Mokhoa oa sodium thiosulfate ho phekola chefo ea cyanide ke ofe?

Chefo ea cyanide ke boemo bo tebileng le bo sokelang bophelo bo hlokang tlhokomelo ea bongaka hanghang. Sodium thiosulfate ke e 'ngoe ea litlhare tsa bohlokoa tse sebelisoang ho phekola Chefo ea Cyanide. Sengoliloeng sena se tla hlahloba ts'ebetso e qaqileng ea hore na joang Thiosulfate ea sodium sebetsa ho loantša litlamorao tsa cyanide.

Ho utloisisa Chefo ea Cyanide

Cyanide ke ntho e chefo haholo. Ha e kena 'meleng, e potlakela ho ikarola ho li-ion cyanide (CN⁻). Li-ion tsena li na le kamano e phahameng bakeng sa ferric ion (Fe³⁺) ho cytochrome oxidase, enzyme ea bohlokoa bakeng sa phefumoloho ea lisele. Ka ho tlama cytochrome oxidase, cyanide e thibela ketane ea lipalangoang tsa elektronike, e thibela lisele ho sebelisa oksijene ka katleho. Ka lebaka leo, lisele ha li khone ho hlahisa adenosine triphosphate (ATP), chelete ea matla ea sele, e lebisang lefung le potlakileng la lisele. Matšoao a chefo ea cyanide a ka kopanyelletsa ho tšoaroa ke hlooho, ho tsekela, ho hema ka potlako, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa, ’me maemong a matla, ho lahleheloa ke kelello, ho tsietsana le lefu.

Karolo ea Sodium Thiosulfate ka Phekolo

Mokhoa oa Khato

Sodium thiosulfate e sebetsa joalo ka mofani oa sebabole. Ka pel'a enzyme ea rhodanese, e teng ka har'a sebete le lisele tse ling, sodium thiosulfate e sebetsana le li-ion tsa cyanide. Athomo ea sebabole e tsoang ho sodium thiosulfate e fetisetsoa ho ion ea cyanide, e e fetola thiocyanate (SCN⁻). Thiocyanate ha e chefo haholo ho feta cyanide mme e ka ntšoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ho tsoa 'meleng ka liphio.

Karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale e ka emeloa ka tsela e latelang:

CN⁻ + Na₂S₂O₃ → SCN⁻ + Na₂SO₃

Ts'ebetso ena ea ho sokoloha e thusa ho fokotsa bongata ba li-ion tse chefo tsa cyanide 'meleng, e leng ho lumellang phefumoloho e tloaelehileng ea cellular hore e qale hape.

Tsamaiso ka Phekolo

Ha ho phekoloa chefo ea cyanide, sodium thiosulfate hangata e tsamaisoa ka methapo. Ho batho ba baholo, tekanyo e tloaelehileng ea pele ke 12.5 - 25 dikgerama (hangata e le tharollo ea 25% - 50%). Hangata sena se lateloa ke litekanyetso tse eketsehileng ha ho hlokahala, ho itšetlehile ka ho teba ha chefo le karabelo ea mokuli. Ka mohlala, maemong a mang, tekanyo ea bobeli ea 25 - 50 grams (50% tharollo) e ka fanoa, kapa tekanyo e ka baloa ho latela boima ba 'mele oa mokuli ho 0.5 - 1 gram ka kilogram ea boima ba' mele.

Ho bana, tekanyo e baloa ho latela boima ba 'mele, hangata ho 250 - 500 milligrams ka kilogram. Meriana e fanoa butle-butle ho qoba litla-morao tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng tse kang hypotension (khatello e tlaase ea mali), e ka hlahang haeba e kenngoa ka potlako haholo.

Motsoako le Liphekolo Tse Ling

Sodium thiosulfate hangata e sebelisoa hammoho le liphekolo tse ling bakeng sa chefo ea cyanide. E 'ngoe ea metsoako e tloaelehileng ke ea nitrite, e kang sodium nitrite kapa amyl nitrite. Nitrites e sebetsa ka ho fetola hemoglobin ho methemoglobin. Methemoglobin e na le kamano e phahameng ea li-ion tsa cyanide ho feta cytochrome oxidase. Kahoo, ha methemoglobin e thehoa 'meleng, li-ion tsa cyanide li tla ikamahanya le eona, li lokolle cytochrome oxidase le ho lumella ho hema ha lisele ho qala hape. Leha ho le joalo, cyanide - methemoglobin complex ha e tsitsa, 'me cyanide e ka khutlisetsoa maling ha nako e ntse e ea. Mona ke moo sodium thiosulfate e kenang teng. Ka ho fetola cyanide e tsoang ho cyanide - methemoglobine hore e be thiocyanate, sodium thiosulfate e fana ka tharollo ea nako e telele ho tlosa cyanide 'meleng.

Ho phaella ho nitrites, phekolo e meng ea tšehetso e boetse e fanoa. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa pheko e phahameng ea oksijene ho ntlafatsa phano ea oksijene liseleng, hammoho le mehato ea ho laola matšoao a kang ho tsietsana, hypotension, le ho se leka-lekane ha acid-base hangata ho tsamaeang le chefo ea cyanide.

Tlhokomelo le ho Latela

Kamora ho tsamaisoa ha sodium thiosulfate le liphekolo tse ling bakeng sa chefo ea cyanide, bakuli ba hloka ho beoa leihlo ka hloko. Bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba tla hlahloba matšoao a bohlokoa a kang lebelo la pelo, khatello ea mali, lebelo la ho phefumoloha, le ho phalla ha oksijene kamehla. Liteko tsa mali li ka etsoa ho lekanya maemo a cyanide, thiocyanate, le matšoao a tšenyo ea lisele. Ho feta moo, boemo ba methapo ea mokuli bo tla shejoa ka hloko, kaha chefo ea cyanide e ka baka tšenyo e kholo tsamaisong ea methapo e bohareng.

Tlhokomelo ea morao-rao le eona e bohlokoa. Le haeba mokuli a bonahala a hlaphohetsoe qalong, ho ka ba le litlamorao tsa nako e telele joalo ka bofokoli ba methapo ea kutlo kapa tšenyo ea setho. Ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore ho etsoe liteko khafetsa le mehato e nepahetseng ea ho khutlisa bophelo ho etsa bonnete ba hore mokuli o fumana liphello tse ntle ka ho fetisisa.

Qetellong, sodium thiosulfate e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa kalafong ea chefo ea cyanide ka ho fetola li-ion tsa cyanide tse chefo haholo hore e be thiocyanate e seng chefo. Tšebeliso ea eona, hammoho le mekhoa e meng ea phekolo le tlhokomelo e nepahetseng, e ka ntlafatsa haholo menyetla ea ho phela le ho hlaphoheloa ho bakuli ba nang le chefo ea cyanide.