Inceda njani i-sodium cyanide kwimigodi yegolide?

Kwinkqubo entsonkothileyo kunye nemithombo - enzulu ye Ukumbiwa kweGolide, Isodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo nesoloko ingaqondwa kakuhle. Eli nqaku lijolise ekuchazeni ngokubanzi ukuba le khompawundi yemichiza inegalelo njani ekutsalweni kwegolide kwiintsimbi zayo.

Umgaqo weSodium Cyanide kwi-Gold Extraction

Igolide, kwimo yayo yendalo, ihlala ikhona kwi-ores yomgangatho ophantsi, okwenza kube nzima ukwahlula kumatye ajikelezileyo kunye neeminerali. Isodium i-cyanide (NaCN) iphendula ngegolide kwinkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba Cyanidation. Iiyoni ze-cyanide ngaphakathi sodium cyanide yenza i-complex ezinzileyo kunye neeyoni zegolide. Ukusabela kweekhemikhali kunokubonakaliswa nje ngolu hlobo:

4Au + 8NaCN+O_{2}+2H_{2}O\rightarrow4Na[Au(CN)_{2}]+4NaOH

Le ntshukumo ikhetha ukunyibilikisa igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada, isahlule kwi-ganggue (iiminerali ezingafunwayo namatye). Isiphumo segolide - icyanide complex, [Au(CN)_{2}]^{-}, iyanyibilika emanzini, nto leyo engundoqo ekwahlukaneni kwayo namanye amacandelo entsimbi.

Inkqubo yokusebenzisa iSodium Cyanide kwiMigodi yeGolide

1. Ukulungiselela intsimbi: Okokuqala, igolide egayiweyo - i-ore ethwele i-ore iyatyunyuzwa kwaye igutywe ibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo. Oku kwandisa ummandla wentsimbi ekrwada, kuvumela unxibelelwano olusebenzayo ngakumbi phakathi kwamasuntswana egolide kunye ne Isodium cyanide isisombululo.

2. Leaching: I-ore engumgubo ifakwa kwiitanki ezinkulu okanye iimfumba, kwaye isisombululo se-sodium cyanide sitshizwa okanye sihlanjululwe ngayo. Isinyibiliko secyanide siyinyibilikisa kancinane igolide kwixesha elinokususela kwiiyure ezininzi ukuya kwiintsuku eziliqela, kuxhomekeka kubume bentsimbi ekrwada.

3. UkuBuyiswa kweGold-Cyanide Complex: emva kokuba UkuFunda inkqubo, isisombululo esiqulethe igolide - i-cyanide complex ihlukaniswe kwi-residu eqinile (ganggue). Oku kuqhele ukwenziwa ngeendlela ezinje ngokucoca okanye ukucolwa kwentlenga.

4. Imvula yeGolide: Ukufumana igolide ecocekileyo kwigolide - isisombululo esiyinkimbinkimbi se-cyanide, i-agent yokunciphisa, njengothuli lwe-zinc, yongezwa. I-zinc isusa igolide kwi-complex, ibangela ukuba igolide ikhuphe njengento eqinile. Ukusabela kweekhemikhali ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

2Na[Au(CN)_{2}]+Zn\rightarrow2Au + Na_{2}[Zn(CN)_{4}]

Igolide eyomileyo iye iphuculwe ngakumbi ngokweenkqubo ezinjengokunyibilikiswa ukuze kufumaneke imivalo yegolide esulungekileyo.

Izinto eziluncedo zokuSebenzisa iSodium Cyanide kwiMigodi yeGolide

1. Ukusebenza ngokuphezulu: I-cyanidation yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokukhupha igolide kwi-ores yomgangatho ophantsi. Inokubuyisela umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wegolide ekhoyo kwintsimbi ekrwada, kaninzi ifikelela kumazinga okubuyisela ama-80 - 95% kwimisebenzi ephuculwe kakuhle.

2. Ukhetho: I-sodium cyanide ibonisa iqondo eliphezulu lokukhetha kwigolide. Ngokukhethekileyo isabela ngegolide kunezinye iiminerali ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezifumaneka kwintsimbi ekrwada yegolide, enceda ekwahluleni igolide kumxube ontsonkothileyo wezinto ngokulula.

3. Iindleko - Ukusebenza kakuhle: Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokutsalwa kwegolide ezizezinye, ezinjengokumanyaniswa kwemekyuri (enomngcipheko omkhulu wokusingqongileyo nempilo) okanye ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi kunye neenkqubo zemichiza ezinamandla, icyanidation kusetyenziswa isodiyam cyanide inexabiso eliphantsi - isebenza kakuhle, ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yemigodi emikhulu.

Iingqwalasela zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko

Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwimigodi yegolide akukho mpikiswano. Isodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu. Nakuphi na ukuvuza okanye ukuphathwa ngokungafanelekanga kwezisombululo ze-sodium cyanide kunokubangela ingozi enkulu kwindalo kunye nempilo yabantu. Kwimeko yokuchitheka, icyanide inokungcolisa umhlaba, imithombo yamanzi, kwaye yenzakalise ubomi basemanzini. Ukunciphisa le mingcipheko, iinkampani zemigodi zisebenzisa imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko. Oku kubandakanya ukufakwa kabini komgca wogcino kunye namachibi avuzayo, ukujonga ngokuqhubekayo amanqanaba e-cyanide kwimijelo yenkunkuma, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendlela zonyango eziphambili zokukhupha i-cyanide - equlethe inkunkuma ngaphambi kokulahlwa. Ukongeza, iinzame ziyenziwa ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezizezinye, ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo zokutsalwa kwegolide, kodwa okwangoku, icyanidation enesodium cyanide iseyeyona ndlela iphambili kwishishini lemigodi yegolide ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko-ezisebenzayo.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium cyanide sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwimigodi yegolide yanamhlanje. Ukukwazi kwayo ukunyibilikisa igolide ngokukhethayo kwi-ores, idityaniswe neendleko zayo eziphantsi kunye nempumelelo ephezulu, iyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ekutsalweni kwale ntsimbi ixabisekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ishishini kufuneka liqhubeke nokulinganisa ukusetyenziswa kwalo kunye nemilinganiselo engqongqo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko ukuqinisekisa izenzo ezizinzileyo zokumbiwa kwegolide.