Kutheni iSodium Cyanide ijongwa ngokusondeleyo?

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) kudala ingumxholo onomdla kakhulu kunye nenkxalabo kuwo wonke amabala ahlukeneyo. Oku kungenxa yobume bayo obuyityhefu kakhulu kunye nezicelo ezibanzi kushishino.

Ubutyhefu: Ingozi ebulalayo

Isodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu ebantwini. Nokuba isixa esincinci, esincinci njenge-5% yetisipuni, sinokubulala. Xa ingena emzimbeni womntu, iyahlukana ibe yi-cyanide ions (CN⁻). Ezi ion zinobudlelwane obuluqilima bentsimbi kwi-cytochrome oxidase, i-enzyme ebalulekileyo kwikhonkco lothutho lwe-electron ekuphefumleni kweselula. Ngokuzibophelela kwintsimbi, i-cyanide ions inqanda umsebenzi we-enzyme, ivimbela ukuhanjiswa kwee-electron kwaye ekugqibeleni iphazamise amandla omzimba wokuvelisa amandla ngendlela ye-ATP. Oku kukhokelela kukungasebenzi ngokukhawuleza kweseli, i-lactic acidosis (njengoko iiseli zitshintshela kwimetabolism ye-anaerobic), kwaye ekugqibeleni ukufa. Iimpawu ze sodium cyanide Ityhefu ibandakanya uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, ukuxhuzula, ukulahleka kwengqondo, kunye nokubanjwa kwentliziyo. Ngenxa yolu bungozi bugqithisileyo, nakuphi na ukuchatshazelwa okunokwenzeka Isodium cyanide, nokuba kwiingozi zemizi-mveliso okanye ezinye iimeko, ngokukhawuleza iphakamisa iinkxalabo ezinzulu zempilo yoluntu kunye nokhuseleko.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimizi-mveliso

Ukumbiwa kweGolide

Enye yezinto eziphambili zokusetyenziswa Isodium cyanide iku- ukumbiwa kwegolide ishishini. Uninzi lwegolide yehlabathi ayifumaneki kumanqwanqwa amakhulu kodwa njengamasuntswana acolekileyo asasazwe ematyeni. Ukukhupha igolide kwezi ntsimbi, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-cyanidation idla ngokusetyenziswa. Emva kokuba i-ore igaywe kwaye ifakwe kwi-powder ecocekileyo, yongezwa kwisisombululo se-sodium cyanide. Igolide yenza amaqhina aqinileyo kunye neemolekyuli zecyanide, idala igolide enyibilikayo - i-cyanide complexes. Ezi zixhobo zinokwahlulwa kwezinye iiminerali ezikwi-ore, njengoko zinyibilika emanzini. Emva koko, i-zinc yongezwa kwisisombululo, esiphendula kunye negolide - i-cyanide complexes, ebangela ukuba igolide ikhuphe njengento eqinile. Le mveliso yokugqibela iyanyibilikiswa ukuze kwakhiwe igolide esulungekileyo. Imfuno yehlabathi yegolide, eqhutywa zizinto ezifana nokwenza izacholo, utyalo-mali, kunye izicelo zemizi-mveliso, kuthetha ukuba isixa esikhulu sesodium cyanide sisetyenziswa kwimigodi yegolide kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngenxa yoko, nayiphi na imiba enxulumene ne-sodium cyanide kulo mxholo, njengokuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo, ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha, ukutsala ingqalelo ebalulekileyo ngenxa yokubaluleka kwezoqoqosho kwishishini.

Olunye Usetyenziso Lwemizi-mveliso

Isodium cyanide ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwamanye amacandelo ezoshishino. Kwintsimi ye-electroplating, isetyenziswe njengenxalenye kwezinye iindawo zokuhlambela. Inceda ekufezekiseni ukugquma okugudileyo nokufanayo kweentsimbi ezifana nobhedu, isilivere, i-cadmium, kunye ne-zinc kwii-substrates ezahlukeneyo. Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali ze-organic, i-sodium cyanide isebenza njengento ephambili yokuqala. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-synthesis yamachiza athile, isetyenziselwa ukwazisa iqela le-cyano (-CN) kwiimolekyuli zezinto eziphilayo, eziyimfuneko ekubunjweni kwamachiza amaninzi abalulekileyo. Ikwasetyenziswa nasekuveliseni iintsinga zokwenziwa, iiplastiki kunye nedayi. Kwishishini ledayi, libandakanyeka kwi-synthesis yeekhompawundi ezifana (i-cyanuric chloride), eyona nto ibalulekileyo ephakathi ekwenzeni idayi esebenzayo kwaye iphinda isebenze njengento ekrwada yokuvelisa izikhanyisi zamehlo. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kwezi nkqubo zahlukeneyo zamashishini, nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka ekuboneleleni, ukuphatha, okanye ukhuseleko lwesodium cyanide kunokuba neziphumo ezide kwezoqoqosho.

Iziganeko kunye neMpembelelo yazo

Iziganeko eziphakamileyo ezibandakanya i-sodium cyanide ziye zanegalelo ngakumbi ekuveleni kwayo kuluntu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuqhuma kwe-Tianjin kwi-2015 kwakuyisiganeko esibuhlungu esazisa i-sodium cyanide kwindawo ebonakalayo. Kwindawo yogqabhuko-dubulo, kwafunyanwa isitokhwe esikhulu seetoni ezingama-700 zesodium cyanide, eyayingaphezu kwama-70 kumda osemthethweni. Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwaphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nokukhutshwa okunokubakho kwale khemikhali inetyhefu kakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukuba i-sodium cyanide ibikhutshiwe ize idibane namanzi okanye amaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo, ibinokwenza igesi yehydrogen cyanide, into eyingozi kakhulu neguquguqukayo. IHydrogen cyanide inetyhefu egqithisileyo xa itsaliwe kwaye inokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza emoyeni, ibeka emngciphekweni ubomi babantu abakuloo ngingqi. Nangona abasemagunyeni baseTshayina bathatha inyathelo elikhawulezileyo lokulawula le meko, njengokunyanga ukuchitheka ngehydrogen peroxide ukunciphisa ukwakheka kweekhompawundi eziyingozi ngakumbi, isiganeko sisaqaqambisa imingcipheko ebalulekileyo eyayanyaniswa nokugcinwa kunye nokuphathwa kwesodium cyanide. Ukuqonda koluntu ngeengozi ezinokubakho zesodium cyanide kwanyuswa kakhulu, kwaye oko kwakhokelela ekuphononongweni okwandisiweyo kwemigaqo yokhuseleko kunye nezenzo kumashishini ajongene nale khemikhali.

Ekugqibeleni, i-sodium cyanide iphezulu utyhefu, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini aphambili afana nokwembiwa kwegolide nokuveliswa kwemichiza, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwayo kwiziganeko ezikhulu konke oko kunegalelo kwisimo sayo njengemichiza ejongwe ngeliso elibukhali. Isidingo sokulungelelanisa usetyenziso lwayo lwemizi-mveliso kunye namanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko ukukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo kuhlala kungumngeni onzima.