Ukujongana noSetyenziso oluBanzi lweSodium Cyanide kuMgodi weGolide

Kwishishini lemigodi yegolide, inkqubo ye-cyanidation ihlala ililitye lembombo lokukhupha igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. Nangona kunjalo, umba wokugqithisa Isodium cyanide ukusetyenziswa ngexesha Umgodi wegolide uvuza ayigcini nje ngokunyusa iindleko zokusebenza kodwa ikwabeka imingcipheko ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo nokhuseleko. Esi sithuba sebhlog sihlola oonobangela, iindlela ezisebenzayo zokubona, kunye nezisombululo ezisebenzayo zokujongana nale ngxaki ixhaphakileyo.

Ukuqonda Oonobangela

1. Iimpawu zeOre

• IMineraloji entsonkothileyo: I-Ores enemicu yeminerali eyinkimbinkimbi inokubangela ukuba phezulu i-cyanide ukusetyenziswa. Iiminerali ze-sulfide, umzekelo, zisabela nge-cyanide, zenza iikhompawundi ze-thiocyanate. I-Arsenopyrite kunye ne-pyrrhotite kwi-ore inokutya i-cyanide ngokusebenzisa i-oxidation kunye ne-complexation reactions, ukuyiphambukisa kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide.

• Umxholo weCarbon ephezulu: Intsimbi ekrwada yeCarbonaceous iqulethe izinto eziphilayo ezibhengeza igolide-cyanide complexes, into eyaziwa ngokuba "preg-robbing." Oku kunyanzelisa ukongezwa kwe-cyanide eninzi ukubuyisela ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa okulahlekileyo, okukhokelela ekubeni Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo.

2. Imiba yokuSebenza

• UkuNganelanga ukuNgxalathela: Ukuxuba okungonelanga ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca kukhokelela ekudibaneni kakubi phakathi kwe-ore kunye nesisombululo se-cyanide. Oku kuthintela ukunyibilika kwegolide kwaye kukhuthaza abaqhubi ukuba bongeze ngakumbi icyanide ngethemba lokuphucula amazinga okutsalwa.

• Amanqanaba e-pH asezantsi: I-Cyanidation ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-pH, kunye noluhlu olufanelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-10.5 kunye ne-11.5. I-pH engaphantsi kolu luhlu ibangela ukuba i-cyanide iguqukele kwigesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, inciphisa ukufumaneka kwayo ekunyibilikeni kwegolide. Kwelinye icala, i-pH ephezulu kakhulu inokudodobalisa isisombululo secyanide, ikwanegalelo ekwandeni kokusetyenziswa.

3. Umgangatho waManzi

• Amanzi anzima: Amanzi anemilinganiselo ephezulu ye-calcium, i-magnesium, kunye nezinye i-ion zetsimbi zinokusabela nge-cyanide, zenze ii-complexes ze-cyanide zetsimbi ezingenayo. Oku kusabela kuphelisa i-cyanide kwisisombululo se-leaching, kufuna ukongezwa kwe-cyanide eyongezelelweyo.

• Umxholo we-Oxygen ochithwe: Nangona i-oksijini ibalulekile kwi-oxidation yegolide ngexesha le-cyanidation, amanqanaba agqithisileyo anokunyusa i-oxidation ye-cyanide ngokwayo, ekhokelela ekuthotyweni kwayo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwanda kokusetyenziswa.

Iindlela zokufumanisa

1. Ukwenziwa kweSampulu rhoqo kunye nokuHlalutya

Ukuqokelela iisampulu zesisombululo se-leaching kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo enkqubo, kubandakanywa ukutya, okuphakathi, kunye namanqaku okukhupha. Hlalutya ezi sampuli zoxinaniso lwecyanide usebenzisa iindlela ezifana ne-titration, i-ion chromatography, okanye i-colorimetric assays. Ukuthelekisa amanqanaba e-cyanide alinganisiweyo kunye nexabiso lethiyori kunokunceda ukuchonga iipatheni zokusetyenziswa okungaqhelekanga.

2. IiParameters zeNkqubo yokuJonga

Hlala ubeka iliso kwiiparamitha eziphambili zokusebenza njenge-pH, ubushushu, isantya sokuphazamiseka, kunye nomxholo weoksijini. Ukuphambuka kuluhlu olufanelekileyo kunokubonisa imiba enokuthi ibe negalelo ekusetyenzisweni okugqithisileyo kwecyanide. Sebenzisa iinkqubo zokubeka iliso ezizenzekelayo ezinokuthi zibangele ii-alamu xa iiparamitha zilahlekile kwimida emiselweyo.

3. Ubume bentsimbi

Yenza uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwemineralogical kunye neekhemikhali zeebhetshi zentsimbi ekrwada ezingenayo. I-X-ray diffraction (XRD), ukuskena i-electron microscopy (SEM), kunye ne-atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) inokubonelela ngengqiqo ekubunjweni kwe-ore, inceda ukuqikelela ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kunye nokulungelelanisa inkqubo yokukhupha ngokufanelekileyo.

Izisombululo ezisebenzayo

1. Unyango lwangaphambili lwentsimbi

• Unyango lwe-Oxidative: Kwi-ores equkethe iiminerali ze-sulfide, iindlela zokulungiswa kwangaphambili kwe-oxidative ezifana nokutshisa, i-oxidation yoxinzelelo, okanye i-bio-oxidation ingasetyenziswa. Ezi nkqubo ziqhekeza iiminerali ze-sulfide, zinciphisa ukusebenza kwazo kwakhona nge-cyanide kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide.

• Ukususwa kweKhabhoni: Kwindaba ye ICarboniintsimbi ze-aceous, i-pre-leaching nge-activated carbon okanye ezinye izinto ezisusa ikhabhoni zinokunceda ekupheliseni isiphumo sokubiwa kwegolide. Oku kuvumela i-cyanide ukuba igxile ekunyibilikiseni igolide endaweni yokutyiwa yi-carbonaceous matter.

2. UPhuculo lweNkqubo

• Ukuphazamiseka kunye noLungiso lwe-Aeration: Qinisekisa ukuphazanyiswa okufanelekileyo kunye namanqanaba omoya ukukhuthaza ukuxuba okufanayo kunye nokudluliselwa kwe-oksijini efanelekileyo. Ukuqhuba iimvavanyo zokulinga ukufumanisa isantya esifanelekileyo sokushukuma kunye nesantya somoya kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi kunye neemeko zokuvuza.

• Ulawulo lwe-pH: Faka iinkqubo zokulawula i-pH ezizenzekelayo ezinokulungisa ngokuchanekileyo i-pH yesisombululo se-leaching. Sebenzisa i-lime okanye i-sodium hydroxide ukugcina i-pH ngaphakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo, ukuthintela ukuthotywa kwe-cyanide kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchithwa kwegolide okusebenzayo.

3. Unyango lwaManzi

• Ukuthambisa: Phatha inkqubo yamanzi ukususa iiyoni ezibangela ubulukhuni. I-ion exchange resins okanye i-lime softening ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-calcium kunye ne-magnesium ion, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwabo kwisisombululo se-cyanide.

• Ulawulo lweoksijini: Lungiselela unikezelo lwe-oksijini kwinkqubo ye-leaching. Sebenzisa izinzwa ze-oksijini ukujonga kunye nokulawula umxholo we-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo, uqinisekise ukuba yanele i-oxidation yegolide kodwa ingagqithisi kakhulu ukubangela ukuthotywa kwe-cyanide.

4. Ulawulo lweReagent

• ICyanide Substitutes: Phonononga ukusetyenziswa kwezinye ii-reagents zokuvuza ezifana ne-thiosulfate, i-thiourea, okanye i-chloride-based solutions. Ezi zinto zithatha indawo zinokubonelela ngempembelelo ephantsi yokusingqongileyo kunye namazinga asezantsi osetyenziso xa kuthelekiswa nawo Isodium cyanide, ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezithile ze-ore.

• I-Recycling ye-Recycling: Ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zokubuyisela i-cyanide kunye nokuhlaziya. Itekhnoloji efana notshintshiselwano lwe-ion, i-electrowinning, kunye ne-membrane filtration inokusetyenziselwa ukubuyisela kunye nokusebenzisa kwakhona i-cyanide ukusuka kwi-leaching tailings, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye nokuveliswa kwenkunkuma.

Amanyathelo okukhusela

1. Uqeqesho lwabasebenzi

Ukubonelela ngoqeqesho olubanzi kubasebenzi basezimayini kunye nokulungiswa kweenkqubo ze-cyanidation, ukusebenza kwezixhobo kunye nokugcinwa. Abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kakuhle banokuthi bachonge kwaye balungise imiba ngokukhawuleza, beqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokufundisa iqhuba kakuhle nangempumelelo.

2. Uhlalutyo lwedatha kunye neModeli

Sebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlalutya idatha kunye neendlela zokwenza imodeli ukuhlalutya idatha yembali kunye nexesha langempela. Ngokuchonga iintsingiselo kunye nolungelelwaniso, abaqhubi banokuqikelela iingxaki ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kwaye bathathe amanyathelo okuzithintela.

3. UPhicotho lwarhoqo kunye noHlolo

Ukuqhuba rhoqo uphicotho lwangaphakathi nangaphandle lwenkqubo ye-cyanidation. Olu phicotho lunokunceda ekuchongeni iindawo zokuphucula, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko, kunye nokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza kwegolide.

Ukuqukumbela, ukuthetha ngokugqithisileyo sodium cyanide Ukusetyenziswa kwimigodi yegolide evuzayo kufuna indlela eneenkalo ezininzi equka ukuqonda oonobangela, ukuphumeza iindlela ezisebenzayo zokubona, ukusebenzisa izisombululo ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela. Ngokwenza njalo, iinkampani zemigodi azinako ukunciphisa iindleko kuphela kodwa zikwandise ukuzinza kokusingqongileyo kwimisebenzi yazo yokukhutshwa kwegolide.