The activation and passivation effects of lead salts on the gold cyanidation process

Selelekela

Ho ntšoa ha khauta ka har'a mashala ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo indastering ea merafo bakeng sa ho ntša khauta mashaleng a eona. Ho eketsoa ha lik'hemik'hale tse itseng ho ka susumetsa haholo katleho ea ts'ebetso ena. Har'a lintho tsena tse eketsang, Lead Salts e bontšitse litlamorao tse rarahaneng, ka bobeli ho kenya tšebetsong le ho tima tšebetsong, karabelong ea Gold Cyanidation . Ho utloisisa litlamorao tsena ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa ho ntšoa ha khauta , ho fokotsa litšenyehelo le ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa tikoloho.

The Gold Cyanidation Process Basics

Ho ntšoa ha khauta ka har'a cyanidation, e tsejoang hape e le ts'ebetso ea MacArthur-Forrest, ho kenyelletsa karabelo ea khauta ka li-ion tsa cyanide moo oksijene e leng teng. Karabelo ena ea lik'hemik'hale e nolofalletsa khauta ho qhibiliha ho tloha matrix ea ore ho ea tharollong, e leng se lumellang hore e hlaphoheloe hamorao. Leha ho le joalo, boteng ba litšila tse fapaneng lerōleng le maemo a karabelo li ka ama hore na khauta e qhibiliha kapele hakae le ka botlalo.

Liphello tsa ts'ebetso ea Letsoai la Loto

Mokhoa oa Ts'ebetso

Karolo ea Catalytic ho Liphetoho tsa Electrochemical

Matsoai a loto a ka sebetsa joalo ka li-catalyst ts'ebetsong ea khauta ea cyanidation. Sebakeng se tlaase se nang le matla a mangata (- 0.35 V vs. Ag / AgCl), ho eketsa letsoai la lead ho bontšitsoe ho potlakisa ts'ebetso ea khauta ea leaching tharollong ea cyanide. Liteko tsa cyclic voltammetry (CV) li bonts'a hore lead e nka karolo ho karabelo ea electrochemical e hlahang bokaholimo ba khauta. Tlas'a maemo a cyanidation, khauta e etsa li-alloys tse nang le loto. Li-alloys tsena li theha lisele tse nyane tsa electrochemical holim'a khauta, moo ho kopana ha oxidation le phokotso ho etsahalang ka nako e le 'ngoe. Karabelo ea oxidation ho sebopeho sa khauta - alloy e khothalletsa ho putlama ha khauta, ha karabelo ea phokotso e kenyelletsa oksijene kapa lintho tse ling tsa oxidizing tharollong. Ketso ena ea electrochemical e potlakisa haholo lebelo la kakaretso ea ho qhibiliha ha khauta.

Thibelo ea Maikutlo a Litšila

Litšeng tse nang le koporo le litšila tse ling, letsoai la loto le phetha karolo e molemo. Liminerale tsa koporo ka har'a ore li ka ja cyanide le oksijene, li qothisana lehlokoa le karabelo ea khauta - cyanidation. Letsoai la loto le kopana le li-ion tsa koporo kapa liminerale tse nang le koporo, tse etsang metsoako e sa qhibiliheng e thibelang hore liminerale tsa koporo li se ke tsa qhibiliha. Sena se fokotsa bongata ba cyanide e jeoang ke koporo, e siea cyanide e ngata e fumaneha bakeng sa karabelo ea khauta - cyanidation mme kahoo e eketsa sekhahla sa ho tsoa ha khauta. Ka khauta e phahameng ea koporo - e nang le li-ores, ho eketsa letsoai la lead ho ile ha bonoa ho fokotsa palo ea koporo e qhibilihisitsoeng ka har'a tharollo ea cyanide, ho boloka tekanyo e ntle bakeng sa ho qhibiliha ha khauta.

Bopaki ba Teko ba Ts'ebetso

Lithuto tsa laboratori le tsa indasteri li tiisitse Tšusumetso ea Ts'ebetso ea letsoai la loto. Phuputsong e 'ngoe marung a nang le khauta a nang le galena ea 0.25%, ho eketsa letsoai la loto ho ntlafalitse haholo sekhahla sa ho ntša khauta. Mekhoa ea indasteri le eona e tšehetsa liphuputso tsena. Merafong e meng ea khauta, ha ho sebetsoa mefuta e itseng ea marung, ho eketsa letsoai le nepahetseng la loto ho fokolitse tšebeliso ea Sodium Cyanide ho tloha ho feta 12 kg/t ho ea tlase ho 5 kg/t 'me ho ekelitse sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ha khauta ho feta 98%.

Liphello tsa ho Deactivation tsa Letsoai la Loto

Maemo a ho Deactivation

Ho ba teng ha Silicate le Lead e itseng - Ho Bearing Minerals

Tlas'a maemo a itseng, haholo-holo boteng ba silicate le lead e khethehileng - e nang le liminerale, ho eketsa loto ho ka liehisa oxidation ea khauta. Ka bokhoni ba - 0.35 V (vs. Ag / AgCl), tekanyo eo khauta e qhibilihang ka eona e fokotseha. Lebaka le tobileng le rarahane, empa le ka kenyelletsa ho etsoa ha lifilimi tse ka holimo kapa ho sebelisana ha lintho tse loto le bokaholimo ba khauta, e thibelang li-ion tsa cyanide le oksijene ho fihla khauta. Mohlala, liminerale tse ling tse nang le loto li sebetsana le motsoako oa cyanide ho etsa metsoako e koahelang bokaholimo ba khauta, e sitisang tsoelopele e tloaelehileng ea karabelo ea cyanidation.

Phahameng - Sulfur Ores

Libakeng tse phahameng tsa sulfur ores, ho eketsa loto ho ka 'na ha se ke ha e-ba molemo ebile ho ka lebisa ho tima. Ha sebabole se ka har'a ore se phahame, liminerale tsa sulfide li na le oxidized ho elemental sulphur nakong ea ts'ebetso ea cyanidation. Sebabole sena sa mantlha se etsa lera holim'a khauta e thibelang ho sebetsana le cyanide - tharollo ea oksijene. Loto e ka khothaletsa oxidation ea liminerale tsa sulfide ho sebabole, ea thibela hape tšebetso ea khauta ea cyanidation mme ea baka ho theoha ho hoholo ha sekhahla sa ho qhibiliha ha khauta.

Bopaki ba Analytical of Deactivation

Tlhahlobo ea X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) e fana ka bopaki ba liphello tsa ho koala. Mehlala e tsoang lits'ebetsong tse phahameng tsa sulfur ore cyanidation le tlatsetso ea lead, pono ea XPS e bonts'a boteng ba sebabole - se nang le lintho tse holim'a khauta, se bonts'ang sebopeho sa lera le fetang la sebabole. Liteko tsa electrochemical li boetse li tiisa hore tekanyo ea oxidation ea khauta e fokotseha ka boteng ba silicate le liminerale tse nang le lead.

Lintlha tse Susumetsang Tekatekano lipakeng tsa Ts'ebetso le Ts'ebetso

Motsoako oa Letsoai la Loto

Palo ea letsoai la loto e kentsoeng tsamaisong ea cyanidation ke ea bohlokoa. Ha li le maemong a tlase, matsoai a loto hangata a na le ts'ebetso, a khothaletsa ho qhibiliha ha khauta. Empa haeba mahloriso a phahame haholo, a ka lebisa ho thehoeng ha lihlahisoa tse feteletseng tsa karabelo tse bakang ho koala. Mohlala, bongata bo feteletseng ba li-ion tsa loto bo ka fella ka ho na ha li-complex tsa lead - cyanide tse koahelang bokaholimo ba khauta le ho emisa tšebetso ea cyanidation.

Sebopeho sa Ore

Sebopeho sa ore, ho kenyelletsa le mefuta le palo ea liminerale tsa sulfide, silicates, le litšila tse ling, li etsa qeto ea hore na letsoai la loto le sebetsa e le li-activators kapa li-deactivators. Ores e nang le boleng bo phahameng ba liminerale tse itseng tsa sulfide, joalo ka pyrite sebakeng se phahameng sa sulfur ores, ho na le monyetla oa ho tima ha loto e eketsoa. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-ores tse nang le palo e kholo ea liminerale tsa koporo li ka rua molemo molemong oa ts'ebetso ea matsoai a loto.

Maemo a ho itšoara

Maemo a karabelo joalo ka mocheso, pH, le bongata ba oksijene le cyanide tharollong le tsona li ama ts'ebetso le litlamorao tsa ho koala letsoai la lead. Mocheso o phahameng o ka potlakisa liketso tse molemo le tse kotsi tse amanang le loto. PH ea tharollo e ama kamoo loto le li-ion tse ling tsa tšepe li leng teng, ho susumetsa litšebelisano tsa tsona le khauta le liminerale tse ling. Motsoako o lekaneng oa oksijene oa hlokahala hore karabelo ea khauta - cyanidation e tsoele pele ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, 'me letsoai la loto le ka sebelisana le oksijene ka mekhoa e fapaneng ho latela maemo, e ka ba ho matlafatsa kapa ho thibela karabelo.

fihlela qeto e

Letsoai la lead le na le litlamorao tsa ho kenya tšebetsong le ho tima tšebetsong ea khauta ea cyanidation. Litlamorao tsa ts'ebetso, joalo ka ho susumetsa karabelo ea electrochemical le ho fokotsa tšitiso ea litšila, li ka ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea ho ntšoa ha khauta. Leha ho le joalo, tlas'a maemo a itseng, joalo ka boteng ba silicate, liminerale tse nang le loto e khethehileng, kapa li-sulphur ores tse phahameng, matsoai a loto a ka etsa hore a sebetse ka ho fokotsa oxidation ea khauta kapa ho etsa mekhahlelo e thibelang holim'a khauta. Ho utloisisa lintlha tse susumetsang litlamorao tsena, ho kenyelletsa le letsoai la lead, sebopeho sa ore, le maemo a karabelo, ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sebelisa matsoai a loto ka katleho ho cyanidation ea khauta. Ka ho laola lintlha tsena ka hloko, indasteri ea merafo e ka khona ho ntlafatsa ho ntšoa ha khauta, ea fokotsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa, ea eketsa phaello, le ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa tikoloho. Lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang li ka tsepamisa maikutlo ho theheng mefuta e nepahetseng haholoanyane ho bolela esale pele boitšoaro ba letsoai le etellang pele maemong a fapaneng a ts'ebetso le ho fumana mekhoa e mecha ea ho loants'a litlamorao tsa ho koala.