Ho Fokotsa Tšebeliso ea Sodium Cyanide ka Khauta ea Concentrate Leaching

Selelekela

Ka indasteri ea merafo ea khauta, the mokhoa oa cyanidation e sebedisoang haholo bakeng sa ho ntsha kgauta ho tloha kgauta e tsepamisitse maikutlos. Sodium cyanide e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ena kaha e sebetsana le khauta ho etsa li-complex tsa khauta tse qhibilihang tsa cyanide, tse ka sebelisoang hape bakeng sa ho khutlisa khauta. Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso e phahameng ea sodium cyanide ha e nyolle litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso feela empa hape e phahamisa mathata a bohlokoa a tikoloho ka lebaka la chefo ea cyanide. Ka hona, ho fumana mekhoa e metle ea ho theola boima ba 'mele Sodium cyanide ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso ea khauta e ts'oara e na le bohlokoa bo boholo molemong oa mabaka a moruo le a tikoloho.

Lintlha tse Amang Tšebeliso ea Sodium Cyanide

Mineralogy of Gold Concentrate

Ho hlophisoa ha khauta ho na le tšusumetso e kholo ho Sodium cyanide tshebediso. Liminerale tse kang pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, le liminerale tse ling tsa sulfide li ka itšoara ka cyanide le oksijene nakong ea leaching. Ka mohlala, pyrite e ka ba oxidized ka pel'a oksijene le cyanide, e lebisang ho thehoeng ha mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea tšepe-cyanide complexes le ho ja cyanide ts'ebetsong. Ho feta moo, liminerale tsa koporo le tsona li ka baka tšebeliso e ngata ea cyanide. Koporo e etsa li-complexes tse tsitsitseng tsa cyanide, 'me ha ho e-na le koporo e ngata ka har'a tharollo ea leaching, motsoako oa sodium cyanide o hloka ho eketsoa ho boloka ts'ebetso ea khauta, e leng ho eketsang ts'ebeliso ea cyanide.

Leaching Conditions

boleng ba pH

PH ea leaching slurry ke ntlha ea bohlokoa. Cyanide e teng ka mefuta e fapaneng maemong a fapaneng a pH. Ka pH e tlase, cyanide e ka hydrolyze ho etsa hydrogen cyanide, ntho e sa fetoheng le e kotsi. Ho thibela sena, pH ea sistimi ea leaching hangata e bolokoa e le holimo, hangata ho pota 10 - 11.5. Empa pH e phahameng haholo e ka ama ts'ebetso ea leaching hampe, joalo ka ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme tse itseng kapa ho baka pula ea li-ion tsa tšepe, tse ka amang ts'ebetso ea leaching le ho eketsa ts'ebeliso ea cyanide.

Phepelo ea Aeration le Oksijene

Phepelo e lekaneng ea oksijene e bohlokoa bakeng sa oxidation ea khauta le ho theheng ha metsoako ea khauta-cyanide. Aeration e sa lekaneng kapa maemo a tlase a oksijene a ka liehisa karabelo ea leaching, e bakang ho ntšoa ho sa phetheheng le ho ka 'nang ha qobella ho eketsoa ha cyanide e ngata ho fihlela litholoana tse ntle. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, aeration e feteletseng e ka lebisa ho oxidation e sa hlokahaleng ea liminerale tse ling ka har'a concentrate, hape e tsamaisang tšebeliso ea cyanide.

Mekhoa ea ho Fokotsa Tšebeliso ea Sodium Cyanide

Pretreatment of Gold Concentrate

Phekolo ea Oxidative

Mekhoa ea pele ea oxidative e ka felisa kapa ea fetola liminerale tse jang cyanide ka har'a mohopolo oa khauta. Ho chesa ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng, moo ho futhumatsa mohopolo ka pel'a oksijene oxidize liminerale tsa sulfide le ho fetola liminerale tse nang le tšepe hore e be mefuta e tsitsitseng haholoanyane, ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea tsona ka cyanide nakong ea leaching e latelang. Leha ho le joalo, ho halika ho na le mathata a kang tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla le tšilafalo e ka bang teng ea tikoloho. Bio-oxidation, ka ho sebelisa likokoana-hloko tse kang Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, ke mokhoa o bonolo, o bolokang matla haholoanyane, 'me o sebelisana le tikoloho. E khetha oxidizes liminerale tsa sulfide, ka mokhoa o hlakileng e tlosa tse jang cyanide le ho theola tlhoko ea sodium cyanide ho leaching.

Flotation bakeng sa Ho Tlosa Koporo

Ha khauta e tsitsitse e na le palo e kholo ea liminerale tsa koporo, flotation e ka sebelisoa e le mohato oa pele ho kalafo. Ka ho arola liminerale tsa koporo ho tloha karolong e nang le khauta, e fokotsa haholo tšebeliso ea cyanide e bakoang ke sebopeho se rarahaneng sa koporo-cyanide. Metsoako e setseng e nang le khauta e ngata e ka kenngoa leaching ea cyanide ka tekanyo e tlase ea sodium cyanide.

Ntlafatso ea Maemo a Leaching

Ho laola pH

Ho boloka pH e nepahetseng le e tsitsitseng ho bohlokoa. Kalaka hangata e sebelisoa ho lokisa pH ea leaching slurry. Ha e phahamise pH feela ho thibela cyanide hydrolysis empa hape e thusa ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea cyanide ka ho susumetsa sekhahla sa ho tsoa ha koporo le ho thibela ho etsoa ha metsoako e itseng e jang cyanide. Leha ho le joalo, palo ea kalaka e lokela ho laoloa ka hloko, kaha kalaka e feteletseng e ka etsa hore ho be le pula ea li-ion tsa tšepe tse molemo kapa ho eketsa viscosity ea slurry, ho thibela ho ata ha reactant. Lipatlisiso tsa liteko li bontša hore ho eketsa kalaka e ka bang 1 - 2 kg/t ho fetola pH ho ea ho 10.5 - 11.5 hangata ho finyella liphello tse ntle ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea cyanide ha ho ntse ho bolokoa litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa ho tsoa ha khauta.

Optimizing Aeration

Ho netefatsa hore khauta e tsoa ka nepo ka sodium cyanide e nyane, sekhahla sa moea se hloka ho ntlafatsoa. Boholo ba limela tsa khauta tsa cyanidation li sebelisa li-compressor tsa moea tse nang le khatello e tlase, tse se nang oli bakeng sa phepelo ea moea. Mekhoa e kang ho kenya sekoti se nang le lesoba le lenyane qetellong ea phala ea phepelo ea moea ho etsa lipululana tse ngata tse bophara bo nyane li ka eketsa sebaka sa ho ikopanya lipakeng tsa oksijene le seretse sa leaching, sa ntlafatsa katleho ea oxidation ea khauta le ho fokotsa tšebeliso e sa hlokahaleng ea cyanide. Ho kenya valve ea ho hlahloba ho thibela moea o khutlela morao ho boetse ho tsitsisa tsamaiso ea aeration. Ho fetola sekhahla sa moea ho latela litšoaneleho tsa concentrate le maemo a ho lutla ho thusa ho boloka moea oa oksijene o le teng sebakeng se seretse, ho khothalletsa ho tsoa ha khauta le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea cyanide.

Tšebeliso ea li-additives

Li-additives tse thehiloeng pele

Ho kenyelletsa li-additives tse nang le lead, joalo ka lead nitrate, pele cyanide leaching e ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide. Li-ion tsa loto li sebetsana le litšila tse joalo ka li-ion tsa sulfide tse ka har'a khauta ea khauta ho theha metsi a sa qhibiliheng, ho fokotsa tšitiso ea tsona ts'ebetsong ea leaching le ts'ebeliso ea cyanide. Ka mohlala, ha ore ore ea khauta e nang le liminerale tse phahameng tsa sulfide, ho eketsa 300 - 600 g/t ea nitrate ea lead hammoho le alkali pretreatment bakeng sa lihora tse 2 - 3 ho ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide ho tloha ho 2500 - 3000 g/t ho ea ho 1200 - 1500 g/t le ho eketsa sekhahla sa khauta sa 2% -4%.

Li-Alternative Lixiviants kapa Additives

Li-lixiviants tse ling kapa li-additives li ka sebelisoa le cyanide ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea cyanide ka kakaretso. Glycine, amino acid e se nang chefo, e ka sebelisoang hape, ebile e ka bola, ke khetho e 'ngoe e joalo. Maemong a mang, theknoloji ea glycine-based leaching e fihletse phokotso e kholo ea cyanide ha e ntse e boloka litekanyetso tsa ho khutlisa khauta tse ts'oanang le mekhoa ea setso ea cyanidation. Ho kenyelletsa li-surfactants tse ikhethileng ho ka boela ha ntlafatsa ho koloba ha likaroloana tsa khauta le ho ata ha li-reactants ho leaching slurry, ho ka thusang ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide ho isa bohōleng bo itseng.

fihlela qeto e

Ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide ts'ebetsong ea khauta ea concentrate leaching ke mosebetsi o rarahaneng empa o bohlokoa. Ka ho utloisisa lintlha tse susumetsang ts'ebeliso ea cyanide le ho kenya ts'ebetsong maano a joalo ka kalafo ea pele, ho ntlafatsa maemo a leaching, le ho sebelisa li-additives, phokotso e kholo ea ts'ebeliso ea sodium cyanide e ka fihlelleha. Sena se thusa likhoebo tsa meepo ea khauta moruong ka ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso le ho fokotsa likotsi tsa tikoloho tse amanang le tšebeliso ea cyanide. Lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele le mekhoa e mecha sebakeng sena li lebelletsoe ho fana ka litholoana tse ntle le tse baballang tikoloho ho ntsha kgauta lits'ebetso nakong e tlang.