alkali tse tloaelehileng ke sodium hydroxide le calcium hydroxide. Palo ea asiti kapa alkali e lokelang ho eketsoa e baloa ho ipapisitsoe le pH ea pele ea metsi a litšila le sepheo sa pH bakeng sa ts'ebetso e khethehileng ea kalafo. Tekanyo e nepahetseng ea pH e etsoa ho sebelisoa li-sensors tsa pH, 'me litsamaiso tse ikemetseng tsa dosing li ka sebelisoa ho kenyelletsa lik'hemik'hale tse hlokahalang ka nepo.

mocheso Control

Tšusumetso ho Litefiso tsa Maikutlo

1.Alkaline Chlorination le Hydrogen Peroxide Mekhoa

• Ka kakaretso, ho eketseha ha mocheso ka accelerate ditefello itsoara joang ka ka bobeli alkaline chlorination le peroxide hydrogen - thehiloeng kalafo. Leha ho le joalo, mocheso o hloka ho laoloa ka hloko. Ka alkaline chlorination, mocheso o nepahetseng oa mocheso o ka bang 20 - 30°C. Haeba mocheso o le tlase haholo, sekhahla sa karabelo se tla lieha, se tla fella ka oxidation e sa fellang ea cyanide. Mohlala, mochesong o ka tlase ho 15°C, karabelo lipakeng tsa cyanide le sodium hypochlorite e tla nka nako e telele ho fihlela pheletso. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba mocheso o phahame haholo, tabeng ea alkaline chlorination, khase ea chlorine e ka 'na ea baleha tharollo, e fokotsa katleho ea moemeli oa oxidizing. Ka mokhoa oa hydrogen peroxide, mocheso o ka holimo ho 35 ° C o ka baka ho senyeha ka potlako ha hydrogen peroxide, ho lebisa ho thehoeng ha khase ea oksijene ho e-na le li-radicals tse lakatsehang tsa hydroxyl bakeng sa oxidation ea cyanide.

2.Ts'ebetso ea ho Fetola Lihloliloeng

• Ho senyeha ha bioloji ea cyanide - e nang le metsi a litšila, mocheso o nepahetseng oa mefuta e mengata ea cyanide - likokoana-hloko tse senyang ke 20 - 35°C. Lithempereichara tse ka ntle ho sebaka sena li ka ba le tšusumetso e kholo mosebetsing oa likokoana-hloko. Ka mocheso o tlase (ka tlase ho 20 ° C), tekanyo ea metabolism ea likokoana-hloko e ea fokotseha, 'me e ka' na ea se ke ea khona ho senya cyanide ka katleho. Mocheso o phahameng (ka holimo ho 35°C) o ka senya lera la sele le li-enzyme tsa likokoana-hloko, e leng se lebisang lefung la lisele le tahlehelo ea matla a tsona a cyanide.

Mekhoa ea Taolo ea Mocheso

Ho boloka mocheso o nepahetseng, lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa kapa tse pholileng li ka kenngoa ka har'a li-reactor tsa metsi a litšila. Bakeng sa ho futhumatsa, lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa tse thehiloeng mouoane kapa li-heaters tsa motlakase li ka sebelisoa. Ha ho pholile, ho ka sebelisoa li-condensers tse pholileng tsa metsi - tse pholileng kapa moea - o pholileng. Mocheso o tsoela pele ho hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa li-sensors tsa mocheso, 'me lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa kapa tse pholileng li lokisoa ka tsela e nepahetseng ho boloka mocheso o le ka har'a sebaka se nepahetseng bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea phekolo.

Taolo ea Tekanyo ea Oxidant

Ho Khetha Chelete e Nepahetseng

1.Alkaline Chlorination

• Ka alkaline chlorination, palo ea oxidant (sodium hypochlorite kapa chlorine khase) e baloa ho latela karabelo ea stoichiometry le cyanide. Ha e le hantle, hangata ho eketsoa ka bongata ba oxidant, eo hangata e leng 10 - 20% ho feta tekano. Sena ke ho etsa bonnete ba hore cyanide e na le oxidation e felletseng, kaha ho ka ba le lintho tse ling metsing a litšila tse ka jang oxidant. Haeba tekanyo ea oxidant e le tlase haholo, cyanide e ke ke ea hloekisoa ka ho feletseng, 'me metsi a litšila a hloekisitsoeng a ntse a ka ba le litekanyo tse phahameng tsa chefo ea cyanide. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba tekanyo e phahame haholo, ha e eketse litšenyehelo tsa phekolo feela empa e ka boela ea lebisa ho thehoeng ha lintho tse sa batleheng - lihlahisoa, tse kang ho thibela likokoana-hloko tse kotsi ka - lihlahisoa ha chlorine e feteletseng e sebetsana le lintho tse ling tse phelang metsing a litšila.

2.Hydrogen Peroxide Mokhoa

• Mokhoeng oa phekolo ea hydrogen peroxide, tekanyo e nepahetseng ea hydrogen peroxide e khethoa ka tlhahlobo ea laboratori. Tekanyetso e ipapisitse le lintlha tse joalo ka bongata ba pele ba cyanide metsing a litšila, boteng ba lintho tse ling tse sitisang, le mofuta oa sesebelisoa se sebelisoang. Ho tšoana le alkaline chlorination, palo e sa lekaneng ea hydrogen peroxide e tla fella ka oxidation e sa fellang ea cyanide. Leha ho le joalo, palo e feteletseng ea hydrogen peroxide e ka baka ho bola ha li-radicals tse hlahisitsoeng tsa hydroxyl, ho fokotsa katleho ea kalafo ka kakaretso le ho eketsa litšenyehelo.

Thepa ea Taolo ea Tekanyo

Ho laola ka nepo tekanyo ea oxidant, hangata ho sebelisoa lipompo tsa metering. Lipompompo tsena li ka fana ka molumo o hlokahalang oa tharollo ea oxidant ka har'a mochini o hloekisang metsi a litšila. Sistimi ea taolo e ikemetseng e ka kopanngoa le lipompo tsa metering, tse lokisang litekanyetso ho ipapisitsoe le tlhahlobo ea nako ea 'nete ea mahloriso a cyanide metsing a litšila kapa tsoelo-pele ea karabelo ea oxidation (joalo ka tekanyo ea ORP, e tla tšohloa hamorao).

Oxidation - Taolo ea Matla a Phokotso (ORP).

Karolo ea ho Hlokomela Tsoelo-pele ea Boitšoaro

1.Alkaline Chlorination

• Ts'ebetsong ea chlorination ea alkaline, tlhahlobo ea ORP e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sala morao tsoelo-pele ea karabelo ea oxidation. Ha oxidation ea cyanide e ea ho cyanate ebe oxidation e eketsehileng ea cyanate ho lintho tse se nang kotsi e etsahala, boleng ba ORP ba metsi a litšila boa fetoha. Nakong ea pele - oxidation ea cyanide ho cyanate, ORP hangata ea eketseha. Sepheo sa ORP bakeng sa mokhahlelo ona ke hoo e ka bang 300 - 500 mV (ho itšetlehile ka maemo a itseng a karabelo). Ha ORP e fihla letotong lena, e bontša hore oxidation ea mohato oa pele e haufi le ho phethoa. Mokhahlelong oa bobeli - oxidation ea cyanate ho lintho tse se nang kotsi, ORP e ntse e eketseha, 'me sepheo sa sepheo hangata se haufi le 600 - 700 mV. Ka ho beha ORP leihlo, basebelisi ba ka tseba hore na ba emisa neng ho kenya oxidant, ba etsa bonnete ba hore karabelo e felile ntle le ho fetelletsa - oxidizing metsi a litšila kapa ho senya oxidant.

2.Hydrogen Peroxide Mokhoa

• Kalafo e thehiloeng ho hydrogen peroxide, ORP e boetse e sebetsa e le sesupo sa bohlokoa sa tsoelo-pele ea karabelo. ORP ea pele ea cyanide - e nang le metsi a litšila e batla e le tlase. Ha hydrogen peroxide e eketsoa le karabelo ea oxidation e tsoela pele, ORP ea eketseha. Sepheo sa ORP bakeng sa phekolo ea hydrogen peroxide ea metsi a litšila a cyanide hangata ke 400 - 500 mV. Ha ORP e fihla boleng bona, e fana ka maikutlo a hore cyanide e kentsoe oxidized ka mokhoa o se nang chefo.

ORP Monitoring and Control Systems

Li-sensor tsa ORP li sebelisoa ho lekola khafetsa boleng ba ORP ba metsi a litšila mochining oa kalafo. Li-sensor tsena li hokahane le sistimi ea taolo e ka hlophisoang ho lokisa tlatsetso ea oxidant. Ka mohlala, haeba ORP e le ka tlase ho tekanyo ea sepheo, tsamaiso ea taolo e ka eketsa tekanyo ea oxidant (e kang hydrogen peroxide kapa sodium hypochlorite) e kenngoa metsing a litšila. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba ORP e feta sebaka se lebeletsoeng, sistimi ea taolo e ka fokotsa kapa ea emisa tlatsetso ea oxidant.

fihlela qeto e

Ho laola maemo a karabelo kalafong ea metsi a litšila ea cyanide ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fihlela kalafo e sebetsang le e bolokehileng ea metsi ana a litšila a chefo haholo. Taolo e nepahetseng ea pH, mocheso, litekanyetso tsa oxidant, le ORP li ka etsa bonnete ba hore mokhoa oa phekolo o fetola ka nepo cyanide lintho tse chefo kapa tse seng chefo. Ka ho laola maemo ana a karabelo ka hloko, liindasteri ha li khone ho kopana le melaoana ea tikoloho feela empa hape le ho ntlafatsa litšenyehelo - katleho ea lits'ebetso tsa tsona tsa kalafo ea metsi a litšila a cyanide. Tlhokomelo ea kamehla le ho lokisoa ha mekhahlelo ena hoa hlokahala ho ikamahanya le mefuta e fapaneng ea sebopeho sa metsi a litšila le maemo a ts'ebetso ea setsi sa kalafo.