Yintoni ukunyibilika kwesodium cyanide?

Inkcazo yokunyibilika

I-Solubility ibhekiselele kubuninzi be-solute enokuthi inyibilike kwisixa esinikiweyo se-solvent kwiqondo elithile lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo ukwenza isisombululo esilinganayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakaliswe ngeegram ze-solute nge-100 milliliters (g/100 mL) ye-solvent okanye kwi-moles nganye ilitha (mol / L).

Ukunyibilika kweSodium Cyanide emanzini

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) inyibilika kakhulu emanzini. Kubushushu begumbi (malunga ne-25 °C), malunga ne-48 grams ye- Sodium cyanide inokunyibilika kwi-100 milliliters yamanzi. Njengoko ubushushu busanda, ukunyibilika kwayo emanzini nako kuyanyuka. Umzekelo, kwi-34.7 °C, ukunyibilika kwe- Sodium Cyanide emanzini malunga ne-82 g/100 mL.

Ukunyibilika okuphezulu kwe -sodium cyanide emanzini kunokubangelwa zizinto ezininzi. I-sodium cyanide yikhompawundi ye-ionic, equlathe ii-sodium cations (Na⁺) kunye nee-cyanide anions (CN⁻). Amanzi yimolekyuli ye-polar, ene-partial positive charge kwi-atom ze-hydrogen kunye ne-partial negative charge kwi-atom yeoksijini. Xa i-sodium cyanide yongezwa emanzini, iimolekyuli zamanzi ze-polar zidibana nee-ion kwi-sodium cyanide. Iziphelo ezintle zeemolekyuli zamanzi zitsalwa zii-cyanide anions, kwaye iziphelo ezimbi zitsalwa zii-sodium cations. Olu nxibelelwano oluqinileyo lwe-ion-dipole phakathi kwee-ion ze-sodium cyanide kunye neemolekyuli zamanzi luvumela i-sodium cyanide ukuba inyibilike ngokulula emanzini.

Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yokuchithwa kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini yinkqubo ye-exothermic. Ngokomgaqo we-Le Chatelier, kwinkqubo yokuchithwa kwe-exothermic, ukwandisa iqondo lobushushu kuya kutshintsha ukulingana kwempendulo yokutshatyalaliswa ukuya kwicala le-solute eqinile (enganyibilikiyo). Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko ye-sodium cyanide, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kukhokelela ekwandeni kwe-solubility. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kwandisa amandla e-kinetic kwiimolekyuli zamanzi kunye ne-ion, ekhuthaza ukuchithwa kwe-sodium cyanide ibe yi-ion kunye nokusasazwa kwabo emanzini, kugqithise umphumo wendalo ye-exothermic ye-reaction ye-solubility kwi-solubility ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.

Ukunyibilika kwezinye izinyibilikisi

Ukongeza emanzini, i-sodium cyanide ineempawu ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilika kwezinye izinyibilikisi:

• I-Ethanol : I-Sodium cyanide ayinyibiliki kangako kwi-ethanol. Ukunyibilika kwi-ethanol kuphantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa noko kumanzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-ethanol yi-polar solvent encinci kunamanzi. Inxalenye engeyiyo i-polar ye-ethanol molecule (iqela le-ethyl) inciphisa i-polarity iyonke ye-solvent. Ngenxa yoko, ukusebenzisana kwe-ion-dipole phakathi kwee-ion ze-sodium cyanide kunye nee-molecule ze-ethanol akunamandla njengalawo anee-molecule zamanzi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunyibilikeni okuncinci.

• Ezinye izinyibilikisi zendalo : I-Sodium cyanide inokunyibilika okuphantsi kakhulu kwizinyibilikisi zendalo ezingezizo ze-polar ezifana ne-benzene, i-ether, njl. Izinyibilikisi ezingezizo ze-polar azikwazi ukusebenzisana kakuhle neentlobo ze-ionic ezikwi-sodium cyanide. Ekubeni iimolekyuli ezingezizo ze-polar zingenawo umahluko omkhulu wetshaja, azinakutsala ii-ion ze-sodium kunye ne-cyanide ukuze ziphule iibhondi ze-ionic kwi-sodium cyanide kwaye zisasaze ii-ion ezikwi-solvent.

Ukubaluleka kokunyibilika

Izicelo zamashishini

Kwishishini lemigodi yegolide , ukunyibilika okuphezulu kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini kubalulekile. Igolide yenza i-soluble complex ene-sodium cyanide kwisisombululo samanzi. Le complex yegolide enyibilikayo-cyanide inokusetyenzwa ngakumbi ukuze kukhutshwe igolide ecocekileyo. Ukunyibilika kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini kuvumela ukutsalwa kwegolide ngokufanelekileyo kwi-ore yayo.

Ukuphendula kwemichiza

Kwi-chemical synthesis, i-solubility ye-sodium cyanide kwi-solvents efanelekileyo ichaphazela amazinga okuphendula kunye nezivuno. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye ii-nucleophilic substitution reactions apho i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa njenge-nucleophile, ukunyibilika kwayo kwi-reaction medium (ngokuqhelekileyo i-solvent ye-polar njengamanzi okanye umxube wamanzi otywala) imisela ukuba i-ion ye-cyanide inokusabela ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kunye ne-substrate. Ukuba i-solubility iphantsi kakhulu, i-concentration ye-ion ye-cyanide esebenzayo kwisisombululo iya kuba phantsi, enokuthi icothise ukusabela okanye ithintele ukusabela ukuba kwenzeke ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukhuseleko nokuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo

Ukuqonda ukunyibilika kwe-sodium cyanide kubalulekile ekukhuseleni kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo obuphezulu, ukuba i-sodium cyanide ichithwe ngengozi, ukunyibilika kwayo emanzini kuthetha ukuba inokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingcolise imithombo yamanzi. Isodium cyanide enyibilikayo inokukhupha igesi eyityhefu yehydrogen cyanide phambi kweeasidi okanye phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo. Ulwazi lokunyibilika kwayo lunceda ekuyileni isiqulatho esifanelekileyo kunye neendlela zokulungisa kwimeko yokuchitheka.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium cyanide inokunyibilika okuphezulu emanzini, okutshintshatshintsha ngokweqondo lobushushu, kunye nokunyibilika okuphantsi kakhulu kwezinye izinyibilikisi ezifana ne-ethanol kunye nokunyibilika okuphantsi kakhulu kwizithambisi ezingezizo ze-polar. Le propati yokunyibilika idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizicelo zayo zoshishino , iimpendulo zeekhemikhali, kunye nemiba enxulumene nokhuseleko.