Kutheni iSodium Cyanide ijongwa ngokusondeleyo?

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ibisoloko iyinto enomdla kakhulu kwaye ixhalatyelwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kungenxa yendalo yayo enobuthi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kushishino.

Ubutyhefu: Ingozi ebulalayo

I-sodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu ebantwini. Nokuba yincinci kangakanani, engaphantsi kwe-5% yethisipuni, inokubulala. Xa ingena emzimbeni womntu, iyahlukana ibe yi-cyanide ions (CN⁻). Ezi ions zinobuhlobo obuqinileyo ne-iron kwi-cytochrome oxidase, i-enzyme ebalulekileyo kwi-electron transport chain ekuphefumleni kweseli. Ngokubophelela kwi-iron, i-cyanide ions iyathintela umsebenzi we-enzyme, ithintele ukudluliselwa kwee-electron kwaye ekugqibeleni iphazamise amandla omzimba okuvelisa amandla ngohlobo lwe-ATP. Oku kukhokelela ekusebenzeni kakubi kweseli ngokukhawuleza, i-lactic acidosis (njengoko iiseli zitshintshela kwi-anaerobic metabolism), kwaye ekugqibeleni zife. Iimpawu zetyhefu ye -sodium cyanide ziquka ukuphefumla, ukuxhuzula, ukulahlekelwa yingqondo, kunye nokuma kwentliziyo. Ngenxa yolu hlobo lokubulala lugqithisileyo, naluphi na ukuvezwa kwi- Sodium Cyanide , nokuba kukwiingozi zemizi-mveliso okanye kwezinye iimeko, ngoko nangoko kuphakamisa inkxalabo enkulu yempilo yoluntu kunye nokhuseleko.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimizi-mveliso

Ukumbiwa kweGolide

Enye yeendlela eziphambili zokusebenzisa iSodium cyanide kushishino lwemigodi yegolide . Uninzi lwegolide yehlabathi alufumaneki kwiinuggets ezinkulu kodwa lufumaneka njengamasuntswana amancinci asasazeke ematyeni. Ukukhupha igolide kwezi ore, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-cyanidation isetyenziswa rhoqo. Emva kokuba iore imbiwe kwaye igutyungelwe ibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo, yongezwa kwisisombululo se-sodium cyanide. Igolide yakha ubudlelwane obuqinileyo neemolekyuli ze-cyanide, idala i-soluble gold - cyanide complexes. Ezi complexes zinokwahlulwa kwezinye iiminerali ezikwiore, njengoko zinyibilika emanzini. Emva koko, i-zinc yongezwa kwisisombululo, esisabela kwiicomplex zegolide - cyanide, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igolide iphume njengeqinileyo. Le mveliso yokugqibela emva koko iyanyibilikiswa ukuze yahlule igolide ecocekileyo. Imfuno yehlabathi yegolide, eqhutywa zizinto ezifana nokwenza ubucwebe, utyalo-mali, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso , ithetha ukuba inani elikhulu le-sodium cyanide lisetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yokwemba igolide kwihlabathi liphela. Ngenxa yoko, naziphi na iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-sodium cyanide kule meko, ezifana nokuphathwa kwayo ngokukhuselekileyo, ukugcinwa kwayo, kunye nokuthuthwa kwayo, zitsala ingqalelo enkulu ngenxa yokubaluleka kwezoqoqosho kolu shishino.

Olunye Usetyenziso Lwemizi-mveliso

Isodium cyanide ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwamanye amacandelo ezoshishino. Kwintsimi ye-electroplating, isetyenziswe njengenxalenye kwezinye iindawo zokuhlambela. Inceda ekufezekiseni ukugquma okugudileyo nokufanayo kweentsimbi ezifana nobhedu, isilivere, i-cadmium, kunye ne-zinc kwii-substrates ezahlukeneyo. Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali ze-organic, i-sodium cyanide isebenza njengento ephambili yokuqala. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-synthesis yamachiza athile, isetyenziselwa ukwazisa iqela le-cyano (-CN) kwiimolekyuli zezinto eziphilayo, eziyimfuneko ekubunjweni kwamachiza amaninzi abalulekileyo. Ikwasetyenziswa nasekuveliseni iintsinga zokwenziwa, iiplastiki kunye nedayi. Kwishishini ledayi, libandakanyeka kwi-synthesis yeekhompawundi ezifana (i-cyanuric chloride), eyona nto ibalulekileyo ephakathi ekwenzeni idayi esebenzayo kwaye iphinda isebenze njengento ekrwada yokuvelisa izikhanyisi zamehlo. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kwezi nkqubo zahlukeneyo zamashishini, nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka ekuboneleleni, ukuphatha, okanye ukhuseleko lwesodium cyanide kunokuba neziphumo ezide kwezoqoqosho.

Iziganeko kunye neMpembelelo yazo

Iziganeko eziphakamileyo ezibandakanya i-sodium cyanide ziye zanegalelo ngakumbi ekuveleni kwayo kuluntu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuqhuma kwe-Tianjin kwi-2015 kwakuyisiganeko esibuhlungu esazisa i-sodium cyanide kwindawo ebonakalayo. Kwindawo yogqabhuko-dubulo, kwafunyanwa isitokhwe esikhulu seetoni ezingama-700 zesodium cyanide, eyayingaphezu kwama-70 kumda osemthethweni. Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwaphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nokukhutshwa okunokubakho kwale khemikhali inetyhefu kakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukuba i-sodium cyanide ibikhutshiwe ize idibane namanzi okanye amaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo, ibinokwenza igesi yehydrogen cyanide, into eyingozi kakhulu neguquguqukayo. IHydrogen cyanide inetyhefu egqithisileyo xa itsaliwe kwaye inokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza emoyeni, ibeka emngciphekweni ubomi babantu abakuloo ngingqi. Nangona abasemagunyeni baseTshayina bathatha inyathelo elikhawulezileyo lokulawula le meko, njengokunyanga ukuchitheka ngehydrogen peroxide ukunciphisa ukwakheka kweekhompawundi eziyingozi ngakumbi, isiganeko sisaqaqambisa imingcipheko ebalulekileyo eyayanyaniswa nokugcinwa kunye nokuphathwa kwesodium cyanide. Ukuqonda koluntu ngeengozi ezinokubakho zesodium cyanide kwanyuswa kakhulu, kwaye oko kwakhokelela ekuphononongweni okwandisiweyo kwemigaqo yokhuseleko kunye nezenzo kumashishini ajongene nale khemikhali.

Ukuqukumbela, ubuthi obuphezulu be-sodium cyanide , ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini aphambili afana nokumbiwa kwegolide kunye nokuveliswa kweekhemikhali, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwayo kwiziganeko ezinkulu konke oku kunegalelo ekubeni ibe yikhemikhali ejongwa ngokusondeleyo. Imfuneko yokulinganisela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwimizi-mveliso kunye namanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko ukukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo isengumngeni obalulekileyo.